فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، زمستان 1397)

“Mental Health” is a psychological concept that has been considered by religious researches. The purpose of this study was to provide a conceptual model for mental health through identification and investigation of concepts related to “Salamah”(health) and “Maraz”(disease) in Islamic sources, which was done by conceptual analysis method. Ten related concepts were identified. In order to make a comparison between the concepts, each of them was first analyzed in seven indexes, then their relationship was examined, and finally, by identifying the key elements, the proposed mental health model was presented. The findings showed that from the analysis and communication of the five concepts of health and the six concepts of the field of disease, three key elements of Islamic mental health are derived that Contains “ability”, “Acceptance of monotheistic criterion”, and “monotheistic compatibility”. By combination of two recent elements with the ability; can be found four types of health which include “lack of health”, “incomplete health”, “health”, and “complete health”. Each of these types can be explained with some of the Islamic concepts of health and disease.

The effectiveness of optimism training, with  an emphasis on  the Quran, on the social happiness and anxiety of the high school female students has studied in this research. The semi-experimental research design, of the pretest-posttest type and track down with the group, was the research control. Using random clustering method, twenty six students selected and assigned randomly into two groups of test (13 people) and a control group (13 people) Interfering was done for the test group for ten sessions. The positive psychotherapy questionnaire, to measure happiness (Rashid), and social anxiety questionnaire (Watson & Freund) was performed in pre-test and post-test sessions in two groups. Findings show that, optimism, with an emphasis on the Quran, increased the happiness and decreased the social anxiety of female students in the experimental group in compare with the control group (p <0/001), which was stable due to the result of the follow-up test. Therefore, the optimism training, with an emphasis on the Quran, can be used to increase happiness and reduce social anxiety.

Providing a short version of the religiosity scale based on its long version, this research study is performed. Using stratified random sampling, 4000 students from Tehran were selected as research sample. Item analysis results and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis show that, a scale with 36 items has the best psychoanalytic structure, which has the most fitness and relation with the three-dimensional theoretical mode. Item credit coefficients, subscales and the total scale of the three-component model of the shorter version show that, all subscales have suitable homogeneity coefficients. Their amount is 0.92 for religious belief, 0.81 for religious affections and 0.91 for religious behavior. Examining the correlation coefficients of item score with the total score for the relevant subscale show that, these coefficients are variable between 0.41 (item 37) and 0.77 (item 25). Five social pretend items added to this version of the tool as well. The final tool with 40 items has psychometric and appropriate operating structure features and can be used as an admissible and valid tool in research.

Analyzing the effectiveness of admission and commitment-based therapy and spirituality-based one on the happiness, psychological well-being and the quality of life of the affected women by obsessive compulsive disorder, this research study is performed. The research is a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test and follow-up test. Using an available sampling method, 45 triable cases selected among the all the affected women by obsessive compulsive disorder in Isfahan and randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. The two experimental groups received a therapeutic treatment in eight sessions of two hours. The triable ones evaluated, after one month with Oxford happiness questionnaire, Reef psychological well-being and quality of life, in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The findings from statistical data showed that, both interventions were effective, but the effectiveness of spirituality-based therapy on the happiness, psychological well-being and the quality of life was higher than admission and commitment-based therapy.

Emphasizing on the Qom Payame Noor University's students in 1394 H.SH., this paper studies the relation of trusting in God and enduring distress on the quality of life. Using a descriptive-correlation method, and focusing on 397 students of Payame Noor University as the statistical population, who were selected by random cluster sampling, this paper used the questionnaire of trusting in God, tolerance of distress and quality of life. Pearson correlation and multiple regression model were used to analyze the data. Findings show that, there is a positive relationship between trust in God and tolerance of distress in quality of life. Also, trusting in God and enduring distress, predicted changes in quality of life scores. Accordingly, we can say, the two variables of trusting in God and enduring distress have an important contribution in the quality of life of students.

Religious beliefs and forgiveness in interpersonal relationships are among the affecting factors on public health. Using a descriptive-correlation method, and focusing on 384 students of Hamadan Bu-Ali Sina University as the statistical population, who were selected by random cluster sampling in the academic year of 1995-96 H.Sh., this paper seeks to study the public health based on the religious beliefs' practice and forgiveness. The scales of religious beliefs' practice, interpersonal forgiveness and public health, are among the tool for collecting information in this research. The findings of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that, there is a positive and significant relationship between religious belief and forgiveness and public health (P <0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that, the religious beliefs' practice and forgiveness can significantly predict public health (p <0.001). This research confirms the role of religious beliefs and forgiveness in students' public health. It seems that, these characteristics can play a significant role in achieving mental and physical health of individuals.

Analyzing the relationship between psychological hardiness and religious attitude with hope in cardiovascular patients, this research study is performed. Using a descriptive-correlation method, and focusing on 196 cardiovascular patients at Bojnourd medical center, who were selected by available sampling method, this research study is performed. Ahwaz Psychological hardiness questionnaire (AHI), religious attitude scale (RAS) and hope (AHS) were used to collect data. Data analysis was done through Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings showed that, there is a significant relationship between psychological hardiness, religious attitude and hope (P <0.01). Psychological hardiness and religious attitude could significantly predict hope (P <0.01) in regression analysis. Also, among the components of religious attitude, the subscales of social issues, worldview and beliefs, worship and science and religion were the strongest predictors of hope in cardiovascular patients (P <0.01). Whatever psychological hardiness and religious attitude of cardiovascular patients increase, their hope will also increase.