فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1393)

This paper builds on previous papers and reflects on how the messianic thought is planned and the quality of Mahdavi teachings of Imam Sadegh which has been situated in the religious statements with respect to the overall goals of invitation to Islam, as well as the special opportunities of the truth-seekers in religious education, the needs of the age when the Umayyads were falling from power and Abbasids were rising to power. Surveying the points of emphasis and reflecting on these statements of the Imam can show the wisdom and teachings of the bigger design that one the one hand pursues the general Islamic education goals and on the other hand addresses the specific messianic import of the messages impacting on the ethical and religious education. This research focuses on content analysis of the traditions handed down from Imam Sadiq and attempts to throw some light on its Shiite Mahdavi contents with regards to the proceedings of that age. Thus, it works on the known topics emphasized in the words of Imam along with a sample of each and reflects on the relationship of these words with the audience, trying to gain the wisdom and reason for each issue. The examples the of words of Imam Sadiq in this article are fewer than the previous articles, as we have to narrow the number of traditions because they are numerous and avoid detailed reporting and suffice to general trends. Proceedings of the assumptions and methods are the same as described earlier in the previous papers. The article highlights the point that Mahdavi doctrines taught by the Imam at this juncture of history, not only provides Islamic education and apocalyptic Mahdavism, but also shows the importance of educating which is attentive to the audience. It also highlights the kind of messianic talk sensitive enough to prevent the challenges and deviations in era of the early Imams.

This paper highlights an important issue called 'epistemology of research on Mahdism'. The epistemological approach of the research on Mahdism follows the outer second-degree approach and attitude. In doing so, the terms such as knowledge, epistemology, and epistemology of research on Mahdism, are explained in concept and then it is discussed how will be possible to apply the knowledge in the field research on Mahdism. In the process of discussing the epistemology, a role model that will serve research on Mahdism from epistemological point of view is employed and foundationalism is considered as a pattern. In the process of the essay, the theoretical and axiomatic propositions will be clarified and then mechanism of rendering theoretical to axiomatic propositions in foundationalism will be explained. In the following sections, the theorems of the obvious and evident will be addressed alongside areas such as intellectual research on Mahdism, intuitive theorems and propositions drawn from religious texts such as the Quran and traditions of the Imams. At the end, we define a typology of the messianic traditions, narratives, symbols, symbolic signs, The news, Malahamy, emblematic signs.

Various interpretations have been made of the principle of Expectation or Waiting (for the Savior) in light of analytical philosophy of the Absence in the Shiite thought and Mahdism doctrine. This paper offers a critique to all and suggests a comprehensive interpretation based on the philosophy of Waiting. Based on such a comprehensive analysis, the negative side of the issue is not the only side to be stressed. The positive side also gets emphasis as the preparation of individuals and community efforts to establish an Islamic state in order to fulfill different aspects of religion. The development of the believers around the Koran and the Sunnah as the pivots under the leadership of the committed Imams is not possible without such a comprehensive view.

Futurology as a study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures is a Western and secular science that the West has stumbled over its overall mission and does not work well in non-Western societies as it do not have the required effectiveness. Islamic Futurology and Futuristic studies is a new version and an alternative which is also compatible with the Islamic worldview and takes benefit from Islam in a maximal way. This versions of Futurology has not been fully formed yet in order to bring objectivity to it, there is a long way to go. The first step is feasibility as a justified Islamic science because most Futurologists would consider this knowledge as inherently secular. After that, the roadmap for realization of the Islamic Futurology should be drawn. Undoubtedly, the Islamic alternative to the secular Futurology does not happen with focus on philosophical reflection alone and it requires both of the theoretical and practical aspects to be include in it. Thus, in this paper, the issue of the feasibility of the Islamic Futuristic studies will be elaborated upon. Furthermore, the ' attitude _ Islamic Futuristic studies ' will be presented as a context in order to shape up the Islamic Futuristic studies in a strategic approach.

Undoubtedly, consideration of the religious precepts plays a fundamental role in the introduction and recognition of Islamic civilization. Hence, the lack of knowledge of each of these doctrines can limit our understanding of Islamic civilization as a whole, which has dynamic characteristics, and creates a serious problem in our analysis. This paper attempts to analyze capacities and capabilities in the cultural and civilization aspects of the messianic doctrine with a descriptive and interpretive approach. There are requirements for the author who chooses to provide clarity of discussion by analyzing the doctrine of Mahdism from a civilization approach. Of the main requirements, we explain the "Rethinking civilization studies on Islam," "The outsider's approach to the messianic ideas of Mahdism" and "respect for fundamental research in the field of messianic ideas and Mahdism". The findings of this research includes the "Strengthening the apocalyptic and Idealistic aspect of Mahdism ", " role modeling from the Mahdism pattern and organizing and simulating the approaches to civilization," "messianic teachings and creation of the ultimate identity for political and social change," "messianic teachings and meaning to social life throughout the history" and "messianic teachings and mobilizing the public wills and creating active waiting for the savior ".

Since the rule of Mahdi has a political aspect, and according to Prophet, he will save mankind from oppression and injustice, the Abbasids who were aware of this issue, did take advantage of their relative affinity with the prophet and Ahlul bayt, tried paint his revolt with a Mahdi feature and their rule as a Mahdavi revolution that promises to show the face of messianic justice. Therefore, they manipulated the traditions that heralded the emergence of Imam Mahdi, and distorted documents in such topics as ethnic ancestry of Mahdi and began to forge traditions. Apart from spreading the false news in this field, and in addition to misusing the authentic Hadiths about the prophetic messianism, some news was issued on predictions of future events that helped their claims. The simultaneity of the Abbasids ascent to power with the era when Ahlul Sunna Hadith were documented caused these forged Hadiths to be spread across in the society and considered as Mahdavi traditions among many ordinary people. Thus, a significant part of the Hadith from Ahlul Sunnah in this era, particularly those with regards to the signs of emergence - can be unacceptable and invalid. are not. Accordingly, their abundance may deface or overshadow the authentic Fatemid Hadith of the prophet in this regard and weaken the people's belief in the definite arrival of the justice spreading savior in the end of times. This makes their critique essential.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of each of the variables of hope, optimism, and locus of control in predicting expectation or waiting capacity for the savior in the Payam Noor University students in Charmahal va Bakhtiari Province. The study sample consisted of 362 university students in the second semester of the school year stated in Payam Noor (year 91-92 = 2013 to 2014 academic year), which integrates two-stage cluster sampling and were randomly selected. For measuring the variables, some available data contributed by other researchers from their published articles were used and analyzed through a descriptive statistics and stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that the average student's expectation or waiting for the savior is 60.10 per cent. Optimism variable was added to the equation, and the significance increased in predictive power, for the same variable of the students. From this study we conclude that, one of the ways to increase the student's expectation or waiting for the savior can be to enhance the student's hopefulness, or raising hopes and their locus of control.