فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 35 (پاییز 1394)

The necessity of guidance rule plays a key role in the Shiite theological ideas that was mentioned earlier in an independent article; however, its potentially significant role in the discussions of Mahdaviyyat is totally neglected. Many issues in Messianism are relevant to this rule and can be applied to a different analysis of the issues and take an applied and deep response, This analysis and response is also confirmed by the words of an Imams. In this way, the analysis of some of the most important issues of Messianism and their relationship to the necessity of guidance rule is a good starting point to clarify such a significant role.The second step is providing a detailed analysis of the necessity of guidance rule and its results in different areas. Analysing the results in the light of Imam's accounts can be an assessment of the accuracy of results and an introduction to the verbal analyses.

One of the arguments for the existence of Imam Mahdi is the reasons taken from religious traditions or the Hadiths from the Innocent Twelve Imams. The reasons for the existence of Imam has been sought to deny the existence of Imam by the author of the book the author of Al-Imam Al-Mahdi: A Historical Fact or a Philosophical Hypothesis (Ahmad al Katib, 2007). According to his claims, the arguments and narratives of Shia scholars on the Absence of Imam are null and void, because the traditions cannot inform us of something before it happens and to be a miracle. The proofs can be attributed to the Imam's Absence if only Imam Hasan Askary and his son can be shown to have existed essentially. The Shiite scholars also admit that there must be proof of existence initially and then any argument to his Absence. Therefore, he claims, the traditions relating to Absence can never prove the existence of the Twleve Imam in the first place. The Shiite scholars in the beginning also argued only to prove his existence and they would not talk about his absence. The traditions relating to the two period of Absences did not appear until Nomani's time. This research explains the different ways Shiite clerics have argued for the Absence, using the Absence traditions and seeks to show that the problem Katib has stated, is due to his misrepresentation of the word and meanings of Shiite scholars. Shiite Imam never use the Absence traditions for the purpose of proving the very existence of Mahdi. Katib's counter-argument for the Absence also relies upon this fundamental error. Also, contrary to his claim, Shiite scholars have expressed the Absence from the beginning, and the writers before Nomani have also brought traditions relating to Absence. Therefore, that claim is also invalid and unacceptable.

Discussion of Imamate and particularly the Imam of the Time is an important issue and one of the major Shiite tenets, in a way that what distinguishes Shiite from other Islamic religions is the belief in the existence of Imam's birth and existence. One of the important responsibilities of the Shiites is defending this fundamental belief and one way of defending the faith, is to adhere to traditions that do not allow Imamate of two brothers after Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein (PBUH).From early on, there were people who have always raised doubts even unfounded, and have questioned the existence and the birth of this Imam which is like a rising sun. This paper also attempts to prove the existence of the, the Imam Mahdi with an analytical method, referring to the traditions of disallowing Imamate of two brothers after Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein (PBUH), and specifically respond to some doubts about the Imam Mahdi that Ahmad Katib, the author of Al-Imam Al-Mahdi: A Historical Fact or a Philosophical Hypothesis (Ahmad al Katib, 2007), have raised in denying the existence of Imam Mahdi (PBUH).Claims made by al Katib, are based on the argument he made about the traditions related to the lack of licensing Imamate of two brothers, that only Sheikh Tusi have raised two hundred years after the martyrdom of Imam Hassan Askary (the father of Imam Mahdi) and thus, he claims, cannot be a way to prove the existence of the Imam. Based on this current research, Shia scholars such as Ashari Ghomi (of Qom) have quoted those traditions in defence of existence and argued for it from earlier on, almost contemporarily with Imam Askary,. Thus, these traditions are not singularly referenced. Moreover, traditions also ascribed to the Imamate of Abdullah Aftah, which he claims, are not true.

The study is expected to do a religious analysis of the Waiting Culture in the scene-setting society.The sample of the statistical population composes of middle school students of District 4 of the city of Shiraz. The study used stratified random sampling. This study has an applied aim and uses a descriptive and survey methodology. In this study, theoretical background have been collected using library resources and articles related to the subject. In the field study, questionnaires are filled out and collected and then, analysis has been done on the final data.For comprehensive analysis of the data, measurement tools like testing a statistical population average is used for the suitability of the culture and expectations of the target population. Friedman test is also used to rank the dimensions of the issue and identify priorities of the audience. Overall, the results show that the components of the Waiting Culture in the target population are in a medium state.

Educational and spiritual scene-setting facilitation for the presence of promised Mahdi, is the most important task of the Shiite thinkers of our time, because this is the foundation for other branches of scene-setting facilitation (political, economic, cultural, etc).Incorporation of courses on principles of Messianism and its affiliates to be taught in elementary, secondary and higher education levels and the utilization of information technology achievements in the World Wide Web, can create a great potential to facilitate genuine and deep messianism related education in the world. In the meantime, the introduction of a practical example of the key features of a competent person (Mahdi) could set the stage for the emergence of him, the final peacemaker.

After the verbal disputes on the subject of God's attributes, perhaps the most important religious discussion and dispute that have led to the creation of new religious groups has been the belief in apocalyptic ideas. The authors of this article believe that one of the reasons for the emergence of new religious sects is the prediction of a specific time for the Presence of the Savior. Sometimes, setting a specific time in the future has led a group to come together based on this belief and share common values and notions and finally form a common religious group. They, even after their predictions are seen wrong after the due date, still continue to emphasize the common values and ideas they retain. In Christianity, Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses are noted and in Islam, the Bahai Faith is an example. These new religious sects are based on the prophetic vision of their leaders, and yet they played a different role and have had special effect on each of them.

One way to understand the relationship between social change and religion is surveying the actual samples. This article is about the emergence and growth of these new religious and spiritual movements and sects in different communities, both Islamic and non-Islamic and concerns to find out whether this phenomenon in human societies follows the same pattern or not? The study also assumed that social change is the common pattern based on which such phenomena occurs.The purpose of this study was to describe the correlations and, not finding the cause and effect relationships; therefore, identifying patterns needed is congruent with the aim of the study. This article emphasises on the sociological theories about sectarianism and new religions and new religious movements and spiritual orientations, considers situating those arguments that sociologists have developed of religion about the relationship between social change and the emergence and growth of new religious movements in Western societies. The model presented to analyze this phenomenon in society, will then be explained in the paper.According to the consensus amongst sociologists of religion, the position of religion in society and possible future developments of a religion can only be understood in the evidence of "social context" and public and social dimensions of religion like belief or religious practice. In the work of sociologists of religion, the variable of "social change" is outstanding, but these theories do not enjoy a deep futurology attitude and development and change in this theory is defined based on the evolution and the transition from a primitive to a modern society. What understanding these theories of futurology do not inform is a promised saviour based on the teachings and ideals of society, which leads us to propose a new model in the analysis of social change and its relation to developments in the field of religion and religiosity.