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Dental Research Journal - Volume:13 Issue: 6, Nov 2016

Dental Research Journal
Volume:13 Issue: 6, Nov 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/10/22
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Miryam Cuellar‑, Flores, Laura Susana Acosta‑, Torres, Omar Mart, Iacute, Nez‑, Alvarez, Benjamin S., Aacute, Nchez‑, Trocino, Javier De La Fuente‑, Hern, Aacute, Ndez, Rigoberto Garcia‑, Gardu, Ntildeo., Rene Garcia‑, Contreras Page 473
    Background
    The surface energy of titanium (Ti) implants is very important when determining hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, which is vital in osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to determine how Ti plates with an alkaline treatment (NaOH) affect the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF).
    Materials And Methods
    In vitro experimental study was carried out. Type 1 commercially pure Ti plates were analyzed with atomic force microscopy to evaluate surface roughness. The plates were treated ultrasonically with NaOH at 5 M (pH 13.7) for 45 s. HPLF previously established from periodontal tissue was inoculated on the treated Ti plates. The adhered and proliferated viable cell numbers were determined using the 3‑ 4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide method for 60 min and 24 h, respectively. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests and multiple comparisons of the Mann–Whitney U‑test, P value was fixed at 0.05.
    Results
    The mean roughness values equaled 0.04 μm with an almost flat surface and some grooves. The alkaline treatment of Ti plates caused significantly (P
    Conclusion
    The treatment of Ti plates with NaOH enhances cell adhesion and the proliferation of HPLF cells. Clinically, the alkaline treatment of Ti‑based implants could be an option to improve and accelerate osseointegration.
    Keywords: Cells, periodontal ligament, sodium hydroxide, titanium, wettability
  • Lobna Abdel Aziz Aly Abdel Aziz Aly, Nelly Ibrahim Hammouda Page 478
    Background
    Excessive gingival display (GD) is a frequent finding that can occur because of various intraoral or extraoral etiologies. This work describes the use of a mucosal repositioned flap for the management of a gummy smile associated with vertical maxillary excess (VME) and hypermobility of the upper lip followed by injection of Botox.
    Materials And Methods
    Seven female patients in the age range of 17–25 years presented with a gummy smile. At full smile, the average GD ranged from 6 to 8 mm. A clinical examination revealed hypermobility of the upper lip. A cephalometric analysis pointed to the presence of VME. The mucosal repositioned flap surgery was conducted followed by injection with botulinum toxin type A (Botox) 2 weeks postsurgically.
    Results
    After 4 weeks, results were definitely observed with a decrease from 8 mm gingival exposure to 3 mm, which was considered as normal GD for an adult during smiling.
    Conclusion
    For patients desiring a less invasive alternative to orthognathic surgery, the mucosal repositioned flap is a viable alternative. Moreover, Botox is a useful adjunct to enhance the esthetics and improve patient satisfaction where surgery alone may prove inadequately in moderate VME.
    Keywords: Botox, gum, smiling, lip, repositioning
  • Abolfazl Aslani, Negar Malekpour Page 484
    Background
    Periodontitis is a disease of tooth supporting tissues, and Gram-negative Bacteria are the main cause of this. Propolis has antibacterial, anti-infl ammatory, and antioxidant effects due to its high polyphenol and fl avonoids content. The aim of this study is the formulation of a mucoadhesive gel containing concentrated extract of propolis for treatment of periodontitis.
    Materials And Methods
    Formulations containing carbopol 940, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, and propolis extract were prepared. Among ten prepared formulations, fi ve formulations had acceptable and proper physical appearance and uniformity; thus, they were selected for physicochemical tests (centrifugal, thermal change, cooling and heating, freeze and thaw, thermal stress, and pH evaluation), quantifi cation of fl avonoids, viscosity, mucoadhesion, drug release, and syringeability tests. We investigated the antibacterial activity of F10 (carbopol 940 1%, NaCMC 3%) against Porphyromonas gingivalis using the disk diffusion method.
    Results
    Phenolic content was measured 39.02 ± 3.24 mg/g of concentrated extract as gallic acid and fl avonoid content was determined 743.28 ± 12.1 mg/g of concentrated extract as quercetin. Highest viscosity (3700 cps) and mucoadhesion (21 MPa) were seen in F10. Study of release profi le in F10 also revealed that propolis could release from this system in more than 7 days. All of the fi ve selected formulations had ease of syringeability in 21-gauge needle for drug delivery into periodontal pocket. In the disk diffusion method, F10 produced signifi cant growth inhibition zones against P. gingivalis.
    Conclusion
    Controlled release of drug into periodontal pocket helps effective treatment and recovery, higher persistence and reduces drug use frequency. Increase of carbopol 940 leads to viscosity and mucoadhesion elevation and accordingly decreases of release rate. 10 was the best formulation because of highest viscosity and mucoadhesion and lowest release rate. It had efficient function in treatment of periodontitis, so we recommend it for clinical evaluation.
    Keywords: Antibacterial, effects, fl avonoids, compounds, oral, drug delivery systems, periodontitis, propolis
  • A. Vikramsimha Reddy, Lakshmi Keerthana Killampalli, A. Ravi Prakash, Sushma Naag, G. Sreenath, Sunil Kumar Biraggari Page 494
    Background
    Lipids play an important role in maintaining the cell membrane integrity. Lipid profile is a panel of blood tests that serve as an initial medical screening for abnormalities in lipids and approximate risk for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, etc., The present study evaluates the alterations in lipid profile in cancer patients, smokers, and nonsmokers and aims to achieve a correlation between them.
    Materials And Methods
    The study is an in vitro type of cross‑sectional study with 25 oral cancer patients, 25 chronic smokers (habit persisting for 15 years or more), and 15 nonsmokers as control group. Blood samples had been collected, and triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high‑density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‑density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) were analyzed using a lipid profile kit and an autoanalyzer. The results were analyzed using the unpaired t‑test and ANOVA test (P
    Results
    There was a significant increase in TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL and decrease in HDL in the smokers group when compared to the controls (P
    Conclusion
    There is an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile in smokers and cancer patients. The decrease in lipid profile in cancer patients might be due to their increased utilization of lipids by neoplastic cells in membrane biogenesis. Therefore, a decrease in lipid profile in smokers can be assumed that they might be more prone to develop cancerous conditions.
    Keywords: Carcinogenesis, cell membrane, cholesterol LDL, cholesterol HDL, lipid metabolism, lipoproteins, liver, risk factors, smoking
  • Narges Naghsh, Sayed Mohammad Razavi, Mohsen Minaiyan, Mohammad Shahabooei, Reza Birang, Parichehr Behfarnia, Samira Hajisadeghi Page 500
    Background
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bone resorption inhibitors, doxycycline (DOX) and erythromycin (EM), on osseous wound healing in rat alveolar socket.
    Materials And Methods
    In this randomized controlled trial, 45 8–10-week-old male Wistar rats had their maxillary right molar extracted. They were divided into three groups of 15. In Group 1 normal saline, Group 2 DOX, and Group 3 EM were administered at the doses of 5 ml/kg/day, 5 mg/kg/day, and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. The rats were sacrifi ced 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and immunohistochemical staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to determine osteoclasts. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS version 20. Signifi cant level was set at 0.05.
    Results
    The results showed that when drug-treated groups compared to control groups, RANKL gene expression signifi cantly decreased, TRAP cells decreased on day 7. The RANKL/OPG ratios in the fi rst two weeks in the test groups were signifi cantly lower than the control group. There was no signifi cant difference in the studied indices between DOX and EM groups.
    Conclusion
    Following administration of DOX and EM, the number of osteoclasts and RANKL/ OPG ratio decreased suggesting their anti-osteoclastogenesis activity. These two drugs have no advantage over each other in increasing the bone formation.
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, real, time polymerase chain reaction, tartrate, resistant acid phosphatase
  • Ganesh Ranganath Jadhav, Priya Mittal, Anish Kulkarni, Shibli Syed, Ravikiran Bagul, Saina Elahi, Dheeraj Kalra Page 508
    Background
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the canal cleaning ability of three novel endodontic rotary instruments and compare with ProTaper files as a control in apical third of root canals under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    Materials And Methods
    Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected according to inclusion criteria. Buccal cusp tips were ground to ensure having a flat coronal reference point with a total tooth length of 16 mm for all samples. Teeth were divided equally into four groups: Group I (ProTaper group), Group II (ProTaper next group), Group III (variable taper group), and Group IV (self‑adjusting file [SAF] group). Using SEM, the dentinal surfaces were observed and rated at apical thirds with a magnification of ×1000 for the presence/absence of smear layer and debris. Descriptive analysis was performed, and analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test was carried out for comparison between the groups, at a significance level of 0.05.
    Results
    There was statistically significant difference between Group II and Group IV for debris (P = 0.047) and smear layer (P = 0.037).
    Conclusion
    In apical third of root canal, SAF showed statistically significant canal cleaning ability due to combined effect of continuous streaming irrigation with effectively replacing the irrigant from the apical portion of the root canal, irrigants activation through the creation of turbulence, and its self‑adapting design to root canal anatomy with a scrubbing motion on the canal walls.
    Keywords: Rotary, Filing, scanning electron microscopy, self, adjustied, variable
  • Mahboubeh Mirzakhani, Sayed Mostafa Mousavinasab, Mohammad Atai Page 515
    Background
    This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different percentages of ethanol solvent of an experimental methacrylate‑based dentin bonding agent containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on the microleakage of resin composite restorations.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, 42 extracted human premolar teeth used and 84 standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth. The teeth were divided into 6 groups of 7. Experimental bonding agents with different percentages of solvent were used in 5 groups and Single Bond® as a control. The teeth were restored with resin composite and subjected to thermal cycling test. Teeth were then immersed in a solution of 2% basic fuchsine dye for 24 h and sectioned buccolingually and scored using stereomicroscope with ×32 magnification. Microleakage data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests.
    Results
    There were significant differences between the microleakage enamel margins (P = 0.036) and dentinal margins (P = 0.008) in all the groups. These significant differences were seen between the control group and groups containing 46 wt% solvent (P = 0.011), 46 wt% and 31 wt% solvent in dentinal (P = 0.027), 31 wt% and 0 wt% in enamel (P = 0.021), also 0 wt% and control in enamel (P = 0.039), and dentinal margins microleakage (P = 0.004). The microleakage in dentinal margins was higher than enamel margins (P
    Conclusion
    The adhesive containing 31 wt% solvent showed the least marginal microleakage, presence of POSS filler may also result in the reduction of microleakage.
    Keywords: Bonding agent, micro, leakage, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes methacrylate
  • Sameera Shamim Khan, Balasundari Shreedhar, Mala Kamboj Page 521
    Background
    The study was undertaken to correlate epithelial surface pattern changes of oral exfoliated cells of tobacco smokers and betel nut chewers and also to compare them with patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross‑sectional study, a total of fifty persons were included in the study, out of which thirty formed the study group (15 each tobacco smokers and betel nut chewers) and twenty formed the control group (ten each of OSCC patients – positive control and ten normal buccal mucosa – negative control). Their oral exfoliated cells were scraped, fixed, and studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The statistical analysis was determined using ANOVA, Tukey honestly significant difference, Chi‑square test, and statistical SPASS software, P
    Results
    OSCC, Individual cell modifications, intercellular relationships and surface characteristics observed by scanning electron microscopy between OSCC, tobacco smokers, betel nut chewers compared to normal oral mucosa have been tabulated.
    Conclusion
    In normal oral mucosa, cell surface morphology depends on the state of keratinization of the tissue. Thus, it could prove helpful in detecting any carcinomatous change at its incipient stage and also give an insight into the ultra-structural details of cellular differentiations in epithelial tissues..
    Keywords: Betel nut, chewing, oral, Exfoliated, cells, scanning electron microscopy, tobacco smoke, ultrastructure, analysis
  • Daryoush Goodarzi Pour, Banafsheh Arzi, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri Page 527
    Background
    Objective
    The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of slice thickness on the visibility of inferior alveolar canal (IAC) in cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
    Materials And Methods
    CBCT images of thirty patients (15 male and 15 female) with an age range between 40–50 years old were used. Cross‑sectional images were obtained with 0.5, 1, and 2 mm slice thickness and 2 mm interval. Two oral radiologists with at least 5 years’ of experience observed all of the 90 images and rated the images based on the visibility of IAC in a 4‑score classification (highly visible, visible, nearly visible, nearly invisible). Friedman test was used for the comparison of visibility of IAC in different slice thicknesses. To do the above test, the average of the scores of two examiners was calculated. A P. value below 0.05 was considered significant.
    Results
    Visibility of IAC in different slice thicknesses of both raters showed no significant difference (P = 0.20).
    Conclusion
    Within the limitations of this study the slice thickness has no effect on visibility of IAC in cross‑sectional images. Future studies on other multiplanar images are recommended
    Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, cross, section, inferior alveolar nerve
  • Nupur Sharma, Kittu Jain, Soumik Kabasi Page 532
    Background
    Knowledge of dental students’ expectations of their profession as well as their attitudes to study a particular specialty of dentistry is of great importance. These attitudes and expectations make studying dentistry meaningful to dental students and society and understanding these factors facilitate workforce planning in the dental sector The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of dental students towards considering Public Health Dentistry as their future career.
    Materials And Methods
    A questionnaire‑based, cross‑sectional survey was conducted, which included the 3rd year, 4th fourth year and dental interns studying in the State of Odisha. It consisted of 27 questions that were graded on 5‑point Likert scale. The responses for the attitude questions toward selecting Public Health Dentistry for postgraduation were categorized into three factors, which are a negative attitude (includes score 0–21), neutral attitude (score 22–44), and positive attitude (score 45–64). Differences between groups were examined using Chi‑square test for proportions. The level of statistical significance was set at P
    Results
    Among 886 respondents, 302 (34.08%) were males and 584 (65.91%) were females. One‑third (33.52%) of them had a positive attitude toward selecting public health dentistry as their future career, and nearly two‑third of them (58.23%) had neutral attitude, with very few students having a negative attitude (8.23%) toward the specialty for pursuing postgraduation.
    Conclusion
    Respondents had a considerable amount of interest in pursuing postgraduation in this specialty. Efforts should be intensified, both by the dental council and by the dental colleges, to develop this specialty, keeping in mind the increasing attitude of dental undergraduates toward it.
    Keywords: Attitude, career choice, dental students, Public Health Dentistry
  • Adepu Srilatha, Dolar Doshi, M. Padma Reddy, Suhas Kulkarni, B. Srikanth Reddy, Sahithi Reddy Page 544
    Background
    To assess and compare physical activity based on age, gender, marital status, education, and employment among dental health professionals in Hyderabad City, India.
    Materials And Methods
    A cross‑sectional questionnaire study was conducted among dentists and they were personally interviewed by a single trained interviewer. The frequency (in days) and time (in minutes) spent in doing vigorous‑ and moderate‑intensity activity in a typical week in three domains and sedentary behavior were assessed using 16‑item Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Metabolic equivalents (METs) were used to express the intensity of physical activities.
    Results
    Overall, 60.7% of the 313 respondents were physically active, with activity at work and commuting activity were the main contributors of physical activity. With increasing age, there was a decrease in physical activity with more sedentary behavior, professionals in age group of 21–30 years, who were single, those with Bachelor’s Degree and those in teaching field performed activity at work, commuting, and recreational activity for more minutes with overall high MET minutes per week and least sedentary behavior.
    Conclusion
    The prevalence of physical activity was high among dental health professionals.
    Keywords: Dental, professionals, physical activity, questionnaire, survey
  • Pedro Christian Aravena, Pedro Christian Aravena, Camila Valeria, Nicol, Aacute, S. Nu, Ntilde, Ez, Francisco Perez‑, Rojas, Cesar Coronado Page 560
    The anesthetic block of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is one of the most common techniques used in dental practice. The local complications are due to the failures on the anesthetic block or to anatomic variations in the tap site such as intravascular injection, skin ischemia and ocular problems. The aim of this article is to present a case and discuss the causes of itching and burning sensation, blanching, pain and face ischemia in the oral cavity during the IAN block.
    Keywords: Anesthesia, inferior alveolar, nerve block, ischemia, local, mandibular nerve