فصلنامه راهبرد فرهنگ
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1387)

The present article is an attempt to remove some ambiguities and reject the idea of paradoxicality from the concept of religious intellectuality. The findings of the present study indicate that the approach to paradoxically or non-paradoxicality is effective in facilitation or prohibition of secularization of religion. Conceptual review of components of this complex concept shows that in case of commitment to letter and spirit of religiosity and intellectuality there will be no contradiction between them rather they support each other. Reflection on the meanings of religious intellectualism also clarifies that the attitude of paradoxicality is firstly related to modern religiosity and secondly it stems from misunderstanding of reason and power of election. Another finding of the present research indicates that the only solution to prevent infliction with this fate is first of all a non-paradoxical attitude towards religious intellectuality and secondly a new thinking about religion and finally having an approach to intellectuality and new thinking beyond the Modern approach and of course commitment to intellectuality, religiosity and preservation of its principles and requirements.

Through a strategic approach, attempts have been made in the present study to analyze the weak and strong points of the state educational system as well as the opportunities and threats in order to pathologically study the creativity growth of this system. Also relying on the experiences of other countries and strategic analysis of the domestic system, the methods for promotion of creativity in major educational plans have been discussed. In analyzing intra-organizational factors, the issues related to the teachers and students as well as the educational structure and contents of the educational materials have been studied. In analyzing the extra-organizational factors, attempts have been made to study the threats and opportunities in four fields: political-legal, social, economic and cultural fields. In the end relying on strategic analytical method, certain solutions such as the following are suggested:• Offering training courses on creativity skills and methods of creative thinking in teacher training centers and offering on-the-job training courses• Training and promotion of proper methods of establishing emotional relations and mutual confidence building between teachers and students• Teaching active, two-sided and participative learning methods to the teachers• Applying indictors related to incentive and interest in teaching at the time of employment of the teachers • Promotion of the spirit of innovation and risking as well as lack of fear of social rejection and failure among the students• Designing education evaluation schemes based on creative problem solvingand assessment of creativity of students instead of mere memorization of lessons• Paying attention to scientific principles of audience analysis and need assessment at the time of preparation of curriculum• Observation of justice at the time of distribution and utilization of educational spaces and facilities

The present paper is an attempt to study different practical and theoretical aspects of media monopoly in contemporary era. Given the importance of the role of media in the formation of public opinion and creation of a collective social sense, such concepts as free flow of information and its contradiction with the existing realities have been described. The hypothesis of the present paper is that the trend of hegemony over mega-media in the world is a goal-oriented move by minority which has started dominating the media since 19th century. An analysis of the monopolistic Zionist move to dominate the US and international mega-media will shed light on the facts about the media coverage in all arenas of message. Also attempts have been made in the present paper to discuss the theories of cultural domination and effect of media in cultural influence as well as the responsibility of the target countries in confronting the dangerous influence of the Zionist media.

From renaissance till date, science and knowledge have found a new position to the extent that today science and experience have become intertwined. A philosophical approach to the nature of developments, which led to this intertwinement, shows that this kind of approach to science is harmful. It has not had any precedence in the history of thought and its spread – particularly in our society – has added to the problems in the process of promotion of science. The problem is that due to the weakness of philosophy in the middle ages and the problems that surfaced in the field of philosophical thought about the nature of science and knowledge from Descartes to Kant, gradually the normative issues were taken out of the fieldof science and knowledge and in the theoretical field experiment became the only means for understanding of the outside reality. The positivists fixed the problem and Popper who was determined to defend the logical and epistemological identity of science, maintained that only the knowledge, which is open to experiment, is science and classified episteme into scientific and unscientific ones. Hence he unconsciously paved the way for the replacement of sociology of knowledge with the issues related to epistemology of knowledge to the extent that the ensuing philosophers of science – who play the role of metaphysical philosophers of modern world – openly submitted scientology to sociology, falling into the bosom of relativism, while neither experiment is the determinant of experimental sciences nor method can be basically a proper criterion for classification of sciences. The outlet is first of all return to classification ofsciences on the basis of subjects not method; secondly subjecting the methodology of every science to the proper understanding of its subject matter; and thirdly retuning the normative issues to the field of science and giving the theoretical and practical subjects their due role.

The present paper is an attempt to study the illogical beliefs of the students of Shiraz University in 2009. The sample of the present study consists of 400 students – boys and girls – who were selected through cluster sampling method. Out of the selected students 311 fully completed Johns Illogical Beliefs Test (IBT). The Friedman non-parametric test was used to analyze the garnered data. The rank of the items in the ten variables of the illogical beliefs and in questions related to each variable were comparatively studied. The findings of the study show that:1. Perfectionism(P),anxious over concern(AO),high self expectations (HSE),frustration reaction(FR) and preparedness for blame (BP) had the highest scores among Johns variables of illogical beliefs. This indicates that the tested students think more illogically regarding these five variables compared to other variables. Emotional irresponsibility(EI), problem avoidance(PA),demand for approval(DA),helplessness for change(HC) and Dependence (D)have respectively the lowest scores.2. The findings of the present paper also indicate that gender does not have any affect on illogical beliefs.3. Another finding of the present paper is that the degree and kind of answers of the boys and girls to the questions related to ten variables significantly differ.

The present paper is an attempt to study the indicators of organizational culture through a cultural pathological approach. Hence such indicators as innovation and risking, motivation, identity (loyalty), solidarity and integration, common goals, stability, result orientation, communications, teamwork, and emphasis on practice and control method have been used to test the formulated hypotheses. The questionnaire used for the present research was designed and standardized by the researcher. The sample constituted of all the managers and employees of a private electrical company. The sampling method was random sampling. A series of t-tests and other statistical methods were used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the research indicate that there is a significant gap between the existing situation and the ideal situation. Also the mean of risking and innovation, identity, integrity, solidarity and common goals regarding the existing situation is less than the average mean, while the means of other variables are more than the average mean. Some suggestions have been proposed finally for the improvement of the situation.

The present paper is an attempt to discuss the obstacles and ways of establishment of electronic cities in Iran. The data for the present study were collected through questionnaire. The sample constituted 360 experts of ICT. The findings of the present study indicate that four practices are effective in the formation of electronic cities: electronic government, electronic live, electronic organization and electronic infrastructure.