فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1394)

Iranian music industry suffers from many problems. This threatens indigenous culture and identity. The aim of paper is to investigate the main causes of the problems and provide solutions for them. For that end, first interviews with 14 activists in music affairs in order to identify the problems. Then, solutions for each of the problem using innovation system approach were provided. Thereafter Fuzzy Delphi method has been used to choose the most consensus problems and solutions.    
As the concluding remark, the research shows that the main reason for the problems is disorder in innovation system of music industry, and organizing innovation system in music industry is the best way to address that. In the other words, many of the current problems can be mitigated by creating and strengthening policy-making bodies, financing, creating indigenous music, developing human resources and the production of musical goods and services. However, consensus could not be reached on the importance of supporting entrepreneurship and religious- social research in the creation of music.

The main objective of this paper is to examine causality between ICT indicators and income inequality in Iran during the period 1994-2013. In other words, does the information and communication technologies, increasing income inequality in Iran or vice versa, income inequality is causality the availability of information and communication technology? And is there a feedback between them? To analyze, we use annual time series including unit root test and two Methods casual bounds test approaches based on unrestricted error correction model (UECM) (Pesaran et al. (2001)) as well as Toda and Yamamoto's Granger non-causality test (1995). Findings show a one-way causality from income inequality to all ICT indicators. This means that income inequality in the country will lead to the expansion of the digital divide.

This study examines the structural and functional changes of higher education autonomy in five years higher education program’s documents science the Islamic revolution of Iran. Theoretical basis of this study is a combination of system theory and theories presented in the ground of higher education governance models and functions of higher education autonomy. The purpose of researcher in this study was to investigate and describe the process of structural (governance models in higher education) and functional changes of Iranian higher education autonomy during the five developmental programs. For this purpose, quantitative content analysis approach and interview is used. The content analysis Prevalence of issues related to higher education governance models and functions of academic freedom in the context of the five development programs. The purpose of the interview and its position in this research are to collect complementary information related to the research subject and explain and the findings of the research. The statistical population of content analysis is the documents related to the five developmental programs in the country. Research Examples include on the statistical population. The tool used for content analysis includes coding worksheets for three models of governance and functions of higher education autonomy. To analyze the data descriptive and inferential statistics such as the chi-square test was used. In the interview, the researcher collected data from semi-structured questions.The sample consisted of thirty experts who conducted the study were chosen. For the analysis of interview closed questions, chi-square test, kruskal-wallis and U mann–whitney test was used to. The research findings are presented in three sections that in the first part, the findings of the content analysis, in the second part, the findings from the interviews with experts and in the third section, comparing the findings of the content analysis with interviews are discussed. In general, a look at the progression of structural (models of governance in higher education) and functional changes of higher education autonomy within five developmental programs, it is considered a change in the orientation and attitudes of planners and policymakers from state-centered models of governance to the Humboldt and market-oriented models occurred that in consequence of this change of attitude, attention to some of the higher education autonomy functions in the third, fourth and fifth developmental programs, has been more than other developmental programs. Positive correlation indicates that the interaction between structural and functional aspects of higher education autonomy during developmental programs.

Considering the importance of higher education in the society and the effects of technology developments on society, in this paper the alternative scenarios of higher education in Iran affected by information technology (IT) in the 1404 time horizon are discussed. At first, the most important drivers of higher education are reviewed, then considering the higher education circumstances and experts’ opinions, the most important uncertainties and key factors that construct higher education in the 1404 time horizon are identified. Using combined scenariowriting, in the next step four scenarios, “Domestic hedge”, “flauntingly Cypress”, “Rainbow Rose” and “Lilac” that are affected by technological factors are developed. Possibility of these four scenarios in 1404 time horizon provides appropriate framework for decision makers to set policies for the higher education system.

This paper tries to determine the groups of public attitudes to science and technology with two main aspects of knowledge and attitudes in Iran. Therfore a questionnaire consisting of indicators and variables obtained from the experiences of other countries and the viewpoints of Iranian experts was set. The questionnaires with a series of open and closed questions were distribued among 300 residents of Tehran as the research sample. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using explanatory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The most important findings of this research show the existence of five attitudinal groups to science among the respondents, that are "indifferents to science", "believers to science",” lovers  of science", "supporters of science" and "unbelievers to science."