فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1394)

Science, technology and innovation domain can be known as one of the most important and strategic issues in Iran, which considered a lot specially in the recent years. National innovation system, as a comprehensive outlook for players of this area and their relationships, can help us improve it. Innovation intermediaries are an important part of NIS which make coordinative and synergic relationships among different players of NIS (governmental bodies, universities, industries and private part), which worked as isolated islands before. This article, begins first by introducing innovation intermediary bodies as an important part of NIS, then it follows by definition, scientific literature and a comprehensive classification of previous researches in this area. Then we will present an overview of innovation intermediary institutions in Iran in three branches of government, university and industry. By doing interviews and using related documents, we gathered necessary data for this research and by using a grounded theory method with Glaserian approach (emergent and spontaneous) and as the innovation of this research we finally introduce corridor of innovation intermediaries and explain functions of each of them. The result, is shown in a diagram according the growth path of knowledge based firms and their related functions of innovation intermediaries in each level of their growth.

One of the most important issues knowledge based companies are facing is Learning Technological capabilities. Analyzing the pattern of learning those technological capabilities and the required time for moving from each stage of capability to another one forms the central questions of this paper. For this purpose, four Knowledge based companies in electronics equipment industry are analyzed and the factors influencing on their pattern of learning are discussed. Deep interviews and documents are the main sources of information for this study. No meaningful relation between the time and the pattern of learning technological capabilities has been found. The pattern of learning technological capabilities was very similar; although there were some differences among them. Technological capabilities regarding the product are very important for them. Crucial events have been found as very important factors in determining the speed of learning in those firms, which could be seen as a good target for policy making.

Operations Research is a series of models for studying the organizational issues. Classic models of this field is to optimize and they focus on the quantitative, objective and measurable values. There are many problems that shareholders and values of them seem various, so traditional logic in these issues is ineffective. The researchers have presented the normative scenario for OR by using discourse ethics approach of Habermas and the triple values in this theory. Haberma's approach is selected because of its comprehensive compared with other approaches such as utilitarianism and Kantian perspective. The values of Haberma's approach include: pragmatic values, ethical values and moral values. According to these values, three models were identified. These models are: pragmatic models, participative models and normative models. In addition to these models, a desirable and mixed model has been introduced for the organizational problems. Plural models are looking to improve and focus on multiple values and rationality. These models are based on the philosophy of critical pragmatism. Finally, researcher's classification was compared with the Keeney's approach and was suggested benefits.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the bill of Islamic-Iranian model of progress on the basis of Islamic requirements of progress in science and technology. For this purpose, the bill analyzed, in both theoretical and practical (executive) aspects, with the method of content analysis. The data collection method is based on the Literature and questionnaire survey and its validity has been calculated (determined) by Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was 92%. The target population was professors and experts in the fields of philosophy of science and technology, policy of science and technology, Islamic philosophy and religious studies and 30 of them were selected as sample. Toanalyzethedata, descriptive statistics andqualitativeanalyzeswere used. The result showed that, in theoretical aspect, the bill covered 85% of the Islamic requirements of progress in science and technology which is considered as basics of Islamic insight and values in science and technology. But in most cases, the categories are expressed in brief and abstract titles. But in the operational aspects, unfortunately, 81.5% of requirements aren’t cover. Finally the researcher came to the conclusion that although most of the basics are inserted in the bill, it has not a correct understanding about the destination, which is implementation of science and technology system based on these basics. That is because of a lack of precisetheoretical model beyond the bill.

This article aims to analyze the content of main documents related to science and technology to be used in formulating the Sixth Development Plan. This research examines higher documents related to science and technology, including main policies for science and technology, main policies for resilient economy, national master plan for science and education, Iran's vision 2015 and the 5th national Development Plan. These documents were studied based on policy objectives, policy instruments and target groups, and the related articles were analyzed. The research method is summarizing qualitative content analysis. This means that at first the assessment framework is provided and then content analysis is performed based on its components. The results show that the research capacity enhancement and the technology and innovation performance are the most emphsized policy objectives. In terms of policy instruments and based on the type of government intervention, financial support for supply-side encouragement and macro conditions policies have the highest frequency. On the other hand, policies for strengthening the demand side as well as catalytic financial supports based on the type of intervention and strengthening policies for knowledge workers in the private sector have the lowest frequency among policy instruments. The results show that the formulation of science and technology related provisions requires attention to wide range of policy objectives and instruments as well as a wise mix of instruments to be more effective.

The shortcomings and limitations of the popular innovation models which have come to light in recent years, illustrates the necessity of developing new innovation models. Besides, the need to consider differences in terms of Islamic ontology and local demands are other factors support the need for an Islamic- domestic innovation models. Thus, this paper intends to propose a preliminary step towards an Islamic model of innovation. The method employed in this research is that of Hermeneutics and by this method, the nature of Islamic model of innovation and its characteristics have been described.