فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 30، تابستان 1395)

One of the basic engineering and scientific research motivation in nanotechnology scale is society's widespread goals. In balanced approach of society's effect of technology development not only society's advantages but also unpredicted effects are emphasized. Morphology as a pre-evaluation of policy making ensures that it has considered alternative goals and uncertainties of society's effects of technology development besides balanced approach of development and various conditions of future. In this paper we have used morphology as a scenario planning approach for extracting possible future scenarios. This paper has concentrated on value of technology development and its relationship in various scopes. Final results show that using morphology in a cooperative and organized process can help the policy makers to reach the agreement and commitment to output. Furthermore nanotechnology must be developed in desired time horizon in three scopes of energy, information and communication technology and medicine and pharmacy in order to make the desirable scenario of society's effect possible.

Fast growth of creative industries in recent years lead countries to pay special attention to creative industries in their economies. This leads governments to exert innovative policies to encourage companies to enter creative industries. This problem raises the question that how much money do the developing countries invest in creative industries and what is the role of innovative policies in companie's entry to creative industries. The objective of the present paper is to investigate the role of innovative policies in companie's entry to creative industries in Middle East and selected countries of Asia, Europe, America and Oceania using UNCTAD criteria of communication, financial and administrative factors. To do so, network externalities, bank's profitability and start up procedures were used as criteria for communication, financial and administrative factors, respectively. The results showed that network externalities and profitability of the banks have positive and significant relationship and start-up procedures have negative and significant relationship with firm's entrance to creative industries. These results are useful for policymakers to make better and much more precise policies in infrastructural, legal and financial sectors.

Scientific document centers are management centers for science and technology information. So, they could be considered as important mediators institutions of science and technology system in Iran. In order to investigate how these centers support institutions of science and technology policy and to ensure that there exist the relationships among these institutions, a framework is required to fill the existing gaps and find solutions for improving management and analyzing information for science and technology policy. According this, a model has been developed by mixed method in this study. Then, this model has been implemented in Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IRANDOC).Using this model, the situation of IRANDOC support of science and technology policy has been evaluated from the perspective of policy-makers and administrators and experts of IRANDOC. The results of the study show the current situation of IRANDOC support is not appropriate. Some of the activities that IRANDOC and other scientific document centers can do in support of policy-making included: Access to the infrastructure in the organization to create the knowledge and analytical information required by science and technology policy-makers; Strengthen and improve the processes of diffusion of knowledge and information required by science and technology policy-makers; Access to the infrastructure in the organization to achieve the satisfactory cooperation in science and technology policy-making; Access to the infrastructure in the organization to help to complete and strengthen the infrastructure, rules and regulations of Science and Technology; Illustrate the position of IRANDOC brand among the institutions of science and technology policy; Access to the infrastructure in the organization to set up and organize statistics systems, for scientific, research and technology information.

The Knowledge based economy is the modern economy that in which, the production, distribution and use of knowledge is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge based firms, are driver of Knowledge based economy. These firms have role in the synergy of science and wealth, development of Knowledge based economy, achievement to the scientific and economic objectives and commercialization of research and development in high technologies. However, due to inherent risks and specific characteristics, growth and sustainability is one of the challenges of these firms’ success. Despite the remarkable effectiveness of these firms, the statistics show that most of them are failed or remain small at the period and few of them be large. Also the successful entry into the market and compete has high uncertainty and several limitations. Therefore, the large number of firms, especially new firms, leave the market early after entering. The aim of this article is to provide a model to explain sustainability and the factors affecting the sustainability of Knowledge based firms in Iran. In this article, concept model and questionnaire is designed after reviewing the literature and an assortment of some of the factors affecting the sustainability of Knowledge based firms, with an emphasis on depth interviews with 12 of managers and experts in field of Knowledge based firms. Finally, the questionnaire was run with the participation of 330 managers of firms located in S&T parks. The results of this study showed that the sustainability is formed of 4 components, including financial results, market outcomes, innovation results and entrepreneurshio results. Secondly, the factors affecting the sustainability of Knowledge based firms, have two main components, including internal factors consisting of 2 factors: individual founders factors and corporative factors and also external factors consisting of 2 factors: the characteristics of business and innovation system components.

The difference that exist between developed and developing countries, is technology particularly advanced technology. One of the advanced technologies is biotechnology that so interesting in recent years and achieved many successes in the domestic and international level. Biotechnology is one of the newest technologies which increase the agricultural productivity, accelerating recovery of diseases, eliminate environmental pollution and so on, to expand and its dissemination need to take measures that commercialization of technology is one of the most important ones. Today publishing paper and access to technical knowledge of new compounds in this field not hard, however, country has serious weaknesses in market entry and commercialization of biotech products. Technology pricing is one of the main steps in commercialization. Accordingly, this research sought to create a new framework to facilitate commercialization of technologies in the field of biotechnology through developing a model for the valuation and ranking of patents in this field. On this basis by deductive content analysis, effective criteria on technology pricing were derived from literature of this field, then were available to experts for allocating weight to each of criteria, weighting to the criteria was conducted by Fuzzy Logarithmic Least Squares Method (FLLSM), in the next stage by using the database at biotech development department of Presidential Deputy for Science and Technology and other biotech centers in the country, were extracted information of 54 registered patents in the quintuple areas of biotechnology (including marine biotechnology, ecology, chemistry, medicine, agriculture). Finally, patents of this applied areas were ranked by using Fuzzy Graph Theory and Matrix Approach (FGTMA). The results of this research revealed that market criteria are the most important effective parameters on technology value. Furthermore, attractive areas in the biotech sector are as follows: environment, agriculture, medicine, chemistry and sea.

Public policies are instruments of governments for managing public affairs. Therefore their success or failure depends on the implementation of such policies is wisely and tactfully.Sometimes in political systems,emerged a kind of public policy with following charactristic:lack of policy regime and a programme theory ,suffering from a kind of inner contradictions , have not a articulated policy design,its purpose is transfer or decreasing public expenditures, have not an integrated monitoring and evaluation system , ascend to high politicization and …The author have called such policies as "getting rid of" public policies and claimed there are some degree of this type of policies in all countries. Several factors leading to the formation of such policies and these kind of policies have impacts on attittude, language and behavour of people. The purpose of this article is to describe the conceptual foundations, formation, and exploring antecedents and concequences of such policies.