فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume:17 Issue: 1, Jan 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/11/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Asghar Ghasemi , Zahra Bahadoran , Azita Zadeh, Vakili , Seyed Ali Montazeri, Farhad Hosseinpanah* Page 1
    The materials and methods (M&M) section is the heart of a scientific paper and is subject to initial screening of the editor to decide whether the manuscript should be sent for external review. If the M&M section of a scientific paper be considered as a recipe, its ingredients would be who, what, when, where, how, and why. M&M should effectively respond to the study question/hypothesis using the following basic elements including materials, study design, study population/subjects or animals, methods of measurements/assessments, and statistical analysis. A well-organized M&M permits other scientists to evaluate the study findings and repeat the experiments. Although there are several disciplinary differences in the M&M, similar dos and don’ts may be considered to organize a well-written M&M. Briefly, authors need to provide clear-cut, adequate, and detailed information in the M&M section. In this review, the structure, the principles, and the most common recommendations for writing the M&M section are provided, both in general and study-specific; these could help authors effectively prepare the M&M section of a scientific biomedical manuscript.
    Keywords: Materials, Methods, Medical Writing, Medical Scientific Journals
  • Atefeh Zeinolabedini , Akbar Biglarian , Behjat Seifi , Enayatollah Bakhshi * Page 2

    Context: To obtain accurate and reliable estimation of overall obesity odds ratio (OR) a statistical method is needed to be designed to account for heterogeneity among studies. The marginal beta-binomial model is a new method with attractive features that make it robust for meta-analysis.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study is the estimation of overall obesity OR among Iranian adults with particularly attention to age, sex, place of residence, and smoking status. Data Sources: We systematically reviewed all studies regarding obesity in Iranian adults in national and international journals that are published between 1990 and 2017, including PubMed, Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, Magiran, and IranMedex. The R software was used for data analysis and obtaining overall obesity OR using the marginal beta-binomial model.
    Results
    A total of 18 studies, with a sample size of 258283, were included in our analysis. Results showed that increasing age, female sex, and residence in urban areas increases the odds of obesity. Using the age group 20 - 30 years as the reference, the overall obesity ORs for 30 - 40, 40 - 50, 50 - 60, and 60+ years were 2.13, 3.33, 3.15, and 2.33, respectively. The overall obesity OR for women was 2.35, compared with men. The estimated odds of obesity were 53% higher for urban adults. Smoking has a negative effect on obesity; the OR of obesity for smokers was 0.48 compared with non-smokers.
    Conclusion
    Consistent results in our research can be used as a basis to reinforce health programs for prevention and treatment of obesity in Iran.
    Keywords: Obesity, OR, Marginal Beta-Binomial
  • Behrouz Salehian*_Simon Y Liem _Hoda Mojazi Amiri _Ellie Maghami Page 3
      Context: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is associated with rapid tumor growth and extremely poor prognosis. Although ATC is found in only 2% of all thyroid carcinomas, it accounts for up to 50% of thyroid cancer mortality.
    Objective
    To understand the effect of different treatment modalities upon anaplastic thyroid cancer outcomes.
    Methods
    A systematic review of studies from 1995 to 2017 was performed employing the search terms “anaplastic thyroid” and “treatment” in PubMed. Studies comparing patients receiving any type of therapy for ATC and measuring either survival as primary outcome or the percentage of patient surviving more than 1 year as secondary outcome were included for review. We did not limit sample size or subject condition. A total of 40 articles were returned from our database search, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria.
    Results
    A review of the 25 published studies indicated that early multidisciplinary approaches using extensive radical surgery, in combination with adjuvant chemo-radiation using either docetaxel/pacitaxel or cisplatin, provided the best chance of disease control. Targeted multi-tyrosine kinases inhibitors helped to limit disease progression. Also, the finding of foci of differentiated thyroid cancer within the anaplastic tumor was associated with increased long-term survival.
    Conclusions
    ATC remains a fatal disease. Despite aggressive therapy the median survival has not significantly changed over the last 20 years. However, the percentage of patients surviving longer than 1 year continues to increase. Novel approaches incorporating multiple targeted therapy and immune therapies are critically needed.
    Keywords: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Clinical Trial, Surgery, Chemotherapy Chemoradiotherapy, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
  • Qianqian Song, Xinxin Chen, Yang Su, Zhen XieShu Wang, Bin Cui * Page 4

     

    Objectives

    To investigate the associations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) with body mass index (BMI) and the effect of age and gender on these relationships in a large Chinese population.

    Methods

    A total of 97,997 individuals from a health examination center were selected. The medians (25th and 75th) of TSH, FT3 and FT4 were used to explore the trends based on gender, 10-year age groups and BMI. The relationships of TSH, FT3 and FT4 with BMI were assessed by generalized additive models (GAM) along with adjusting the effect of age and gender.

    Results

    After applying our exclusion criteria, 77,991 euthyroid participants (45,428 males and 32,563 females) were analyzed. The medians of TSH level based on BMI groups were significantly higher in female participants than those in males in all age groups (P < 0.05), and the median FT3 level was lower in female subjects; however, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects in median FT4 level. The GAM analysis showed the non-linear positive association of TSH and FT3 with BMI, and these relationships were markedly influenced by age and gender. However, FT4 had a negative relationship with BMI, with neglectable effect of age and gender.

    Conclusions

    TSH, FT3 and BMI have a non-linear and positive quadratic relationship after age and gender adjustment. FT4, however, has a negative non-linear relationship with BMI with neglectable influence of age and gender.

    Keywords: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Free Triiodothyronine, Free Thyroxine, Body Mass Index, Generalized Additive Models
  • Reihaneh Darvish Damavandi , Seyedeh Neda Mousavi , Farzad Shidfar*, Vida Mohammadi , Asadollah Rajab , Sharieh Hosseini, Javad Heshmati Page 5
     
    Background
    Cashews, as the main source of monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids, are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Despite evidence for beneficial effects of nuts on lipid profile and glycemic control, to the authors’ best knowledge, little is known about cashews.
    Methods
    An eight-week, randomized, isocaloric, controlled-feeding study was conducted on 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group (10% of total calorie from cashews). Weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin concentration and sensitivity, lipid profile ratio, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were measured at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention adjusted for age, gender, baseline values of FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), fiber, and both baseline and post-intervention vitamin C levels as covariates.
    Results
    Weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were not significantly different in the groups after eight weeks of intervention, as well as between the two groups, compared with the baseline measures. At the end of the study, serum insulin and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio significantly decreased in the cashews group compared with those of the controls (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Although, HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the cashews group (P = 0.03), changes were not significant compared with the baseline measures (P = 0.056). Despite more increase in PON-1 activity in the cashews group, the changes were not statistically significant.
    Conclusions
    Daily consumption of cashews reduced serum insulin and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in patients with T2DM. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and more duration are needed to confirm the current study results
    Keywords: Cashews_Nut_Total Antioxidant Capacity_Atherogenic Indices_Type 2 Diabetes
  • Luca Nicosia* _Chiara Reverberi _Linda Agolli _Luca Marinelli _Vitaliana De Sanctis _Giuseppe Minniti _Maurizio Valeriani _Mattia F Osti Page 6
     
    Background
    Orbital radiotherapy (RT) is an effective and consolidate treatment for steroid-refractory Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO); however, long term effects are not well known.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term efficacy and toxicity of orbital RT plus concomitant systemic steroids in a population of patients with moderate-to-severe GO or with eyesight threatening symptoms refractory to steroids.
    Methods
    Forty patients with moderate-to-severe GO or with eyesight threatening symptoms not responsive/resistant to steroids were treated with orbital RT at the dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions plus concomitant steroids. Clinical activity score (CAS) and symptoms status were evaluated to determine response to the treatment.
    Results
    We reported overall improvement of symptoms, in particular, a regression at 1-year of diplopia in 32.5% eye movement impairment in 42.5%, eyesight in 27.5% and a 2 point reduction in CAS. After a median time of 56 months 21.9% of the patients underwent orbital decompression for relapse of GO, 4.8% received surgical correction of strabismus, and 2.4% received eyelid lipectomy. Acute toxicity was mild; grade 1 - 2 keratitis occurred in 19.5% of the patients and grade 3 keratitis was observed in 2.4% of the patients. Cataract occurred in 7.4% of the patients after a median time of 24-month-follow-up. No secondary malignancies were reported.
    Conclusions
    Our results reported the long-term efficacy and the good tolerance of orbital RT. The combination of RT plus steroids in this setting may avoid or delay performing the surgery in some cases.
    Keywords: Graves’ Ophthalmopathy, Orbital Radiotherapy, Steroids, Clinical Activity Score, Thyroid Disease, 3D Conformal Radiotherapy
  • Mette Eskild Bornstedt*_Nina Gjerlaugsen _Milaim Pepaj _May K L Bredahl_Per M Thorsby Page 7
     
    Background
    Vitamin D affects the pancreatic beta cell function and in vitro studies have shown that vitamin D may influence insulin secretion, apoptosis, and gene regulation. However, the outcomes have differed and there has been uncertainty regarding the effect of different vitamin D metabolites on insulin secretion.
    Objectives
    We hypothesized that vitamin D could increase insulin secretion in insulin producing beta cells and investigated the effect of 25(OH) vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D on insulin secretion.
    Methods
    The study was conducted in INS1E cells, an established insulinoma cell line from rat. The cells were divided into three groups; a control group, a group with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D enriched medium (10 nM), and a group with 25(OH) vitamin D (10 nM) supplemented medium. After 72 hours of treatment, the cells underwent glucose stimulation at different concentrations (0, 5, 11, and 22 mM) for 60 minutes.
    Results
    INS1E cells treated with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D showed a trend towards increased insulin secretion at all glucose concentrations compared to control cells and at 22 mM glucose, the difference was significant (18.40 +/- 1.97 vs 12.90 +/- 2.22 nmol/L, P < 0.05). However, pretreatment with 25(OH) vitamin D did not show any significant increase in insulin secretion compared to cells without vitamin D treatment. There was no difference in insulin secretion in cells not stimulated with glucose.
    Conclusions
    Treatment with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D combined with high levels of glucose increased insulin secretion in INS1E cells, whereas 25(OH) vitamin D had no effect. This suggests that glucose stimulated insulin secretion in INS1E beta cells appears to be related to the type of vitamin D metabolite treatment.
    Keywords: Vitamin D, Diabetes, Metabolism, INS1E Cells, Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion (GSIS)