فهرست مطالب

Arya Atherosclerosis
Volume:12 Issue: 2, Mar 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/02/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mohammad Abdolazimi, Alireza Khosravi, Masoumeh SadeghiÝ, Abdollah Mohammadian, HafshejaniÝ, Nizal SarrafzadeganÝ, Hamid SalehiniyaÝ, Jafar Golshahi Pages 59-67
    Background
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in the world and Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of short-term survival from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in early and late patients in the Najafabad and Isfahan County, Iran.
    Methods
    This hospital-based cohort study was conducted using the hospital registry of 1999-2009 in Iran. All patients (n = 14426) with an AMI referred to hospitals of Isfahan and Najafabad were investigated. To determine prognostic factors of short-term (28-days) survival in early and late patients, unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression.
    Results
    The short-term (28-day) survival rate of early and late patients was 96.6 and 89.4% (P
    Conclusion
    Short-term survival rate was higher in early patients than in late patients. In addition, case fatality rate (CFR) of AMI in women was higher than in men. In both groups, sex, age, an atomic location of myocardial infarction based on the International Classification of Disease, Revision 10 (ICD10), cardiac enzymes, and clinical symptoms were significant predictors of survival in early and late patients following AMI.
    Keywords: Myocardial Infarction, Survival Rate, Early, Late, Regression Analysis, Iran
  • Fatameh Karimpour, Ghorban Mohammadzadeh, Alireza Kheirollah, Mohammad Ali Ghaffari, Azadeh Saki Pages 68-75
    Background
    Colesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in the metabolism of lipoproteins; therefore, polymorphisms of its gene can affect susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to investigate association between I405V polymorphism of CETP gene and risk of CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Methods
    The current case-control study was conducted on 143 patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographically diagnosed CAD and 150 patients with type 2 diabetes and without CAD. Genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The presence of CAD was defined as higher than 50% reduction in coronary artery diameter.
    Results
    The genotype frequencies of I405V polymorphism were II (27.3% vs. 23.2%), IV (61.5% vs. 67.5%), and VV (11.2% vs. 9.3%) in diabetic with CAD compared to diabetic without CAD (χ2 = 1.164) (P = 0.55). The I and V alleles were found at frequencies of 63.6% and 61.6% in the diabetic with CAD group and 36.4% and 38.4% in the diabetic without CAD group (χ2 = 0.263) (P = 0.60). No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of genotype and allele frequency. Moreover, no significant association was observed between II, IV, and VV genotypes and lipid profiles in both groups. However, a significant difference was observed between genotype distributions of I405V polymorphism in men according to the severity of CAD.
    Conclusion
    It is speculated that I405V polymorphism may be associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis only in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Keywords: Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein_Polymorphism_Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus_Coronary Artery Disease
  • Mahlagha Dehghan, Nahid Dehghan, Nayeri, Sedigheh Iranmanesh Pages 76-86
    Background
    Hypertension is a global public health crisis. Poorly controlled high blood pressure is one of the major factors contributed to this crisis. As lack of treatment adherence is often considered the main reason for this failure, the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patient with Hypertension (TAQPH) was developed. Since this questionnaire should be reliable and strongly valid to be used in clinics and research, this study was performed to test the reliability and validity of the TAQPH.
    Methods
    A cross-sectional study was conducted to validate the Persian version of TAQPH after using a modified forward/backward translation procedure. A total of 330 hypertensive patients were participated in this study. Construct and criterion validity, Cronbach¢s alpha, and test-retest reliability were used to validate the Persian scale.
    Results
    Data analysis showed that the scale had excellent stability (intraclass correlation = 0.95) and good acceptability of internal consistency (α = 0.80). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was meaningful but was not confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale score was correlated with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) score (Ρ = 0.27).
    Conclusion
    In total, most of the psychometric properties of the 25-item P-TAQHP achieved the standard level and were sufficient to recommend for general use.
    Keywords: Hypertension, Treatment Adherence, Validation, Questionnaires
  • Hassan Ahmadvand, Shahrokh Bagheri, Ahmad Tamjidi, Poor, Mostafa Cheraghi, Mozhgan Azadpour, Behrouz Ezatpour, Sanaz Moghadam, Gholamreza Shahsavari, Masumeh Jalalvand Pages 87-93
    Background
    Oleuropein is a natural antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. In the present study, we examined effect of oleuropein on the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, atherogenic indexes, and relationship of PON1 activity by high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherogenic indices in gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
    Methods
    This is a lab trial study in Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran (2013). 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups to receive saline; GM, 100 mg/kg/day; and GM plus oleuropein by 15 mg/kg intraperitoneal daily, respectively. After 12 days, animals were anesthetized, blood samples were also collected before killing to measure the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very LDL (VLDL), HDL-C, atherogenic index, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of PON1 of all groups were analyzed. Data were analyzed, and P
    Results
    Oleuropein significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient (AC), and cardiac risk ratio (CRR). HDL-C level was significantly increased when treated with oleuropein. The activity of PON1 in treated animals was (62.64 ± 8.68) that it was significantly higher than untreated animals (47.06 ± 4.10) (P = 0.047). The activity of PON1 in the untreated nephrotoxic rats was significantly lower than that of control animals (77.84 ± 9.43) (P = 0.030). Furthermore, the activity of PON1 correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with AC, CRR 1, and CRR 2 in the treated group with oleuropein.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that oleuropein improves PON1 activity, lipid profile, and atherogenic index and can probably decrease the risk of cardiovascular death in nephrotoxic patients.
    Keywords: Gentamicin, Paraoxonase 1, Lipid Peroxidation, Nephrotoxicity, Lipid, Rat, Atherogenic Index, Oleuropein
  • Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Katayoun Rabiei, Mousa Alavi, Roya Kelishadi, Leila Manzouri, Heidarali Abedi, Khadijeh Fereydoun, Mohaseli, Hasan Azaripour, Masooleh, Hamidreza Roohafza, Gholamreza Heidari Pages 94-99
    Background
    The epidemic of smoking is a great concern of health systems. Moreover, the number of smokers is increasing worldwide and this has led to an escalating trend of morbidity, mortality, and burden of smoking-related diseases. Therefore, monitoring the implementation of tobacco control laws in different countries is of extreme importance. This study aimed to describe policy makers’ experiences and perceptions of the facilitating factors of the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in Iran.
    Methods
    This was a qualitative research in which data were collected through individual interviews. The participants included policy makers who were members of the national assembly for tobacco control. In this study, 13 unstructured interviews of about 45 to 60 minutes duration were conducted in an extrapolative manner. The qualitative content analysis method was applied until extrapolation of basic themes was complete.
    Results
    As a result of the analysis, the themes of performance through training, through research, through intersectoral collaboration, and through setting priorities emerged. The emerged themes connote some critical points that have key roles in promoting the effective implementation of the WHO FCTC. Furthermore, the main role of the health sector becomes predominant.
    Conclusion
    The study findings suggested the managed and coordinated work as one of the main facilitating factors of the implementation of the WHO FCTC at a national level.
    Keywords: Tobacco, Policy Makers, Qualitative, WHO, FCTC, Iran
  • Ahmet Seyfeddin Gurbuz, Semi Ozturk, Emrah Acar, Suleyman Cagan Efe, Alev Kilicgedik, Cevat Kirma Pages 100-103
    Background
    Saphenous vein graft aneurysms (SVGAs) are rare seen issues after coronary artery bypass graft operation which may lead to major complications including compression of adjacent structure, myocardial ischemia, rupture, and even death.
    CASE REPORT: We report a patient with recurrent SVGA and its treatment by percutaneous intervention with a covered stent, the diagnostic and treatment procedure were based on contrast enhanced computed tomography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
    Discussion
    Multimodality imaging is required to demonstrate the true size and complications of the SVGA, the relationship among the adjacent structure, and to assess ischemia and size of myocardial territory supplied by the aneurysmal graft to decide treatment strategy.
    Keywords: Coronary Aneurysm, Saphenous Vein, Stents, Computed Tomography, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
  • Farshad Roghani, Dehkordi, Mehrdad Roghani Pages 104-108
    Background
    The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is of great clinical significance. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure of endothelium-intact aortic rings to simvastatin could have a vasorelaxant effect in diabetic rats.
    Methods
    For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) was used. After 1 month, the cumulative reaction of isolated endothelium-intact aortic rings was determined to KCl and phenylephrine (PE) in the absence and presence of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, i.e., nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, i.e., indomethacin. Meanwhile, the role of extracellular calcium was assessed in this respect.
    Results
    At the end of the study, the addition of simvastatin (at a concentration ≥ 10−5 M) caused a significant concentration-dependent relaxation response of PE-precontracted aortic rings for both control and diabetic groups (at a significant difference of P
    Conclusion
    The results of this study suggest that simvastatin is able to relax PE-precontracted aortic rings isolated from STZ-diabetic rats via modulation of NO- and prostaglandin-dependent signaling and its effect is not via modulation of calcium mobilization from intracellular stores.
    Keywords: Simvastatin, Aorta, Diabetes Mellitus
  • Masoud Pourmoghaddas, Alireza Khosravi, Mohammadreza Akhbari, Mojtaba Akbari, Mohamadreza Purbehi, Fereshteh Ziaei, Leyla Salehizade, Nahid Sistan, Masumeh Esmaeili, Peyman Bidram Pages 109-113
    Background
    Resistant hypertension is a common clinical problem of blood pressure that is not controlled despite the simultaneous application of multiple antihypertensive agents. Ablation of renal afferent nerves has been applied and proved to decrease hypertension and injuries produced by severe sympathetic hyperactivity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of renal artery sympathetic ablation and its complications in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension.
    Methods
    In this prospective study which done between March 2012 and November 2013, 30 patients with resistant arterial hypertension despite treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive drugs-were randomly enrolled in this self-control clinical study in Isfahan, Iran. The patients were treated with the renal denervation procedure; the femoral artery was accessed with the standard endovascular technique and the Symplicity catheter was advanced into the renal artery and connected to a radiofrequency generator. Before and 12 months after renal denervation procedure waist, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), metabolic syndrome, fasting blood sugar (FBS), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride were measured in all patients.
    Results
    Both mean SBP and DBP were significantly decreased, 12 months after renal denervation (P
    Conclusion
    This study highlighted the role of renal sympathetic denervation as a modern and secure catheter-based method for sustained reduction hypertension in treatment-resistant cases.
    Keywords: Hypertension Resistant, Renal Sympathetic Denervation, Renal Artery Ablation, ýAngiography, Renal Sympathectomy