فهرست مطالب
Arya Atherosclerosis
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Oct 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/01/05
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Pages 1-6BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests a relationship between sodium (Na) intake and obesity risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between 24-h urinary Na excretion and adiposity measures in a sample of Iranian children and adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed among 374 healthy individuals aged 11-18 years old. Random cluster sampling method was used to select the participants from 4 districts in Isfahan, Iran. Na excretion was estimated using a 24-h urinary sample. Creatinine (Cr) level was used to confirm the completeness of samples. Anthropometric measures including weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were obtained based on standard protocols.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for overweight/obesity in subjects with the highest tertile of Na excretion compared with the lowest tertile was 8.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.20-15.3] in crude model and 8.33 (95% CI 4.14-16.8) after adjusting for potential confounders. The association was independent of intake of energy and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). The OR for abdominal obesity in the highest tertile of Na excretion compared with the lowest tertile was 9.12 (95% CI 4.78- 17.4) in crude model and 9.75 (95% CI 4.88-19.5) after controlling for potential confounders. The association was independent of energy intake or SSBs consumption.ConclusionOur study showed a positive association between Na excretion and obesity among children and adolescents. Further investigation through longitudinal studies using a more representative sample of children and adolescents is suggested to determine whether this is a causal relationship.Keywords: Sodium, Obesity, Children, Adolescents, Iran
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Pages 7-13BackgroundFew studies have investigated the effects of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on obesity in children. The present study was conducted to examine adherence to the DASH diet in relation to obesity in children and adolescents, Isfahan, Iran.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 456 children aged 11-18 years who were selected by random cluster sampling method. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The DASH score was constructed based on food items emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. Anthropometric measurements were conducted based on standard protocols. General and abdominal obesity were defined based on body mass index ≥ 95th percentiles and waist: height ratio of more than 0.5, respectively.ResultsHigher adherence to DASH diet was inversely associated with general obesity (odds ratioT1 vs. T3 3.34, 95% confidence interval 1.28-8.75); however, after controlling for confounding factors, this association disappeared. Furthermore, higher adherence to DASH diet was negatively associated with central obesity in children, but the relation was not statistically significant.ConclusionWe concluded that there was an inverse nonsignificant association between adherence to DASH diet and general obesity indices after adjustment for potential confounders. Further, well-designed randomized clinical trial studies are suggested to find out the effect of DASH diet on obesity obviously.Keywords: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Obesity, Anthropometry, Hypertension, Adolescents, Children
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Pages 14-19BackgroundDiabetic state potentiates atherosclerosis and the type of edible oil consumed by the individual may affect this further. This study aimed to determine if the common edible oils in Nigeria have any effects on the lipid profiles and arteries of alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats.MethodsThirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of normal control, diabetic control, animals on diet enriched with refined, bleached deodorized palm oil (RBD-PO), animals on diet enriched with soya oil, and animals on diet enriched with olive oil. At the end of 8 weeks, the lipid profiles of the animals were determined before sacrificing them. Their aortas were subsequently harvested for histological examination.ResultsThe olive oil fed group had the highest level of total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), lowest HDL-C, and highest artherogenic index (AI). Diabetic animals fed on RBD-PO had a lower non-HDL-C, higher HDL-C, and lower AI than diabetic animals fed on olive oil or soya oil. However, the diabetic animals fed on RBD-PO had the highest triglyceride level. When the aortas were examined histologically, there were no atherosclerotic lesions in all the control and experimental groups except those fed on 10% soya oil enriched diet that had type II atherosclerotic lesions according to American Heart Association (AHA).ConclusionThe result of our study showed that RBD-PO appears to offer a better lipid profile in the diabetic animals compared with olive oil and soya oil. Soya oil appears to cause the development of atherosclerosis in diabetic state.Keywords: Diabetes, Wistar Rats, Atherosclerosis, Lipids
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Pages 20-28BackgroundThe improper control of self-care in hypertension imposes a lot of financial burden on the health-care system. On the other hand, the importance of participatory care and high effectiveness of self-management programs have been confirmed. This study was aimed to examine the effect of an educational intervention on self-efficacy, self-care behaviors and blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive obese or overweight women in the primary health-care setting in Isfahan, Iran.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was an educational intervention program. It was performed among 146 hypertensive women of 30-65 age range who referred to 6 health care centers of Isfahan that randomly assigned to a control and intervention groups. The interventional group participated in the 6 weekly sessions including exercises, weight control, medication adherence, and home self-monitoring based on goal setting, and promotion of self-efficacy. The control group received routine care from health-care center and any special intervention has been done for the control group. Output variables were analyzed after intervention, and 6-month follow-up.ResultsThere are no significant differences between age, weight, body mass index and BP and biochemical variables except lipids as well as behavioral factors at the baseline. After 6 months intervention self-efficacy (ConclusionParticipatory method of education could help us to convince patients to have better self-care to control disease. Furthermore, since adherence to the treatment of hypertensive patients in our society is low, organizing such courses can teach essential knowledge and skills to lifestyle change and prevention of complications. Performing these courses is recommended for other chronic disease patients in health-care centers to assess self-management programs on self-care behavior.Keywords: Hypertension, Self-Care, Education, Women
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Pages 29-34BackgroundAccuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement in clinical settings is one of the most concerns despite of promotion in techniques for the measurement of BP. Our aim was to compare automated versus manual BP measurement in intensive care unit (ICU), coronary care unit (CCU), and emergency room patients.MethodsTotally, 117 patients in ICU, CCU, and emergency department were registered in the study. Demographic information was recorded. The cardioset heart monitoring device was used for measuring BP and mercury sphygmomanometer with appropriate cuffs was used for manual method. Then, the mean BP of two methods was compared based on different age, sex, weight, and disease findings.ResultsThe mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 124.526 mmHg, with minimum and maximum of 123.111 and 125.940 mmHg, respectively (Cronbachs alpha = 0.893); furthermore, mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 73.496 mmHg, with minimum and maximum of 72.718 and 74.247 mmHg, respectively (Cronbachs alpha = 0.852). SBP was significantly different between the two methods, and especially in patients below 60 years, hospitalized in ICU ward, overweight, mid-upper arm circumference below 27 cm, and with neurosurgery problems, it was higher by manual method, too (PConclusionThe results of this study suggested that manual method in measurement of BP frequently shows higher BP, especially in patients admitted to hospitals-affecting up to 15 mmHg higher, and this discrepancy is more in critical situations.Keywords: Intensive Care Unit, Coronary Care Unit, Automated, Manual, Blood Pressure
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Pages 35-43BackgroundObesity is considered as a major health problem of children and adolescents. The present meta-analysis was conducted by extensive search of studies on the prevalence of obesity among school-aged children and youth aged 6-18 years in Iran.MethodsAll conducted cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of obesity in Iranian students in all grades were extracted, without applying any restriction on time in national and international databases including Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Statistical software Stata 12 was used to analyze the data and to obtain the prevalence of obesity among Iranian students. The heterogeneity between the results was determined using statistical test I2.ResultsIn this meta-analysis, 51 papers met our inclusion criteria and were therefore considered for the analysis. The prevalence of obesity was equal to 5.82% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5-6.66] in Iranian students. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than in girls (6.85% compared to 5.13%) (P = 0.300). The highest prevalence of obesity was related to students living in the North and Northwest areas with 7.07% (95% CI: 4.35-9.78).ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity among Iranian students is not high when compared to Western countries. However, due to lifestyle changes in recent years, it is necessary to plan intervention programs within families and schools to improve dietary patterns and physical activity of this age group.Keywords: Prevalence, Obesity, Meta-Analysis, Student, Iran
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Pages 44-45BackgroundEndovascular coil embolization is an approved treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) but it brings high rate of thromboembolic complications with subsequent morbidity and mortality. Hereby, we report two cases of AVM coil embolization and management of their compilations.
CASE REPORT: The first case was a 57-year-old male with five implanted coils in the lower lobe of right lung in which two of them were migrated soon after implantation. On exploration, a large atrial septal defect was detected and then repaired successfully. The next day, he was transferred for fluoroscopy. Two embolized coils were found at the site of the left iliac artery which was extracted via snare through sheath implanted in the left femoral artery. Coil migration to the left atrium and subsequently to the left iliac artery is reported for the first time. The second case was a 45-year-old male with central cyanosis and clubbing of upper and lower extremities from childhood. On computed tomography angiography (CTA), a vascular lesion was found. The patient underwent coil embolization for closure of AVM. The patient was still symptomatic after successful closure of AVM. On CTA, two feeding arteries were detected. He underwent second coil embolization procedure.ConclusionAVM coil embolization is a temptative procedure, which should be performed on its real indications by an expert centers who can handle complications of this procedure. The performance of CTA seems beneficial in some cases to confirm complete embolization of AVM.Keywords: Arteriovenous Malformation, Computed Tomography Angiography, Atrial Septal Defect, Coil Embolization, Endovascular -
Unusual presentation of extensive spontaneous coronary dissection: Case report and literature reviewPages 46-49BackgroundThe etiology of spontaneous dissection of coronary artery (SDCA) is not well understood yet. Different studies have linked this entity to pregnancy, physical stress, collagen diseases and vasculitis. In general, patients do not exhibit the classic risk factors for coronary artery disease, which mandates the suspicion of this condition, especially in young adults with acute coronary syndrome.
CASE REPORT: In this article, we report the case of a 63-year old male patient, asymptomatic, who came for periodic evaluation and after evaluation by exercise and myocardial scintigraphy had high suspicion for severe coronary artery disease and underwent coronary angiography, which showed spontaneous dissection of the left and right branches of the coronary arteries.ConclusionThe choice of therapeutic strategies (clinics, percutaneous or surgical) remains uncertain and should be individualized by the features and form of presentation of the SDCA.Keywords: Dissection, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)