فهرست مطالب

Arya Atherosclerosis
Volume:13 Issue: 4, Jul 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/06/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Aida Gholoobi, Zahra Meshkat, Akram Baghani, Maryam Sadat Alavi, Toktam Mohamadpoor, Mastoureh Momen-Heravi, Mohsen Mouhebati, Samaneh Sepahi, Sina Rostami, Mojtaba Meshkat, Arash Gholoobi Pages 161-166
    Background
    Although the role of enteroviruses has been proved in heart diseases, extensive information is not available on the association between enteroviruses and unstable angina. In the present study, the authors compared the prevalence of enteroviruses in patients with and without unstable angina.
    Methods
    Blood samples were taken from 51 patients with unstable angina and 55 patients without unstable angina or myocardial infarction that were admitted to Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals (Mashhad, northeast of Iran). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using specific primers for the detection of the enteroviruses in blood samples of study subjects.
    Results
    Patients with and without unstable angina were similar in age with mean ± standard deviation of 62.6 ± 12.8 and 59.7 ± 12.7 years, respectively (P = 0.243) and there were no differences in gender in these two groups (P = 0.174). Prevalence of the enteroviruses in patients with unstable angina was higher only in 66-80 years age group compared to the control group (patients without unstable angina, P = 0.032). There was a higher prevalence of enterovirus RNA positivity in the blood samples of women with unstable angina (75.9%) than those without unstable angina (41.7%, P = 0.011), however, no significant difference was observed in men (P = 0.983).
    Conclusion
    Our data showed that enteroviral RNA positivity was higher in patients with unstable angina compared to those without unstable angina. However, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant.
    Keywords: Unstable Angina, Enterovirus, Reverse Transcriptase PCR
  • Fatemeh Shirani, Ali Teimoori, Mohammad Rashno, Seyed Mahmoud Latifi, Majid Karandish Pages 167-171
    Background
    Recent evidence has shown a positive correlation between obesity and viral infections with a particular emphasis on the human adenovirus-36 (Ad-36). Ad-36 is the first human virus that may increase adiposity in animals, and it is considered as a possible risk factor for obesity in humans; however, the results were not consistent across all the studies. The present study was conducted to examine the influence of Ad-36 infection on obesity in a rat model.
    Methods
    Eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 170-240 gram (g), were randomly divided into two groups, infection group (48 rats) and a control group (12 rats). The rats in the infection group were infected with human Ad-36. All rats were given free access to a normal chow diet and water. They were weighed weekly.
    Results
    The mean ± standard deviation (SD) body weights were 229.0 ± 25.9 g and 232.3 ± 16.6 g in the infection and control groups, respectively at the time of infection. The mean ± SD body weight of the infection group (304.0 ± 39.0 g) was higher than the control group (301.0 ± 36.5 g) at 12 weeks post-infection (P = 0.82). Although two groups had approximately same food intakes, the mean change in body weight was greater in the infection group than the control group (75.8 ± 27.9 g vs. 70.8 ± 24.5 g) but it was not significant (P = 0.57).
    Conclusion
    We did not find a statistically significant association between weight gain and Ad-36 infection in the rat model. It seems that longer follow-up duration is needed to develop a significant weight gain in the infected rats. Rats can be used as a good animal model for further investigations about Ad-36-induced obesity, provided not to rely merely on weight measurements. Evaluating body composition or histopathological assessments are suggested.
    Keywords: Adenovirus 36, Weight Gain, Wistar Rats
  • Negar Omidi, Mohammad Rafie Khorgami, Mohammad Effatpanah, Farnaz Khatami, Mehrpouya Mashhadizadeh, Arash Jalali, Hamidreza Hekmat Pages 172-175
    Background
    ABO blood groups are genetically transmitted through chromosome 9 at locus 9q34. It is supposed that there is a locus on 9p21, which has a role in developing coronary artery disease.
    Methods
    Our study population consisted of 309 patients with unstable angina admitted to the Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who underwent coronary angiography. The association between types of blood group (O and non-O) with the severity of coronary artery disease was investigated.
    Results
    Compared to the non-O groups, the O group had more severe coronary artery involvement (P = 0.004).
    Conclusion
    Our study supports recent suggestions on the association between blood group and coronary artery disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of blood group on atherosclerosis.
    Keywords: ABO Blood Group System, Blood Group, Coronary Artery Disease, Unstable Angina, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Myocardial Ischemia, Angina Pectoris, Atherosclerosis
  • Seyed Saeed Mazloomy-Mahmoodabad, Zohreh Sadat Navabi, Alireza Ahmadi, Mohsen Askarishahi Pages 176-183
    Background
    The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) efficiently explains the ability of perceived behavioral control and possibly attitude to enhance the motivations of the obese people to lose weight. Our aim was to investigate the effect of TPB-based education on weight loss in obese and overweight adolescents.
    Methods
    In an interventional study, simple random sampling was used to select 86 overweight and obese adolescents aged 13-18 years in the pediatric clinic at the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute. Anthropometric measures and TPB constructs were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaires were filled out before and six weeks after the intervention. Participants received 5 sessions of training based on the constructs of the TPB.
    Results
    A significant increase was observed in the mean score for knowledge and TPB constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior) six weeks after the educational intervention (P
    Conclusion
    The TPB-based interventions seem to be effective in losing weight in obese and overweight adolescents. This theory serves as a helpful theoretical framework for health-related behaviors and can be an appropriate pattern to plan for educational interventions.
    Keywords: Adolescents, Education, Obesity, Behavior
  • Zahra Farahnak, Luciane Magri Tomaz, Raynald Bergeron, Natalie Chapados, Jean-Marc Lavoie Pages 184-192
    Background
    Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an important transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and bile acid metabolism in the liver. SHP has been reported to be down-regulated in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice and up-regulated by estrogens suggesting a link between estrogens and SHP. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training on SHP and key molecular markers of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in Ovx rats under cholesterol feeding.
    Methods
    Our main experimental group was composed of Ovx rats fed a high-cholesterol diet (Ovx-Chol) that was compared to a group of Ovx rats fed a standard diet (Ovx-SD) and a group of sham operated rats fed the cholesterol diet (Sham-Chol). These three groups of Ovx and sham rats were subdivided into either voluntary wheel running (Tr) or sedentary (Sed) groups for 5 weeks. The mRNA expression of all genes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
    Results
    Liver total cholesterol levels were not affected by exercise training in any of the experimental conditions. Cholesterol feeding in both sham and Ovx rats resulted in significantly higher hepatic cholesterol accumulation than in Ovx-SD (P
    Conclusion
    These results suggest that voluntary wheel running modulates cholesterol metabolism in Ovx animals through up-regulation of SHP and bile acid formation.
    Keywords: Exercise_Cholesterol 7 Alpha-hydroxylase_Rat_Cholesterol_Low density Lipoprotein receptor
  • Fatemeh Ghani-Dehkordi, Rostam Esfandiyari-Bakhtiyari, Firoozeh Alirezae-Shahraki Pages 193-195
    Background
    The finding of a floating mass in the aortic arch is rare and the management remains controversial.
    CASE Rrport: We describe a 42-year-old woman with an embolic infarction in whom transesophageal echocardiography revealed a mobile mass in the aortic arch that was characterized as atherothrombi with an evidence of embolic infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Treatment with antiplatelet and anticoagulants failed to resolve the mass and is was surgically resected.
    Conclusion
    In conclusion, the presence of mobile aortic mass seems to carry a high embolic risk. The optimal treatment for mobile aortic arch atherothrombi remains to be elucidated.
    Keywords: Embolism, Echocardiography, Transthoracic Echocardiography, Transesophageal Echocardiography
  • Yousef Rasmi, Morteza Bagheri, Sanaz Faramarz-Gaznagh, Mohadeseh Nemati, Mohammad Hasan Khadem-Ansari, Ehsan Saboory, Mir Hossein Seyed-Mohamadzad, Alireza Shirpoor Pages 196-201
    Background
    Coronary slow flow (CSF), an angiographic phenomenon that is characterized by a delayed coronary blood flow in the absence of obstructive coronary artery stenosis, is known as a disorder of the coronary microcirculation. Inflammation has an important role in the vascular hemostasis and endothelial dysfunction especially regarding monocyte adhesion and infiltration. Pro-inflammatory cytokines released by inflammatory cells result in endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. It has been demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mainly influences the vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction. In the present enquiry the transcriptional activity of TNF-α gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CSF was compared with healthy controls in order to further survey the role of TNF-α in pathophysiology of CSF.
    Methods
    The study was carried out on 30 patients with CSF and 30 matched healthy controls. To analysis gene expression of TNF-α, total mRNA was isolated from PBMCs. The quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to compare the transcriptional activity of TNF-α gene between patients with CSF and controls.
    Results
    The mean ± standard error of mean of fold in CSF patients and controls were 0.20 ± 0.04 and 1.38 ± 0.27, respectively. The mRNA mean expressions of TNF-α (fold) were different in tested groups, which indicated a significant decrease in TNF-α in patients with CSF group (P = 0.0001).
    Conclusion
    Expression of TNF-α was decreased in patients with CSF. Changes in TNF-α expression suggest a potential role for altered immune function in the pathophysiology of CSF.
    Keywords: Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Cytokines, Slow Flow Phenomenon, Coronary Angiography