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Medical Laboratory Journal - Volume:13 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2019

Medical Laboratory Journal
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/10/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Maryam Meskini , Azad Khaledi , Davoud Esmaeili* Pages 1-5
     
    Background and Objectives
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative opportunistic pathogen and an important cause of wound infections and nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to study inhibitory effects of a new ointment prepared from medicinal plants against P. aeruginosa isolates.
    Methods
    In this study, an ointment called ZOUSH was prepared from mixing alcoholic extracts of Satureja khuzestaniea, Zataria multiflora, Mentha mozaffariani Jamzad, honey and polyurethane. Minimal inhibitory concentration of ZOUSH and its compositions alone or combined was determined using the disk diffusion method.
    Results
    S. khuzestaniea, Z. multiflora and Mentha mozaffariani Jamzad had inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa. The ZOUSH ointment had greater antibacterial effects than the any of its compositions used solely or combined. The diameter of inhibition zone had a direct relationship with the concentration of the extracts. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of the ZOUSH ointment was identical to that of polymyxine B (300 µg).
    Conclusion
    We demonstrated that the ZOUSH ointment has inhibitory effects against P. aerugionosa. The inhibition zone diameter is directly correlated with the concentration of the extracts. Our results suggest that the ointment could be useful for treatment of burn wounds and skin infections
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ZOUSH, Burns, Satureja khuzestaniea, Zataria multiflora, Mentha Mozaffariani Jamzad, Honey, Polyurethane, Ointment.
  • Sina Soleimani*, Morteza Kamalzadeh , Mohsen Lotfi Pages 6-11
    Background and Objectives
    Poliomyelitis remains a major public health problem in developing countries, which signify the need for extensive diagnostic and prevention research. The aim of the present study was to design monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against poliovirus type I with biomedical, diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
    Methods
    B-cells were isolated from a mouse challenged with polio antigen injection. The B-cell were fused with myeloma tumor cells. After evaluation and screening of approximately 250 hybridoma colons by ELISA, 35 colons with the highest antibody titer and no cross-reactivity were selected and subsequently cloned by limiting dilution. Finally, three colons capable of secreting MAbs against epitopes of poliovirus type I were used for MAb production. Next, the MAbs were characterized by antibody assays, isotyping, epitope analysis (western blot), cross-reactivity test, stability test, sterility test and mycoplasma test.
    Results
    The results indicated that the MAbs were of IgG1 kappa chain, had good stability and no cross-reactivity. In western blot, a band at 26 kDa which is associated to VP3 neutralization protein was observed.
    Conclusion
    These serotype-specific MAbs can be potentially used for identification of type I poliovirus for research, diagnostic and prevention purposes.
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody, Hybridoma, Poliomyelitis, Poliovirus.
  • Sanaz Salar amoli , Sima Besharat , Amir nader Emami razavi, Hamidreza Joshaghani * Pages 12-14
     
    Background and Objective
    HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is one such gene that can play a role in the development of breast cancer by making HER-2 proteins (receptorson breast cells). Normally, HER-2 receptors control breast cells grow and Division. HER-2 protein over expression is the cause of up to 20% of breast cancers. The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is important in the oncogenic function of HER-2. It has been reported compounds including Se, such as selenite significantly attenuated oxidative-stress-induced activation of the PI3K signaling pathways and can exhibit antitumor activity by downregulating PI3K activation. In this study, we evaluated Association of tissue selenium level and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in breast cancer.
    methods
    Se contents and expression of HER-2 were determined in 30 tissue collected from 30 women diagnosed with breast cancer based on immunohistochemistry (HER-2) and atomic absorption (Se).
    Results
    About 30% of the samples were positive for HER-2 expression. Mean level of tissue selenium in tumors for positive and negative HER-2 was 268.15 µg/l and 206.43µg/l respectively. So, there was no significant association between selenium level and HER-2 expression. (p>0.005)
    Conclusion
    There is no Association of tissue selenium level and HER-2 expression in breast cancer.
    Keywords: Selenium, HER-2, breast cancer
  • Nasrin Ramezani , Behnaz Vanaky *, Nader Shakeri , Zahra Soltanian , Fatemeh Fakhari Rad, Zahra Shams Pages 15-20
    Background and Objectives
    Diabetes is one of the most common diseases and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that regular exercise can affect apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax as important apoptosis factors in diabetic rats.
    Methods
    After inducing diabetes in 20 male Wistar rats (weighing 250 ± 1.15 g), the rats were randomly divided into a control group and a training group. The training group performed high-intensity interval training five days a week for four weeks, and the control group did not perform any training. After the intervention, RNA was extracted and TCF mRNA was subjected to real time RT-PCR for measuring Bax and Bcl-2 expression in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics V22 using independent t-test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
    Results
    The expression of Bcl-2 increased significantly and the expression of Bax decreased significantly after the four-week training intervention.
    Conclusion
    The high-intensity interval training can have beneficial effects on the expression of apoptotic genes in rats with type 2 diabetes.
    Keywords: Bax_Bcl-2_High intensity interval training_Heart_Type 2 diabetes.
  • Maryam Mohadjerani*, Mansoore Damanjany Pages 21-27
     
    Background and Objectives
    Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common X-linked disorder of human erythrocytes in which cells are susceptible towards hemolytic changes and could be destroyed by peroxides. Extracts of Ilex spinigera and Gleditsia caspica leaves have excellent free radical scavenging activity. We investigated the protective effects of these extracts against hemolysis induced by some drugs in G6PD-deficient erythrocytes.
    Methods
    Blood samples were collected from males with and without G6PD deficiency. Hemolysis induced by aspirin, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and phenacetin was assessed in the presence and absence of the extracts. The amount of released hemoglobin was determined by reading absorbance at 540 nm.
    Results
    The methanol extract of G. caspica had significant protective effects against phenacetin-induced hemolysis in G6PD-deficient human erythrocytes (P<0.05). However, the I. spinigera extract had no significant anti-hemolytic effects on these cells.
    Conclusion
    Our findings suggest that the extract of G. caspica could be a potential drug with antioxidant and anti-hemolytic properties for patients with G6PD deficiency.
    Keywords: Antihemolytic activity, Medicinal plant, G6PD deficiency, Gleditsia caspica, Ilex spinigera.  
    Keywords: Antihemolytic activity, Medicinal plant, G6PD de?ciency, Gleditsia caspica, Ilex spinigera
  • Esmat Barooti , Soodabeh Darvish* , Nourossadat Kariman , Ghasem Yazdanpanah Pages 28-32
    Background and objectives
    Accurate diagnosis of preterm rupture of membrane (PROM) is critical during pregnancy, and researchers are seeking ways to decrease the rate of false negative results in diagnostic tests. In the present study, we compare diagnostic properties of Amnisure test and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test for diagnosis of PROM.
    Methods
    The study was performed on singleton pregnant women (gestational age: 20 to 41 weeks) who were referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran (Iran) between December 2016 and December 2017. The study included 44 PROM patients and 44 control pregnant women. Speculum examination for cervicovaginal fluid washing, hCG test and Amnisure test were performed for all of patients. Statistical analysis of data was performed in SPSS software package (Version 18, Chicago, IL, USA) using t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
    Results
    The Amnisure test had better sensitivity and specificity compared with the β-hCG test (95.5% and 97.7% vs. 93.2% and 95.5%). The Amnisure test also had higher positive and negative predictive values than the β-hCG test (97.7% and 95.5% vs. 93.3% and 94.3%). Diagnostic accuracy of the Amnisure test was also higher than that of the β-hCG test (96.6% vs. 94.3%).
    Conclusion
    According to the results, the two tests have almost equal diagnostic power for detection of PROM during pregnancy.
    Keywords: Chorionic Gonadotropin, Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
  • Elaheh Rezaei , Pejvak Khaki *, Soheila Moradi Bidhendi , Mojtaba Noofeli Pages 33-36
     
    Background and Objectives
    Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that is transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. Humans mainly acquire pathogenic leptospires through mucosal or percutaneous exposure to environment contaminated with urine from an infected animal. We aimed to identify pathogenic leptospiral serovars by detection of the ompL37 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
    Methods
    Sixteen pathogenic leptospiral serovars and a saprophytic serovar, L. biflexa were cultured in modified semisolid Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium containing 5% rabbit serum. Genomic DNA extraction was done using the phenol-chlorophorm method. The ompL37 gene was amplified using specific primers. PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
    Results
    The ompL37 gene was amplified only in the pathogenic leptospiral serovars. We detected no amplified fragment for the saprophytic serovar.
    Conclusion
    Leptospirosis may be confused with other infectious diseases, and therefore, its early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. We showed that molecular detection of pathogenic leptospires based on the ompL37 gene could be used for laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis
    Keywords: Leptospirosis, PCR, ompl37 Gene, Pathogenic Leptospires.
  • Manickam Tamil Selvi , Srinivas Ankanagari * Pages 37-41
    Implementing quality management system (QMS) in medical laboratories ensures quality techniques and enhances the laboratory staff skills development. It mainly prevents frequent inaccuracies which occur in both clinical and laboratory procedures due to lack of regulatory compliance, safety precautions and inadequate facilities including less trained or inexperienced manpower. Current standards enforce comprehensive quality assisted operations in all laboratory activities. Awareness of standards and implementing the standards in laboratory process and procedures and monitoring the same by following quality management system show that personnel knowledge is considered one of important aspect which is linked to high percentage of laboratory error/reworking (non conformities). The purpose of this study is to give overview on the implementation of quality management system based on essential standards NABH (MLP), NABL (ISO 15189:2012) for medical laboratories and how the standards helps to increase the consistency in quality services in diagnostic laboratories. By checking important quality indicators such as EQAS, TAT and feedback has shown great reduction in the laboratory errors/rework percentages after implementing the QMS as per the standard requirements in the laboratory. In addition it also helps to develop a good communication between the clinicians and laboratory personnel in the laboratories to ensure continual improvement in the laboratory practices which satisfies the customer requirements.
    Keywords: NABH, NABL, QMS, improvement, certification, quality indicators