Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2014

This study was done to give complete topographic information about the position of the lungs and trachea in European pond turtle using Computed Tomography (CT) and usual anatomic methods. Design: Experimental study Animals: 10 female, adult European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) Procedures- All scans were obtained on a two detector scanner. In anatomical study eight turtles were dissected. Two other turtles were sectioned transversely. Our results showed some differences in the tracheal length, position and bifurcation site with that of other species. Moreover the topography of the lungs is described in retracted and protruded neck in this article. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Most of vital systems, lungs and coelomic part of the trachea, are enclosed by the carapace and the plastron so it can not be examined customarily by clinicians. The noninvasive diagnostic imaging techniques provide detailed information concerning these organs. The general morphological features of the lower respiratory system of the European pond turtle were examined by CT images and macroscopically in this study. We found some important dissimilarities with other species.

Use of equine autologous keratinocyte on collagen membrane grafts (KCMG) for treatment of wounds in the distal aspect of the horse limb. Design: Experimental study Animals: Four horses. Procedure: Keratinocytes have been separated by enzyme digestion from lib skin sample and proliferated in vitro. Full thickness excision wounds (6.25 cm2) were created on the mid-lateral of both metatars of each horse aseptically. The wounds were classified into two groups, group A and B as control (n=4) and keratinocyte collagen membrane graft (KCMG [n=4]) group respectively. Acid soluble collagen has been extracted from calf skin and polymerized in vitro, then keratinocytes, cultured on collagen membrane for one day. Cell graft was preformed once on the 4-day-old wounds. Photographs were taken twice weekly. Whole wounds excision biopsies were performed on 28-day-old wounds. Geometrically, there were increase in epithelialization, contraction and total wound healing per day in group B, but it was not significant statistically. Histopathologically both groups had epidermal cells in superficial layer, but the amount of this layer, differentiation and maturation of stratum spinosum cells of epiderm in group B was better than group A. These differences were not significant (P-Value>0.05). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Perhaps use of keratinocyte collagen membrane graft (KCMG) have positive effects and cause better wound healing in derm and specially epiderm of equine lower limb wounds. For increase of cell treatment effects significantly, it is better to use cell grafts on large wound, also preparation of wound bed and repeated treatments are essential.

This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine and lidocaine/tramadol combination in epidural anaesthesia in dromedary camels.Design: Experimental StudyAnimals: Eight healthy immature dromedary camels The camels were randomly designed in 2 equal groups. In group L: lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and in group LT: a combination of lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and tramadol (1 mg/kg) were injected into the first inter-coccygeal (Co1–Co2) epidural space. Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia, sedation and ataxia levels were recorded after drug administration. Epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and tramadol produced complete analgesia in the tail, anus and perineum. There were no significant differences in onset and duration of caudal analgesia parameters between groups L and LT (p>0.05). Epidural administration of the lidocaine– tramadol combination resulted in mild to moderate sedation, whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study. Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine–tramadol mixture.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus tramadol resulted in sedation and unnoticeable longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of topical administration of lint bells oil (LBOC) on wound contraction as well as healing process. Design: Experimental study. Animals: in order to follow-up current study, 60 Male Swiss albino mice were used.Procedures: Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (NO=12) including; vehicle-recived negative control, pure oil-received and test group. The animals in treatment group subdivided into two groups as 2% cream-treated (LBOC 2%) and 4% cream-treated (LBOC 4%).Two circular full thickness skin defects were made, in both sides of the backbone, 1 cm away from the midline and 2 cm away from each other with a 5-mm-biopsy punch. Using graph paper, the Percentage of wound contraction measured at 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th days after surgery. Tissue samples were obtained at the 3rd, 6th and12th days post-wounding, from all groups and stained with Masson’s trichrome and studied under light microscope. In LBOC treated groups, the healing process shortened significantly, which was revealed with rapid reduction of wound area. Histological observations revealed that, LBOC in form of 2% formulation remarkably reduced inflammatory cells infiltration, enhanced collagen deposition and facilitated the epithelialization versus other groups. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: In conclusion, our data showed that lint bells oil, specially in 2% doses, promotes wound contraction ratio and facilitated the healing processes by inhibiting the inflammatory stage and stimulated the prolifrative phase by enhancing the fibroblasts distribution and/or proliferation.

Mastitis is the most important and costly health disorder in dairy farms around the world. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic impact of mastitis in dairy herds in Tehran province. Design: Data triangulation. Data of this study were gathered using a questioner which was collected by 135 farmers in Tehran province together with 25 faculty members and DVSc graduations of the faculty of veterinary medicine of university of Tehran. Using former studies, the imposed costs of mastitis were included as milk disposal, milk decline, cost of veterinarian to exam and treat affected cows, cost of medicine, increase in day open due to mastitis, income due to declining the consumption of food. The economic damage of mastitis is in average 491.86 dollars will be imposed every year on industrial dairy farms located in Tehran province. The most important components of this damage are milk decline (62.18%), milk loss in 7 days after affection (24.09%) and drug due treatment (6.77%). Based on the results of this study, mastitis plays an important role on the economy of dairy farms in Iran.

To evaluate and compare kidney function with and without saffron administration and consider the diuretic and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of this substance in normal cats. Design: Descriptive study Animals: 6 female healthy cats (age: 2 to 4 years, average weight: 4 kg) - no clinical sign of renal disorders and prior to presentationProcedures: The scintigraphy of right and left kidney was performed using Gamma camera (Piker Model) and 99mTc-DTPA as radiopharmaceutical with and without saffron administration. The average quantities of Total and individual GFR, Time to peak activity (TOP), Emptying half time and 3-min activity are the determined parameters in this evaluation. A significantly higher amount of total GFR was present at the end of the study with Saffron administration compared with control study with saline administration (P= 0.017). Also T1/2 of the treatment renograms was significantly shorter than that of the control renograms (P=0.002 for right kidney and p=0.001 for left kidney). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Administration of saffron increased the glomerular filtration rate and shortened the emptying half-time of radiopharmaceutical. This study shows that Saffron as a harmless substance can play as a diuretic substance, therefore can play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) has been proven to be a safe and effective technique in human. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of utilizing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in dogs and to compare this technique with open routine partial nephrectomy for the first time in Iran. Design: Experimental study. Animals: Sixteen large mixed-breed female dogs, weighting 22±5 kg, 1-2 years age. Procedures:All dogs were anesthetized and positioned for surgery on left kidney. Partial nephrectomy (PN) was performed through five portals in left flank in laparoscopic group and through midline incision in open group. After renal artery was recognized and clamped, the caudal pole of kidney was resected. Then the exposed renal parenchyma was sutured. Operative time, ischemia time, incision length, clinical findings, hematological parameters, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and intra and post-operative complications were recorded for one month. Surgeries were performed successfully in both groups and visualization was excellent in laparoscopic group. Mean operative time was insignificantly longer in laparoscopic group. Mean ischemia time was evaluated more in laparoscopic group but total length of incisional scar was obviously longer in open cases. There was mild infection in one portal site of first group. Other parameters were assessed normal and there was no significant complication in both groups. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:This experience demonstrated that LPN is a safe and feasible procedure in dogs with acceptable outcomes and advantages comparing with open PN.

Case Description:A 25-year old, mare, Arab horse presented to department of surgery of veterinary hospital of Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz with the signs of breathing disorder, snoring, localized infections of the nose in the right nostril.Clinical Physical examination revealed a mass in the nasal vestibule which attached to the septum and caused partial obstruction of the nasal canal.Treatment and Outcome- Surgical removal of the mass applied under general anesthesia. Well differentiated SCC was diagnosed based on the results of histological examination.Clinical Relevance: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a malignant, locally invasive neoplasia of squamous epithelial cells, is the second most common tumor in horses.1,5,9,10 The only case of nasal septal SCC in horse has been reported 18 years ago.10 The ultraviolet (UV) radiation is believed to be the primary carcinogen associated with SCC and also SCC has been reported to develop in areas of chronic, poorly healing wounds and at sites of previous burn injuryThis report wants to describe of nasal septal SCC in a horse as it is really very rare location for neoplasm.