Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2008

Objective- To find normal value of thickness of the lens capsules in domesticated rabbits by ultrasonography. Design- experimental in vivo study and clinical trial.Animals- Twelve matured and immature domesticated rabbit. Procedures- The eyes of 12 non anaesthetized domesticated rabbits were sonograophed using a linear 6-12 MHz high frequency transducer. The thickness of anterior and posterior capsule of the lens was measured in millimeter (mm). All measurements’ were done only by one experienced radiologist and confirmed by another radiologist. Mean and standard errors were calculated statistically by spss statistical software. Results were compared with ultrasonography of the eye of 75 rabbits referred to different small animal clinic and sonographed by a radiologist.Results- The measurement of the thickness of anterior and posterior capsule of both eyes was 0.3979 ± 0.03255. The mean value and standard deviation of 75 clinically studied rabbits was 0.3933 ± 0.02552.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The thickness of lens capsule can be measured by ultrasonography and this value can be used for diagnosis of production of capsular cataract either experimentally or acquired in rabbit. There was no significant difference.

Objective- This study was performed to evaluate the effects of caprine harton''s jelly MSCs transplantation on second intention cutaneous wound healing.Design- Experimental study.Animals- Five healthy Raeini goats.Procedures- After collection of caprine pregnant uterus of mixed breed goats from abattoir, the Wharton''s jelly of umbilical cord was harvested. The tissues were minced in ventilated flasks and explant culture method was used for separating MSCs. To investigate the stem cell properties, after evaluation of cell morphology and cell behavior in culture medium, the isolated cells were immunostained for Actin protein,histochemically assayed for the presence of alkaline phosphatase activity. After confirmation of stem cell properties of isolated cells, 9×106 MSCs were stained with BrdU and prepared for transplantation to each wound.Rectangular (3×3 cm) full thickness skin wounds were made on the both sides of thoracic vertebrate of 5 Raeini goats. The left wounds were implanted with MSCs and right wounds were considered as control group (without cell transplantation). The wound healing process (%wound contraction, %wound epithelialization, and %wound healing) were compared morphometrically between two groups, during 5 weeks study.Results- The isolated cells in present study were fusiform or spindle-form cells and able to form cell colony in culture medium. They showed a positive response to immunohistochemical staining of α-actine smooth muscle and alkaline phosphates. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against BrdU of labeled cells confirmed that the transformed cells were still alive in the wound bed. Morphometric evaluation of wounds showed that wound contraction, re-epithelialization, and healing percentage in treated wounds with MSCs were significantly more than control wounds during 5 week study (P<0.05).

Objective-This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of Origanum vulgare on the alleviation of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.Design- Experimental study.Animals- Thirty two 3.5 – 4 month-old, male, Wistar albino rats.Procedures- The animals were allocated to 4 groups for 7 days as follows: Groups N (Normal) and H (Halothane), who have just received drinking water without Origanum extract, while Groups O (Origanum) and T (Treatment) received Origanum vulgare extract (20 mg/kg body weight) during experimental period in drinking water. Groups H and T exposed to the halothane 2% for 2 hours on 6th day of study. The blood sample was taken from all animals on 7th day, and hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed.Results- Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (T-BIL), direct bilirubin (D-BIL) and indirect bilirubin (I-BIL) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by halothane anesthesia in comparison with normal animals. The mentioned parameters were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group T compared with group H, except ALP and I-BIL (P >0.05). There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters between groups N and O (P >0.05).Amount of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and neutrophil percentage were increased and lymphoctes percentage was decreased significantly in group H in comparison with groups N and T (P < 0.05), But there were no significant differences in other hematological parameters such as PCV, RBC, MCV, MCH and WBC between the groups. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between groups N and O (P >0.05).

Objective- Comprehensive functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical assessment of sciatic nerve regeneration through an inside-out vein graft in rat. Design- Experimental in vivo study.Animals- Fifty- four healthy male White Albino rats. Procedures- The rats were divided into three experimental groups (n=18), randomly: Sham operation (NC), Transected control (TC) and Inside-out vein graft (IOVG). In NC group after anesthesia the left sciatic nerve was exposed through a gluteal muscle incision and after careful homeostasis the muscle was sutured. In TC group the left sciatic nerve was exposed the same way, transected proximal to the tibio-peroneal bifurcation leaving a 10 mm gap. In IOVG group the left sciatic nerve was transected the same way and proximal and distal stumps were each inserted into an inside-out vein graft. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of six animals each and were studied 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery.Results- Functional analysis showed significant improvement of nerve function in IOVG than in TC group (P < 0.05). Morphometric indices and immuohistochemistry indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between IOVG and TC groups 12 weeks after surgery.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Inside-out vein graft technique has offered the hope of providing a biological method for achieving the peripheral nerve regeneration in the least harmful way that is available, easily performed and affordable. It also averts the need for foreign materials that are likely to provoke a foreign body reaction.

Objective- To investigate the effect of intratendinous injection of bMSCs on the rate and extent of tendon healing after primary repair in a rabbit model. Design- Experimental study.Animals- Twenty seven skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1.8- 2.5 kg were used. Twenty rabbits were used as the experimental animals, and seven others were used as a source of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Procedures- Under general anesthesia an experimental tenotomy was made through the midsubstance of the DDF tendon. The transected tendon was immediately repaired with use of a locking loop suture. No treatment was given to control group (n = 10). Rabbits in treatment group (n = 10) were subjected to receive bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Operated limbs were immobilized for two weeks post operatively. Samples from operated tendons were harvested at weeks of three and eight of operationfor histopathlogicalevaluation, which included evaluation of quantitative and qualitative assessment (twenty specimens). Results- Histological findings revealed that there were significant improvements in structural characteristics of granulation tissue.Neovascularization and cellular proliferation also increased at the synovial layer of the epitenon (increased thickness)in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells intreatment group compared to the control group at the week three (P<0.05). At the week eight there were no differences between the groups with regard to histologic characteristics (P>0.05).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Intratendinous application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells following primary tendon repair can significantly improve the histologicalparameters in the early stage of tendon healing. Early timeperiod during tendonhealing is crucial in the treatment of tendon injuries.

Objective- Evaluation of the effect of different fasting times on the quality of propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and recovery features.Design- Experimental prospective design.Animals- Fifteen lambs.Procedures- Fifteen lambs that anesthetized for carotid translocation surgery were included in this current study and allocated in to three groups randomly. In Group 1, food was withheld for 24 hours, with free access to the water. In Group 2 and 3 the food withhold time was 48 and 72 hours. In all animals the anaesthesia were induced by propofol (5 mg/kg) and maintained by continuous propofol infusion 0.41-0.45 mg/kg/hr for 60 minutes. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (Temp) and invasive systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured during anaesthesia. Time to first swallowing attempt, time to lift the head and time to standing were recorded by videoing the animals. Results- Although the longest recovery times were recorded in group 3 but no significant difference were recorded between groups under study in all measured parameters. The only significant finding was the number of animals that were regurgitated during anaesthesia that was significantly higher in group 3.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Long food withdrawal could not alter different recovery times but regarding to higher regurgitation in group three and lower quality of anaesthesia in this group it seems that the best results were in group one.

Objective- introduce and evaluate modified surgical technique in repair of third grade perinea lacerations in mares.Design- descriptive study.Animals- ten mares.Procedures- The tissue between rectal and vagina mucosa was incised in the way that the lower rectal mucosa was entirely separated from upper vaginal mucosa and a flap was consequently induced in both sides. The septum between rectum and vagina was sutured by a six bite pattern at the same time with simple interrupted suturing of rectal mucosa using 0 vicryl. The skin of the perineal body was closed with 1 or 2 absorbable or nonabsorbabale suture material in a horizontal mattress pattern.Results- The observations of surgical region during a month after surgery demonstrated that there were no signs of complete dehiscence, partial dehiscence and rectovestibular fistula. and primary healing had effectively occurred. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- As the lesion recovered completely and there were no signs of fistula, rectal stenosis and reversion to pneumovagina, it is advisable to use this modified method for laceration.

Objective- to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of two and three dimensional color and power Doppler imaging of the vasculature of the normal canine orbit and eye. Design- descriptive study.Animals- 10 mixed breed mature dogs (6 female & 4 male) weighing 14.9±1.89 kg.Procedures- In this method the transducer is placed on the eyelid. Ultrasonographic imaging was performed using a Voluson 730 pro Machine with a 2D linear multi frequency transducer (6-12MHz) and a D linear multi frequency transducer (5-12MHz). Results- Vessels identified a majority of the cases (>50%) in 2D and 3D color and power ultrasonography included: external ophthalmic artery (EOA), internal ophthalmic artery (IOA), long posterior artery (LPA), short posterior artery (SPA), dorsal ophthalmic vein (DOV), ventral ophthalmic vein (VOV), and ciliary artery (CA). the vessels imaged less frequently included: retinal artery and internal ophthalmic vein.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Reproducibility of 3D power and color Doppler was similar with 2D ultrasonography. The present study showed that 3D ultrasonography did not have any superiority to 2D in the eye vascular detection which could be because of small size and low velocity of the vessels in the organ.

Case Description- A 3-month-old, female mixed breed dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Ferdowsi University with an obvious deformity in its right forelimb.Clinical Findings- - In clinical examination, there was a separation from elbow joint to the end of digits and a long skin cleft between these separated regions was seen. Radiographic examination revealed a wide space between the radius and the ulna with a separated carpal joint. The limb had five digits which three of them were at the ulnar side and the others were at radial side. The characteristic proximal and distal carpal bone rows and distal radioulnar joint were absent.Treatment and Outcome- According to the clinical and radiographic findings the ectrodactyly was diagnosed, but upon to the owner'' disagreement, the amputation was not done.Clinical Relevance- Ectrodactyly is a rare anomaly which can usually be treated surgically. In extremely severe cases such as the case described, amputation of the affected limb should be done.

Case Description- An 8-year-old intact female Pekingese dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with painless, reducible bilateral inguinal mass, approximately 6 months prior to presentation.Clinical Findings- Clinical and laboratory examinations showed no significant general symptoms. Radiographs of the caudal abdominal part revealed two soft tissue opacities at both sides of inguinal region and no gas was detected. Ultrasonography of the left mass revealed that the uterine horns were placed underneath the mammary tissue with normal echogenicity. On the Base of the clinical and paraclinical evaluations, inguinal herniation of uterine was diagnosed presumptively.Treatment and Outcome- Through ventral midline skin incision, both hernial sacs and rings were exposed. The left hernial sac was containing complete uterus, cervix, left fallopian tube and ovary and the right one was containing omentum and fat. Ovariohysterectomy was performed from the left inguinal ring and omentum and fat were reduced into the abdominal cavity through the right ring. Herniorrhaphy was carried out in both rings. Two months after the repair, there were no postsurgical complications, and the dog recovered uneventfully.Clinical Relevance- In the present case, in order to prevent the recurrence of the hernia and to stop breeding because of the probability of heritable nature of this disease, ovariohystrectomy was performed. In this report, as the entire uterus and ovaries were easily exposed from the left inguinal ring and to prevent extra trauma to the animal and shorten the operation time due to the midline celiotomy, ovariohystrectomy was carried out from the left inguinal ring without any problems.

Case Description and Clinical FindingsA seven-year-old male German shepherd dog was referred to Small Animal Clinic with severe lameness (non-weight-bearing) and considerable localized proximal right humerus swelling. Radiographic study revealed severe soft tissue swelling and pathologic fracture of proximal right humerus. Immediately, the right forelimb was removed surgically and once sample was sent to pathologic laboratory for staining and immunohistochemical studies. Seven antibodies were used for immunohistochemical study of sample removed. Treatment and Outcome- Dog tolerated operation and recovered in 12 hours after surgery with no post-operative complication. The sample removed was giant cell osteosarcoma in H and E staining study. This tumor was with low mitotic and metastatic activity in immunohistochemical study.Clinical Relevance- Immunohistochemical study showed that antibodies used for histologic study could determine origin of tumor and being metastatic character of tumor for predicting of survival time and how to manage (medical and surgical treatment) this type of bone neoplasia.