نشریه علوم ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 19، بهار و تابستان 1393)

The present study aimed to identify farmer's attribution styles in Eslamabad-e-Gharb. Data were gathered using survey research with 300 farmers based on multiple stages stratified random sampling. The findings indicates positive significant relationships between interest in agriculture, attitude to agricultural experts, frequency of contact with experts, the extent of participation in social activities, access to extension activities, income level and rate of production with attribution style. These variables have positive correlation with elements of trial and ability, and also negative significant relationships with chance factors and level of task difficulty in agriculture. The aspects of attribution regarding farmers in the area under the coverage of under-pressure irrigation in respect to success was more desirable, internal, permanent and comprehensive and in respect to failure was more undesirable, external, unstable and more specific than the attribution of farmers in the another area. The variables of rate of production, attitude to agricultural experts, the extent of participation in social activities and access to extension activities determined the variations of farmer’s attribution styles. Based on the results, farmer’s attribution styles have important role to determine their attitude towards the activities. At the end, to increase desirable attributions among the farmers, some practical recommendations have been presented.

Educational achievement of agricultural students is one of the main concerns of higher agricultural education officials, because it is an important factor in their efficiency at work and improvement of agricultural development. Furthermore, as a large number of human resources receive agricultural education and training by universities so, recognizing the factors affecting agricultural student's achievement is a must to enhance educational planning and presenting more appropriate educational strategies. Therefore, this study aims at discovering the effective factors in bachelor agricultural students’ educational success in Yasouj University. For this purpose, a descriptive research method and a cross-sectional survey research approach were employed. Sampling procedure was stratified random sampling. Respondents were selected from two strata of outstanding and probation bachelor agricultural students. Accordingly, 55 outstanding and 54 probation bachelor students were interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire containing open and close-ended questions. In total, 109 agricultural students participated in this study. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by some educational specialists. The result of reliability analysis indicated a value of 0.69 to 0.87 for Cronbach Alpha correlation coefficient. The results indicated some factors such as gender, residence location, type of enrollment and acceptance to university were different between two types of students and theses factors affect agricultural student's educational achievement in Yasouj University. Furthermore, findings of logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, residence location, family number, academic counseling, and the need for financial aid were the best predictor for educational achievement. Therefore, improving financial aids and academic counseling were recommended.

Each educational activity must have effect otherwise it has not results except waste source (man and financial) and time. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects in-service education the present study investigate the effects Specialized Jahad-e-Kesahavarzi Organization of Ilam training of in-service on job empowering of employees Jahad-e-Kesahavarzi Organization of Ilam province survey research method with a prestructured questionnaire was verified using face validity procedure and its reliability was calculated (0.81) using cronbach`s alpha coefficient. The population of this study were all employees of Ilam Jahad-e-Kesahavarzi (n=500).A sample of 217 employee was selected and also studied using Morgan random sampling table and simple random sampling procedure. The results of correlation analysis showed that variable such as training content, strength coaches, facilities, educational environmental conditions have a statistically significant relation with job empowerment. Moreover, the results of regression revealed that variable such as improve the capabilities of trainers courses fit of training courses to the needs of the content and organization of facilities and training conditions are the most importmant variables in predicting job empowerment.

The purpose of this study was the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment among employees of Khuzestan Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. The Statistical population of the study included all of staff of Khuzestan Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources who completed secondary level of education or upper (N=210). The Statistical sample was selected through proportional stratified sampling technique (n=136). Levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment were measured using the Job Description Index (JDI) and Meyer and Allen scales. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics (Frequency, frequency percent, cumulative percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression) using the software SPSSwin16. The findings showed that Job satisfaction and organizational commitment were relatively desirable. There was a positive correlation between employees’ job satisfaction and their organizational commitment (p=0.01). Also regression analysis indicated that 31% of the variance in organizational commitment could be explained by two components of job satisfaction which are nature of job and job promotion. Therefore providing suitable conditions for increase the staff job satisfaction through considering the components of a colleague, supervisor, pay, nature of work and promotion is necessary, that can lead to increased levels of member commitment toward organization.

Drought as a recurrent phenomenon causes vulnerability for households and communities whose livelihoods depend principally on agriculture. Lack of sustainable livelihood, poverty and social inequity also pose challenges to residents of drought affected regions. While drought impacts increase in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran, understanding social vulnerability becomes more imperative. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the nature of social drought vulnerability and its determinants. A systematic sampling technique was used to collect a representative sample of fig growers of Estahban County who have experienced drought, in recent years. A total of 246 fig growers were interviewed using a questionnaire. A panel of experts verified face validity and a pilot study were used to assess the reliability of the measuring instrument. Results indicated that drought has caused reduction of bridging and bonding, loss of empathy, health and well-being of fig growers’ family members, economic impacts of drought, age, dependency ratio of income to fig production, and farm structure were also the main determinants of social vulnerability. Recommendations and implications for drought management policies are then offered to reduce social vulnerability.

Land fragmentation, as one of the structural elements of traditional agriculture, has become a major obstacle for agricultural development. Consolidation is a logical strategy for reducing the negative impacts of land fragmentation. Implementing land consolidation has some associated impacts. The main purpose of this study was to describe how farmers perceive the impacts of land consolidation by using Q-methodology. By purposeful sampling, 31 farmers were selected to participate in research. Participants were asked to rank 36 statements that were considered as the main impacts of land consolidation. Findings showed, farmers have different attitudes towards the impacts of land consolidation. In other words, they evaluate these impacts in different ways. Fifty-three percent of farmers had a positive attitude toward land consolidation, but 22 percent believed that this project has negative impacts on environment. According to farmers’ belief, the most important problem of land consolidation is the lack of their participation in planning stage. Q methodology revealed that three different attitudes toward the impacts of land consolidation including environmentalists, economists, and socialists.

In order to develop water resource, noticeable actions have been taken toward controlling and transferring fresh water. But, less actions have implemented toward water distribution in farms, because of lacking appropriate development of irrigation and drainage networks. Implementing ancillary irrigation networks is one of the main ways for enhancing water use efficiency. Therefore, this research was executed to investigate factors affecting beneficiarie's participation towards ancillary irrigation and drainage networks in Bozhan river zone, Neyshabour County. Research method was descriptive by using survey technique. The research instrument included a questionnaire. Its validity was approved by a specialists panel and a pilot study was conducted to examine its reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were from 0.70 to 0.90. All the network participants (744 beneficiaries) were the research statistical population. Proportional random sampling method was used to collect data from 254 beneficiaries. Findings of path analysis revealed that variables including visiting demonstration farms and amount of contact with extension agents had the most direct effect on beneficiarie's participation in developing ancillary irrigation and drainage networks. Also, the variables of the amount of referral of others to beneficiary (water user) and income had the most indirect effect on beneficiarie's participation in developing ancillary irrigation and drainage networks. At the end, based on the findings of the research, some executive recommendations have been presented to promote beneficiarie's participation toward development of ancillary irrigation and drainage networks.

The aims of this study were to examine risk attitude, perceptions of risk sources and risk management strategies as perceived by potato growers in Ardabil County. It is an explanatory and applied study. Descriptive- survey research method was used in this study. Potato growers of the county were consisted the statistical population of the study from which, a sample of 130 farmers was selected and the data collected using a questionnaire. The instrument was validated by a panel of experts. A pilot study was conducted for reliability with the contribution of 30 farmers. The Alpha values of 0.813, 0.906 and 0.676 reached for attitude, perception of risk sources and risk strategies scales, respectively. Results showed that most of the respondents were relatively risk averse. Regarding farm size, extension participation, nonfarm income and farm and machinery values there was significant differences between the two groups. Price fluctuations, lack of potato market, yield change, climate change, agrochemicals over application, and lack of water were key sources of risk as perceived by farmers. Six factors of risk sources viz. production and cost, sale, regulations, logistic, production security, and pests were derived from factor analysis. As well as, change in planting and harvesting times, leased or collective use of machinery, input forward purchasing, and change in irrigation systems were perceived as key strategies. Three risk management factors, viz. technology change, cost management, and resources optimum use were derived from factor analysis.

Despite cooperatives are the highest manifestations of democracy, there are a few interests towards cooperation and team work in our country. Thus, investigating the reasons beyond this and the extent by which why cooperation and team works are not welcomed by our people is really necessary. Study of factors influencing adoption of cooperation and team works, will help planners and policy makers to identify facilitators and barriers of cooperation and team works formation. So, a survey research method was used in this study to investigate factor influencing cooperation and team work based on a causal model. Data were collected using a pre designed questionnaire among a research sample consisted of 486 residents of Boyer-Ahmad County that were selected via stratified random sampling technique. After verifying validity and reliability of the questionnaire, either factors influence the supposed behavior or the effects of factors on each other were analyzed using path analysis technique. The findings showed that there is a causal and statistically significant relationship between predictor factors i.e. attitude towards cooperation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and usefulness in one hand and adoption intention as response variables in the other hand. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the models, the fit nesses of them were tested by AMOS software. Findings of this stage showed that the proposed model adequately fits collected data and also the model fits with research population’s real situation.