فصلنامه آسیب شناسی گفتار و زبان
سال یکم شماره 4 (تابستان 1393)

Due to the importance of documenting the effects of therapeutic interventions in the area of stuttering disorder، it is important to determine the effects of participation in support groups. Therefore، due to the necessity to record information related to factors influencing treatment in evidence-based speech therapy، the purpose of this study was to collect comprehensive information on the experiences of adults with stuttering from support groups in Iran and to achieve a native pattern. In this cross-sectional study 60 adults with stuttering disorder (37 males and 23 females with age range of 26 years) participated and completed a questionaire. Respondents were members of the stuttering associations in Iran. The samples were collected through non-probability and convenient method. Finally، data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 with descriptive statistic. Response providers، participated in a support group to meet other people who stutter for the first time and usually due to the relationships that were developed and the technique which practiced،they continued their participation. They also reported that their participation in a support group had positive effective on their opinion about speech-language pathologists. And in many cases their willingness to pursue treatment has increased. Findings of this study suggest that people with stuttering have obtained useful experience in various areas of their participation in a support group.

Different patterns of word retrieval and naming deficits are observed among aphasics and Alzheimer patients in clinical settings. The Persian Object Picture Naming Battery (Nili Pour, 2005) as a clinical linguistic Battery to measure naming deficits in Persian speaking patients was first developed based on the format of Armstrong Naming Battery (Armstrong, 1996) and has been used by clinicians for some time. In this paper we report on measures of reliability and validity of this battery based on the results obtained from Persian speaking aphasic and Alzheimer patients. In this descriptive analytic study, we are reporting on reliability and validity of object Picture Naming Battery based on the data taken from 59 aphasics and 10 Alzheimer patients referred to different clinics. The validity of this battery is reported based on internal consistency and the test retest results. The reliability of the battery and the subtests were also measured. The differential diagnosis of aphasic and Alzheimer patients to different patterns of naming is also reported as another evidence of validity of the battery. Based on the results, the internal consistency of the test was 0.96 and the test re-test correlation coefficient was 0.87 (P>0.01). The correlation between the scores of this battery and naming sub-test of Persian Aphasia Battery (PAB) was 0.58 (P>0.01). Based on the results, Alzheimer patients’ responses to semantic cueing was significantly better than semantic cueing as compared to aphasic patients. The overall results indicate that Persian Picture Naming Battery has appropriate validity and reliability as a clinical tool to measure naming deficits in Persian speaking aphasic and Alzheimer patients. It can also differentiate different patterns of naming deficits in aphasics and Alzheimer patients using phonological and semantic cueing.

Stuttering is a complicated disorder which results in negative sensation to both speaker and hearer; reaction of hearer can have a significant effect on their comprehension to individuals who stutter. The aim of the present study was to determine the underlying factors associated with behavioral intention communication with people stuttering.Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 high school students in Hamedan city who were selected through stratified random sampling. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect field background data and behavior intention scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 using t-test, and ANOVA. The mean score of behavioral intention toward communication with people who stutter were 6.76±2.50 (range of 0 to 15). Boy biligual students living with more populated families and having parents with higher level of education showed higher score of behavior intention communication with people stuttering. Our findings indicated that the subjects generally received 45% of scores for behavioral intention communication with people stuttering; this suggests the low behavioral intention communication with people stuttering.

Gestural facilitation of naming (GES) is one of the existing methods for treatment of anomia.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of this treatment on word retrieval in patients with aphasia.Methods and Materials: This interventional single-subject study with ABA design was performed on two right-handed Persian-speaking aphasic patients who were selected using judgmental sampling method. Exclusion criteria were severe motor speech disorder and auditory comprehension impairments. N.Z with broca aphasia who had phonological problems and R.B with wernicke aphasia who suffered from semantic deficits, both with moderate aphasia participated in this study. Each patient was individually treated with GES protocol of Raymer and colleagues during 10 sessions. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by visual analysis, the calculation of effect size and the slope, trend and level changes. The amount of effect size and Linear Trend line of correct responses percentage of trained words in confrontational naming task after intervention in N.Z were, respectively 3.9 and 4.5 and in R.B were 2.33 and 6.27. Both patients had improvements in naming of trained words and control words. Improvements of two patients who were examined one week later were maintained at a higher level than baseline. Results of the present study and also findings of previous researches in other languages confirmed the efficacy of verbal plus gestural training to improve word retrieval processing in the aphasic patients with phonological errors.

The results of some studies show that in natural growth of the language, there is a difference between boys and girls. The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of verb inflection in boys and girls of Rasht.Methods and Materials: This study was descriptive-analytical study. The participants included 27 girls and 28 boys who were in age group 3 and 4 years old. They were selected by multistage sampling method of Rasht kindergartens. 8 tasks were used for valuating verb tense inflection, includng: Two optional task,Question task, Sentence completion 1, Sentence completion 2, Immediate repetition, Modelling 1, Modeling 2, Story completion. The tenses that were evaluated included: past simple, present perfect, past continuous, past perfect, simple present, present subjunctive. The results of study were analyzed using central tendency including the mean, measures of variability including the standard deviation (or variance) and independent-samples T test with the use of SPSS 16. The results of independent-samples T test showed no significant difference between girls and boys, but there was little difference between mean scores of them. In Sentence completion 1 and Question, boys were better than girls. In story completion, they were the same and girls were better in Sentence completion 2, Modelling 1 and Modeling 2. There was no significant difference between girls and boys in verb tense inflection tasks.

Purpose of this research was to determine the effect of perceptual-motor games on Visual processing - Spatial in Children with developmental coordination disorder.Methods and Materials: Semi Experimental study with pre-test/post-test. Statistical population consisted of all first-grade girl with developmental coordination disorder in Isfahan in the 92-93 school year. In order to conduct this study 30 children with developmental coordination disorder daughter to a multistage random sampling method was selected and randomly assigned group of experimental and control (15 children in the experimental group and 15 children in the control group). Conner’s questionnaires and DCD questionnaires used in the study. Perceptual motor games-based intervention were tested for 16 sessions on Experimental group. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Perceptual motor games can improve language skills in children with Developmental coordination disorder (P<0.001). Early detection and intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder can be effective in the treatment and progress of the children’s language skills.

This study aimed to compare social anxiety level in deaf and hearing female students aged 12-14 years old.Methods and Materials: The present applied research was done with field study method. The statistical population consisted of hearing and deaf female adolescents aged 12-14 years old studying at District 17 of Tehran Education Department, Tehran, Iran. The sample size included 60 subjects (30 hearing female students and 30 deaf female students). At first, the sampling was done by cluster random and then the convenient method. The Leibowitz social anxiety scale for children and adolescents (LSAS–CA) was used for data collection. Then, the acquired data were analyzed with SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was done using the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical by independent t test. The mean scores of social anxiety, functional anxiety, and functional avoidance of deaf students was significantly higher than those of the hearing students (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between scores of social avoidance in hearing and deaf students. The results of this study reveal that deaf students experience social anxiety, functioanl anxiety, and functional avoidance more than hearing students. This issue highlights paying attention to mental health of deaf children and adolescents.

Stuttering is a speech disorder that begins in early years of life, shortly after language development begins. It is one of the most prevalent developmental disorders. Children with stuttering have a problem with neural processing of speech that involve genetics. The symptom in childhood is interrupted speech production with effort and often with rapid onset. If stuttering is not treated in childhood,it becomes intract able and causes psychological, social and educational problems. There is evidence in support of early intervention during the pre-school years. The aim of this study was to review the stuttering in children in aspect of etiology and early interventions. For conducting this study, some data based systems like Elsevier, Scopus, and Science direct were used. Studies were searched with key-words of children stuttering, early intervention, and treatment of stuttering since 2000 to 2014. Meta-analysis studies have showed that children who receive early intervention have 7.7 times more improvement of their stuttering. Early intervention is recommended by speech pathologist. Some children improve without intervention. However, the number of these recoveries is not clear, and it is not possible to predict which children will recover naturally. The best approach in children with stuttering is monitoring them for signs of natural recovery for up to 1 year before beginning treatment.