دو ماهنامه میکروب شناسی پزشکی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

Background and Use OF standard methods for bacterial diagnosis and antibiogram in the on time and effectiveness treatment of disease has an important role in development of health and prevention of drug resistance. This research designed in basis of different diagnostic results and antibiogram in educational and non educational hospitals. In this study, positive bacteriological cultures of hospital laboratories determined on basis standard protocol. All of bacteria studied in basis of genius, souch and antibiogram was performed with kerbibuer methods. Among 101 samples, 20 percent of diagnostics and 22.5% of drug sensitivity with use of antibiogram discs was incorrect and there was significance difference between two groups in bacterial souch diagnosis and sensitivity to some of drugs(p<0.05). Omnipresence of external and internal Quality control program in some of labs in different hospital units, 20 % of bacteria laboratory diagnostic in this study were not corrected. Different results among laboratories, incorrect antibiogram and wrong laboratory reports in basis of results cause many bad outcomes for people that continuous education is necessary about microbiology backgrounds and use of standard protocols in bacteria genius diagnosis and drug sensitivity.

During the past two decades Entrococci have acquired resistance to a number of clinically important antimicrobial agent so that treatment infection caused by these Bacteria is so difficult were studied treat. Entrococci with various levels of resistance to vancomycin are now reported with increasing frequency from all over the world. vanA and vanB are associated with inducible high level resistance to vancomycine among Entrococci. In this projects frequency drug resistance among Entrococcus faecium and Entrococcus faecalis strains and detection of vanA/B genes in vancomycin resistance strains by PCR method. 180 isolates of Entrococci were taken in Kerman shah and Ilam hospitals. Entrococci were identified by standard methods. Sensitivity testing was carried out with standard disc diffusion method due to CLSI procedure with 12 different antibiotics. MIC was determined for vancomycin resistance isolates by the E.test method. PCR used for detection of vanA and vanB genes. Of 180 isolates, 128 isolates were E. faecalis and 52 isolates were E. faecium. The rates of resistance antibiotic were in the following order erythromycin61/1%,ampicilin59/4%,Gentamicin2/2%,cefotaxime18/3%, vancomycin 8/3%,meropenem5/5%,chloramphenicol36/1%,streptomycin31/1%, tetracycline 24/4%, lincomycin14/4%, Ticoplanin 21/1%, amikacin and ciprofloxacin3/8%. MIC was 32-256μg/ml for isolates resistance to vancomycin. Between of 15 isolates 12 vanA obtained and no other gene was found in our isolate. This study showed that frequency of vanA Among Entrococci isolates is not common and just in 12 isolates vanA gene were found. Although vanB gene was not observed among isolates.

Background and abjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important Pathogens in Nosocomial infections. One of the S.aureus toxins is pyrogenic toxins entrotoxins. Some strains prodused one or more 19 types enterotoxin. The objective of this study is evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus strains producing entrotoxin genes isolated from burned patients. In this sectional study, by using PCR technique determine entrotoxine encoding genes sea, seb, sec, sed of 100 isolated samples from burned patients wound of Motahari Hospital. The result PCR showed of totally 100 isolated S.aureus, 12% produced sea, 1% produced seb, 35% produced sec and 3% sed gene. Which 42% of samples produced both enterotoxins, that 2% produced sea + seb, 32% sea+sec, 2% produced sea + sed and 6% produced sec + sed. According to the importance entrotoxins is as superantigen and play clinical role in emergence of field diseases and also production of this toxin by clinical strains has great importance that in case of expression of these genes, immediate treatment of infection seems vital.

Producing and recognition Vitamin B12 transmitter protein from Ecoli O157.H7 btuB gene of Ecoli O157.H7 by using PCR proliferation and in pET28 a (t) vector cloned. resulted structure confirmed by means of limiting Anzyme Analysis and DNA sequence determination. pET28a(+) – btuB transformed in Ecoli Bl21 and recombinant btuB experission with His-Taq C-terminal performed successfully. a 66 kiloDoulton Band observed in gell which indicated BtuB protein. Proliferation btuB gene and producing of BtuB protein with molecular weight 66 kilo Dalton.

Staphylococcus aureus is the aetiological agent of a wide range of infections. The role of staphylococcus aureus an important infection pathogen is clearly determined. But one of the major challenge of human is the antibiotic resistance because of vast prescription of the antibiotics. The purpose of this investigation was to determine low power laser and caffeic acid effects on S. aureus and whether this strategy could be used to kill the bacteria in vitro. In vitro investigation of antibacterial properties of Low-power laser and caffeic acid carried out on clinical and standard strains of S. aureus. The samples from 10 cases were collected from wounded of the skin in burning infection. S. aureus species in the samples were identified by standard morphology, microscopy, and biochemistry and PCR tests. Then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caffeic Acid were determined for the microorganism by macro dilution method. The samples were exposed to 2mW He-Ne laser for 2 or 3 min in the presence of sub MIC concentration caffeic acid separately or together and then cultured on nutrient agar and then incubated in 37°C 24 h and after that number of colonies was counted to quantification bacterial cell death. Certain concentrations of the extracts showed significant antibacterial effect on the strains. Extracts with 20 mg concentration showed defined growth inhibitory effect and 30 mg concentration showed both inhibitory and bactericidal effects on all of the given bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined 7mM for S. aureus, 6.5 and 6.75 mM considered as sub-MIC concentrations. Triplicate data of colony count showed that caffeic acid suppresses the colony production of the staphylococcus in a concentration dependent manner in comparison with control group (p<0.0001). Invitro studies of low power laser (2mW) effects show its suppressive properties in exposure time dependent manner. The difference between 3 and 2min laser exposures show significant decreasing of colonies growth (p<0.0001). There was same difference between 2min and control without exposure (p<0.0001). Co-exposure of samples with laser and caffeic acid show a synergetic effect in the colony formation reduction in comparison with sole caffeic acid (p<0.0001) or laser (p<0.0001). In this study Low-power He-Ne laser suppressed the colony formation of staphylococcus aureus growth and co-exposure of laser and caffeic acid boosted the bactericidal effectiveness.

HTLV-1 is the first declared Retrovirus that cause disease in human. physio pathology of HTLV-1 related diseases, was linked with tax protein characteristic.Use of mutant Tax proteins accompanied by immune regulator drugs could help treating HTLV1 Associated Myelopathy patients as a modulator of potent immune response against this viral protein.Since Tax protein is not commercially available, produce of recombinant Tax protein was targeted for this study. Matherial and Coding sequence of Tax protein (contain R222K mutant) in the pcDNA3.1(+) digested with BamHI and XhoI restriction enzymes then removed and then inserted into the expression vector pET32a(+) within the same cutting site s and cloned into Ecoli DH5α. Recombinant vector was confirmed with enzyme digestive processes,colony PCR and sequencing of cloned gene and then expression vector. E-coli Rosetta (DE3) was transformed with the recombinant plasmid and the expression was induced. The expression of protein was assayed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Using monoclonal antibodies against Tax and 5His epitope. Finally antigenic characteristic of the recombinant protein was evaluated by wester n blotting against patient serums. presence of Tax protein band in the recording of SDS-PAGE and Westernblot was confirmed.western blotting the recombinant protein with patient sera showed the band related to Tax protein. The expression recombinant protein is well produced and could be detected by patient's sera,making it eligible to be used as a recombinant viral antigen for future purposes.

In the present decade, the term ‘scientific production’ was considered as one of the important topics. The aim of this study was to investigate international present situation of scientific productions of Iranian's researchers in parasitology field. This scientometric study was conducted using bibliographic records from the ISI databases restricted to a periodic domain during 1980-2009 regarding scientific productions of Iran in parasitology domain. Out of 72,229 articles written by Iranian authors during 1980-2009, a total of 392 articles (0.54 %) were in the domain of parasitology. Some of these articles are due to collaborative works and some of them are non-collaborative ones. Iranian authors of parasitology have many collaborative articles with their counterparts in United Kingdom (U.K). Moreover, Mohebali with 26 articles was the most productive scientists of parasitology, as well Tehran University of Medical Sciences with 114 records (29.08%) was the most productive institution in the field of parasitology. Our results indicated that the scientific productions trend including research and write down in the domain of parasitology have considerable been increased in 2008. As a whole,the journal entitled "Parasitology Research " published the 65 citations of all parasitology articles corresponding Iranian researchers.