نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 28 (تابستان 1392)

People who exhibit field dependence tend to rely on information provided by the outerworld, the field or frame of a situation and their cognitions based on this overall field. Hence, the research purpose is to investigate the relationship between field independence and dependence, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and meta-cognitive beliefs in a nonclinical sample of students. Therefore, a sample of 300 university students was randomly selected from among the Islamic Azad University located in the west ofMazandaran and tested in terms of field independence and dependence, obsessivecompulsive symptoms and meta-cognitive beliefs. Data that were analyzed usingcorrelation coefficient and multivariate regression indicated that there is significant negative relationship between filed dependence-independence and obsessive-compulsivesymptoms. However, significant and positive relationship was observed between the metacognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The subscales of positive beliefs about worry, uncontrollability of danger and cognitive self-awareness were the strongest predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the nonclinical sample. Moreover, it seems that recognition and change of meta-cognitive beliefs in relation to the uncontrollability of danger, cognitive self-awareness and positive beliefs about worryshould be taken into consideration in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Sexual activity is regarded as one of the most fundamental aspects of life. The researchpurpose is to investigate the relationship between activating cognitive schemas, negativeautomatic thoughts and sexual arousal in married female college students. Therefore, in adescriptive study based on regression, a sample of 125 female married students was selected from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad through the convenience sampling and wastested in terms of the sexual performance, activation of cognitive schemas in sexual context and sexual styles. Results of the regression analysis indicated that activating cognitive schemas and negative automatic thoughts are correlated to sexual arousal. Moreover, sexual abuse automatic thoughts were negatively correlated to the lack of stimulating thoughts, lack of desirable body image and sexual arousal of married women. The results of this research indicated that sexual arousal can be predicted by negative automatic thoughts and cognitive schemas. These findings confirm that cognitive schemasand negative automatic thoughts are the influencing variables of married women’s sexualarousal.

Nearly half of patients with mental disorders suffer from personality disorders. Borderlinepersonality disorder is more prevalent among the individuals with clinical personality disorder. Continuous damages that are brought about by this disorder affect the entirerange of life, including the employment, education and marriage. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to assess the effect of dialectical behavioral therapy in decreasing the symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Therefore, with employing a semiexperimental method, three patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder were assessed during 25 sessions of dialectic behavioral therapy and in terms of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Moreover, patients were reassessed subsequent to end of sessions and for following up the results of the intervention. One-war variance analysis with repeated measure indicated that dialectic behavioral therapy is effective in the decrease of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and the results proved to be stable over time. It appears that, dialectic behavior therapy can decrease the continuous damages of this disorder throughout life and the educational, academic, marital and interpersonal realms. These findings emphasize the need of patients’ active participation in the process of changing themselves, the main role of psychotherapy and the intervention of a clinical psychologist for primary cares and coordinating the patients’ care.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a collection of emotional symptoms, with or without physical symptoms, related to a woman's menstrual cycle that decrease by bleeding andaffects the sufferers’ personal and social performance. The research purpose is to draw acomparison of the effectiveness of relaxation therapy and pharmaceutical therapy in decreasing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, in a semi-experimentalstudy with control group, a sample of 26 women diagnosed with premenstrual syndromeparticipated voluntarily and were assigned to three 12-individual groups of control, experimental 1 (Compound Cyproterone contraceptive pills for three menstrual cycles) and experimental 2 (3 times of weekly relaxation for three menstrual cycles and reading selflearning notes). The groups were tested with regard to depression, premenstrual syndrome and depression prior to and subsequent to intervention. The results of covariance analysis indicated that pharmaceutical therapy, relaxation and reading self-learning notes can decrease the symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome among the sufferers. It seems that relaxation training and pharmaceutical therapy can decrease the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Social cognitive information processing includes a wide set of processes and practices that allow individuals to understand, operate, and benefit from their interpersonal world. Emotion recognition is one of the most important components of social cognition. The research purpose is to draw a comparison of recognition of facial affect in patients suffering from schizophrenia and normal individuals. Therefore, in a casual-comparative study, a sample of 96 individuals in the age range of 18 to 55 years (51 individuals suffering from schizophrenia and 45 normal individuals) was selected through convenience sampling and tested by the recognition of facial affect. The variance analysis indicated that patients suffering from schizophrenia have weaker levels of recognition of facial affects. On the other hand, the performance of schizophrenic patients in recognition ofnegative affects was weaker than positive affect and the same model was observed among healthy individuals. It seems that, we should devote special attention to social cognition specially the recognition of affects in the treatment of schizophrenic patients.

Memories of autobiographical memory include the personal events that we experience and interpersonal relationships that occupy significant role in the early years of life and constituting the memories. The research purpose was to assess the structural model of attachment style relationships, autobiographical memory and identity style. Therefore, in a descriptive-correlation study, a number of 350 male and female students were selected through multi-stage sampling and tested with regard to the attachment style, identity style and autobiographical memory. The results of structural equation modeling (Lisrel) indicated that secure attachment style and insecure avoidant style influence the the identity styles with the mediating role of autobiographical memory. Moreover, insecure anxiety attachment style influences the identity styles without the mediating role ofautobiographical memory. Such findings are of crucial importance in terms of applied application by the clinical psychologists. Therapists who consider the memories of therapeutic value in the therapy sessions and therapist who study the mediating role of the function of autobiographical memories can make use of the strategies that increase the function of the memory in helping the adolescents and adults with identity and attachment styles’ problems.

Personality can be defined as relatively fixed models of explicit behavioral responses in regular life. Three clusters of personality disorder have been introduced based on common and explicit features. The features of type-B cluster disorders are regarded as dramatic, emotional or irregular behaviors. The research purpose is to predict cluster-B personality models based on sensation-seeking and brain-behavioral systems. Therefore, in a descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 350 university students was selected through convenience sampling and tested by personality disorders, sensation seeking and behavioral activation. Results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that, sensation-seeking was a significant and positive predictor of narcissistic personality. Results also indicated that behavioral activation system can predict all the personality models of cluster-B. Moreover, it seems that sensation-seeking and brain-behavioral systems arecorrelated to personality models and can predict the personality models of cluster B.

Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behavior. Therefore, the research purpose is to investigate the effectiveness of intervention based on the applied analysis of behavior in the increase of social-relational skills and decrease of stereotyped behavior in autistic children. Therefore, a semi-experimental method with pretest, post-test and control group design was employed. A group of 40 children diagnosed with autism was selected through random and convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 6 month of applied analysis of behavior (30 hours of weekly sessions). It’s noteworthy that the groups were tested in terms of stereotyped behavior, social interaction and relationship prior to and subsequent to the training. Covariance analysis indicated that, intervention based on applied analysis of behavior is effective in the increase of social-correlational skills and decrease of children’s stereotyped behavior. The results of follow-up study indicated that, the results are stable even after 6 months. It seems that, the intervention based on applied analysis of behavior can be effective in the increase of socialrelational skills, decrease of stereotyped behavior and higher adjustment of children diagnosed with autism.