نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 34 (زمستان 1393)

In an emotional waterfall model، in order to avoid maladaptive emotional regulation strategies to externalization، people with borderline personality venture out on externalization of violence towards their spouse. Yet gender differences in this model is ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in the structural model in which borderline personality and emotional regulation strategies، thought rumination and suppression of thought is predicted in a form of domestic violence model. For this purpose، in a descriptive study، correlational type 311 married students were selected. They were tested in terms of conflict tactics، borderline signs، ruminative response styles and repression. Findings indicated that the study structural model fit with data of both groups of men and women in a different way. In this study، the relationship between borderline personality and rumination، as well as the relationship between borderline personality and domestic violence were stronger in women than men. It seems Neuroticism trait may be a factor causing women with borderline personality get more involved with different forms of violence، including domestic violence.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women which leaves a profound impact on psychosocial health، and quality of life in women. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment on quality of life in women with breast cancer. To this end، in a semi-experimental study، 30 women with breast cancer were selected in available samples from Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital. They were randomly assigned into two groups of experiment (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute group intervention based on acceptance and commitment. The control group did not undergo any intervention. Both the pre-test and post-test groups were evaluated in terms of quality of life. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that the quality of life therapy plan in subjects who were in experimental group has improved in dimensions of physical health، psychological health and social relations. It can be said that group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment، is an effective way to enhance quality of life in breast cancer patients.

In cognitive flexibility theory، mental health is considered to be an acceptance of self’s internal and external environments، self-acceptance and commitment to activities which are consistent in terms of value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility of depressed people. To this end، during the pre-test and post-test، in a semi-experimental study with a control group، 37 students of Ahvaz University who had mild symptoms of depression were selected using purposive sampling. They were randomly divided into two groups of control and experiment (21 patients in the experimental group and 16 patients in the control group). The groups were tested both at the beginning and at the end of the study، in terms of depression and cognitive flexibility. The experimental group underwent cognitive behavioral group therapy for two months (8 sessions of 90 minutes each). Mankva analysis indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective on increasing cognitive flexibility and this effect continues until the follow up stage. It seems that using cognitive-behavioral techniques and exercises، we can increase flexibility and eventually improve mood.

Attention deficit disorder / hyperactivity in adults is something beyond the initial diagnostic symptoms of inattention، impulsivity and hyperactivity، and deficits in executive functioning should also be considered in the semiotics of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of deficits in time management، self-motivation، self-control، self-organization / problem-solving and self-regulation of emotions in anticipation of attention deficit / hyperactivity symptoms. For this purpose in a descriptive study of correlational type، 302 undergraduate and graduate students (139 males and 163 females) were selected from available samples. They were evaluated in terms of deficits in executive functioning and attention deficit disorder / hyperactivity symptoms in adults. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the deficits of self-motivation of executive actions، emotional self-regulation، self-organizing / problem-solving and self-control predicts symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity in adults. It seems that deficits in executive functioning should be considered in symptoms of attention deficit disorder / hyperactivity in adults.

One of the research goals in psychology approaches، is to understand the factors that contribute to vulnerability of people. Investigation and identification of psychological and physical vulnerability factors has created a new orientation in prevention، diagnosis and adoption of the treatment method. People might have special physical and psychological vulnerabilities that predispose them to mental and physical disorders. Alexithymia is one of the traumatic variables. This study aims to predict psychological and physical vulnerabilities based on alexithymia. In this study، the moderator role of gender and marriage is studied in the relationship between psychological and physical vulnerability with alexithymia. 206 men and 193 women from the general population of Tehran participated in this study. The participants completed the symptoms Check list and the 20-itemToronto alexithymia scale. The results indicated that alexithymia has significant difference with psychological vulnerability and physical vulnerability at p<0. 01 level. Marriage، also has the role of moderator in the relationship between alexithymia and physical vulnerability. Based on these findings، it can be concluded that early detection of alexithymia، can help prevent physical and psychological damage. We can also manage and treat alexithymia in the context of intervention models.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic disease of the central nervous system associated with demyelination of nerve neurons. This disease causes the person to have stress، depression and distress and affects the sensory and motor function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment based on acceptance and commitment in reducing dysfunctional thoughts and the distress of MS patients. For this purpose، 24 people were selected from the patients who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. They were randomly divided into two groups of experiment and control. Both groups were tested both before and after the training sessions and 2 months later، in terms of the amount of distress and dysfunctional thoughts. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of treatment based on acceptance and commitment. The control group did not undergo any training. The results of analysis of covariance indicted that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing dysfunctional thoughts and distress in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore، using this method patients are helped to reduce distress، dysfunctional thoughts and the spread of distress and dysfunctional thoughts.

Hopelessness، or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state، in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the children and adolescents'' hopelessness scale in Iran’s society. To this end، 244 students from 8 to 15 years of age in Tehran city were tested by children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale and children''s hope scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicted that children’s hopelessness scale has a three factor scale. There was a negative correlation and significant difference between the lack of understanding the way to achieve the objectives، lack of feeling subjectivity، the total score of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale with the received hope scale. This reflected the divergent validity of the children’s hope scale. Findings indicated internal consistency and eligible reliability of this scale in Iranian students. Many studies support the results of the current research and confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In this research، a promising evidence about the psychometric properties of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale was received in Iranian society.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder which is characterized by persistent re-experiencing، avoidance، arousal and cognitive and emotional symptoms in direct or indirect response while faced with traumatic events. Post-traumatic stress disorder، will cause several problems in behavior. Although adults with post-traumatic stress disorder suffer from memory impairment، but little information is available on children’s field suffering post-traumatic stress disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate autobiographical memory in the immigrant adolescents with traumatic stress disorder. For this purpose، in a comparative study، 22 young immigrants suffering the disease were selected as the target group، and they were compared to 22 young immigrant who did not have any criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder in terms of the autobiographical memory، anxiety and depression. Comparing the means indicated that people with post-traumatic stress disorder are significantly weaker than normal in the autobiographical memory function. While there was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of depression and anxiety. The current studies suggest that the autobiographical memory of post-traumatic stress disorder should be considered as an important factor in diagnostic and therapeutic study.