نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 47 (بهار 1397)

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the main psychological challenges of current era. This issue explains the necessity of undertaking various and extensive diagnostic and therapeutically investigations on this disorder. In this regard, the accurate assessment of the clinical signs of obsessive - compulsive disorder is a crucial factor to need the most suitable therapeutic   outcomes. The main purpose of this research is to compare responses of obsessive – compulsive patients with the ones of normal people, in Obsessive Style Index (OBS) of Rorschach inkblots test. In order to do this 120 people (60 men and 60 women) of 20 – 50 years old people were selected among obsessive – compulsive patients and normal people in Tehran using the accessible sampling method. All of the samples responded to Rorschach inkblots test. The result of chi – square indicated significant differences between of obsessive- compulsive patients and normal people in Obsessive Style Index and its variables, and 68% of obsessive- compulsive patient's protocols were positive. No significant difference was observed between male and female obsessive- compulsive patients in Obsessive Style Index. It seems, according to the findings of this study, the Obsessive Style Index is capable in seperation of obsessive- compulsive patients from normal people in the investigated clinical Iranian samples group  and  this index can be used as an effective tool for diagnosis of obsessive- compulsive disorder.

ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease in which psychological factors play an important role in creating, sustaining and exacerbating of it. This study aimed to compare the psychological adjustment and type D personality in patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy people in the city of Isfahan. This was a case-control study. The sample consisted of 60 patients with UC referred to gastroenterologists of Noor Hospital who were randomly selected. Control sample was selected from family members of UC patients who did not have gastrointestinal diseases.  Then the two groups completed Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Endler and Parker, 1990) and personality type D (Denollet, 2005). To analyze the data, Chi-Square test, T-test and multi-way ANOVA (MANOVA) was used. The results showed that there were no significant differences in coping strategies and negative affectivity between two groups of patients with UC and healthy people (P> 0.01), but patients with UC showed more emotional inhibition (P> 0.01).This study showed that patients with UC have problems in expressing of their negative emotions with others. So training appropriate strategies for expressing negative emotions plays important role in the treatment and prevention of this disorder.

Although the definition of sexual abuse is slightly different for the child and the adult, but it generally refers to behavior that is intended to achieve sexual pleasure without mutual rational consent. Earlier studies indicate that this phenomenon has a devastating effect on the general and mental health of victims. The purpose of this study was to compare the general health status of students with & without history of sexual abuse. For this purpose, in a comparative post-event study that included 256volunteer students in Tehran (fall & winter 1395), the general health status and history of sexual abuse among subjects were studied and compared. The results of U Mann-Whitney tests (Bonferroni corrected), indicated that the general health of the group with a history of sexual abuse was more threatened than the normal group. Also among the different subscales of general health include Somatic symptoms, Depression, Anxiety and insomnia and Social dysfunction, only somatic symptoms was different significantly between two groups and it was more complained in abused group. It should be noted that distribution of depression was not significantly different between two groups, but it was near significant level and the group with a history of sexual abuse was more complained. Despite the simple research method and conditions in all various stages of this study, it seems that the phenomenon of sexual abuse and its complications is also serious in our country (Iran).

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder characterized by repeated experience of traumatic event, avoidance of stimulus memories of the traumatic event and extreme arousal and negative changes in cognition and mood.The aim of this study was to compare the meta-cognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and normal subjects. For this purpose, in a post-event study, among patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in families referred to the psychiatric clinics of Tabriz, 40 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and 40 normal subjects were selected in an accessible method and they were tested in terms of meta-cognitive beliefs, thought control strategies and Post-Traumatic Stress. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that that the mean scores of meta-cognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in patient with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is significantly more than normal subjects. It seems patients with Post-Traumatic Stress have, thought control strategies that are less efficient and more disturbed meta-cognitive beliefs. The findings also have important implications for the psychopathology and treatment of these patients.

People with body dysmorphic disorders always concern about an artificial or excessive deficit  and have mental obsession. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy on reducing body dysmorphic symptoms and early maladaptive schemas in girl students with overweight concerns.  For this purpose, during a two-stage sampling method, some students were chosen based on Cluster sampling method. Then, all students were screened using the Killen Weight Concerns Questionnaire (WCS) and 30 students were selected as the second stage of sampling in a simple random sampling and randomly placed in 2 experimental and control groups. During the experiment, obssesive compulsive thoughts and schemas were assessed, and also, 12 sessions of group schema therapy were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the two groups have significantly different meanings for body dysmorphic variables, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, and over-vigilance and Inhibition (p< 0.05) disconnection and rejection and directedness (p> 0.05). Group schema therapy has been able to effectively useful in reducing body dysmorphic symptoms in girls with overweight concerns. Also, three domains of early maladaptive schemas (autonomy, limitation, and vigilance) from all five domains have been influenced by group schema therapy, decreased in scores.

Suicidal behavior is a major problem worldwide and at the same time has received relatively little empirical attention. Interpersonal Psychological Theory believed that suicidalityy is caused by two risk factors of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. The aim of this research was to Analyze the mediating Role of the Interpersonal Model of Suicide (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) in relation between Mattering and Suicide in students. For this reason, through descriptive Research in the form of correlation and Structural Equation Model, 333 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili selected by available sampling and Measured in regard to Interpersonal Needs, Mattering, and Suicidal Behavior. Correlation results showed that mattering has a direct correlation with interpersonal needs variable and also Suicide. Interpersonal needs have a direct correlation with Suicide. Indirect relations showed that mattering was correlated with suicide with mediating interpersonal needs. With regard to these findings, we can conclude that the joiner Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has a good fitness for predicting suicide, and Mattering variable can help us in predicting suicide within the scope of this theory and finally we can use it for preventing suicide.

Obsessive-compulsive is a disabling psychiatric disorder that often leads to significant problems in the usual way of life, job performance, social activities, and interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the mediation role of self-efficacy and thought fusion in the relationship between perceived parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. For this purpose, in the descriptive correlational study among second-grade high school students in Tehran, 349 students from 8 schools were selected and evaluated in terms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, general self-efficacy, thought fusion and parental perception. Data analysis performed using structural equation modeling indicated that the thought fusion the relationship between mother's parenting style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and self-efficacy mediate the relationship between each of two parent's parenting style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms negatively and significantly. It seems that mothers whose patterns of mother-child relationship show characteristics such as formal communication, highlighting borders and distances, and lack of emotion, eye contact and embrace, or accept their child's conditional form, prevent the formation of unconditional acceptance in their children and forming excessive responsibility, the formation of thought fusion and obsession in their offspring.

Emotion regulation difficulties and attachment styles play an important role in the formation of depressive, anxious and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare difficulties in emotion regulation and attachment styles in people with major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and normal individuals. For this purpose, 160 participants (40 depressed patients, 40 anxious patients, 40 obsessive-compulsive patients, 40 normal individuals) were selected by purposive sampling method in a causal-comparative study and were evaluated in terms of emotion regulation difficulties and attachment. The results of MANOVA and Tukey test showed that there was a significant difference between the clinical groups with normal individuals in total score of emotion regulation difficulty and attachment styles. The results also revealed a significant difference of emotion regulation difficulties between anxious/depressed patients and obsessive-compulsive patients. No statistically significant difference was found between the attachment styles of clinical groups. The results of the present study could be used in diagnosis and differentiate among these three high prevalent comorbid disorders. The findings could be used in preventive and therapeutical programs for emotional problems.