فصلنامه سیاست
سال چهل و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، تابستان 1392)

Following the first part of our article on Literature Review and Systematic Review، in this second part we elaborate in detail the importance of systematic review and its method to improve the skills in this regard. To prepare a literature review، one has to define research domain، to find appropriate sources، to organize findings، to validate prior researches، and to put them in logical sequence. By systematic review we mean aggregating researches to be verified (quantitatively in preference). It help us elaboration and examination of theories.

The brilliant and effective role of Shahid Motahari in 40&50 decades in familiarizing the young generation with pure Islam، struggling thinking deviation and institutionalizing Islamic thoughts in line of Islamic Revolution led by Imam Khomeini reveal the need to know Motahari and his scientific life and era. To know a person according to Quentin Skinner the bases and fields in which his characteristics have been formed should be taken into account; the effective features influencing on the character of Shahid Motahari may include: the dictatorship space of Pahlavi era، activation of Marcsism، Nationalism &Liberalism activities، religious Intellectualism، changes within Hozah، and beginning of Imam Khameini movement. Studying the political and scientific life of Dr. Motahari indicates that he has both been influenced from and reacted affirmatively on theorization and transformation space in which he followed his scientific، political and challenging activities. So this paper tries to facilitate understanding recognision categories of this thinker of Hozah and his time.

Although the macro-economic policies of the country have changed from time to time in the Iranian contemporary history، still the nature and structure of state economy and the integration of the major parts of Iranian economy into the core of state capitalism and its semi-state satellites have been maintained. Therefore، the Iranian economy has experienced an identical process due to the lack of transition from state and semi-state capitalism to a logical and balanced synthesis of the functions of state and market in the economy. The primary concern and central objective of this article are to investigate the political-economic nature and causes of the non-development of privatization and to understand the continuous historical process during which the core of state capitalism has been acutely developed and reproduced in the contemporary history of Iran. In contrast، it endeavours to demonstrate، the private sector of Iranian economy has only enjoyed limited chances of and conditions for generating [property] ownership، capital accumulation، and economic growth، as well as for playing a key role in the power structure of political economy and development process in Iran. The article critiques the reductionist nature of the existing literature on the subject، and shows، by using a new theoretical approach called the “paradigm of power،” that it is not possible to understand the nature and internal logic of the tendency of the dominant elite in Islamic Republic paradigm of power towards the development of state capitalism and non-development of private sector in economy without taking into account the historical process of the formation، evolution، and establishment of this paradigm of power in society and particularly without considering their preferred nature of order in the areas of capital accumulation، hegemony، identity and legitimacy (as metonymic causations or the central and hard core of these paradigm of power).

This study analyzes Iranian government''s economic policies within the years 30-32 and focuses on its approaches to deal with deficit and its means of making a balance in foreign payments.

The BRICS has already appeared as the main challenging rival for the Western-dominated economic model and this trend will most likely continue in coming years. Obviously، energy security would be a top priority for this new emergence coalition، particularly China and India، while Russia and Brazil are the least dependent of energy import and South Africa sits in the middle. Global energy demand will increase، so non-hydrocarbons grow faster than hydrocarbons، however natural gas is the fastest-growing fossil fuels in the energy markets all over the world. As a result، energy relationships with other hydrocarbon-rich countries، notably main gas suppliers، outside the BRICS، seem vital. Iran، as the second hydrocarbons holder worldwide with its outstanding geo-economic geo-politics and geo-strategic position، is situated in the centre of the global ‘strategic energy ellipse’ and even becomes more significant. Therefore، energy relationship between Tehran and the BRICS could be influential on both side''s energy security in the future.

Along with increasing demand and trend of the various countries for using from Natural Gas for supplying their required energy، India has changed its Energy Policy direction toward more use from Natural gas in order to supply its required energy in recent years. For achieving to this goal، Indian Politicians have faced various alternatives، which selecting each of them، due to the importance of the securing the energy supply for this country، can have significant influences on other Indian Policies especially in the field of Foreign Policy of this country. Therefore this question will be raised that what is the best alternative for supplying the Natural Gas for the Future of this Country? In the present study، we have attempted to compare the available alternatives for supplying the Required Natural Gas for India; which the best choice for supplying the required Natural Gas for this country is Gas Import through the International Gas Transformation Pipe Line، simultaneously from the North-Eastern Borders (Myanmar) and Western Borders (Iran) of India.

This paper is an introduction to new approach in politics and its central focus، state. In this approach، the state is a struggle place where a number of politics networks try to take more share of ability to make decision about scarce resources. The paper begins with a question of what network analysis and finally analyzes basic framework of “Network Politics” in state’s analysis. In network politics، taking a position is the main reason for the action، the political power is the subject of struggle and the main goal of political action is to take more share of power. “Network Politics Approach” as a way of state’s analysis is a continuation of bringing the state back. This paper has offered preliminary analysis framework of network politics.

Development in Europe، United States of America، and in Asia realied through nationalism and by national and developmental states. But، in the era of globalization، nationalism and the states have faced with serious challenges the countries that have developed till 1980s by these kinds of states، can enjoy the opportunities of the globalization process and become competitive and global. But، the majority of third world countries which did not have these kinds of states and orientations، are in an extremely weak position in the globalization period and cannot reach to the their developmental and national goals and cannot become developed. This article analyse this difficult situation، with regard to the nature of globalization process and the weakness and inefficiency of the states.

Without doubt، «happiness and salvation» is one of the old and fundamental problems of human being; many schools of thought paid attention to this question. Study of religious texts and quotes of religious leaders on this concept، can affect on personal lifestyle and even the overall direction and policy of society. This paper is looking for focus on areas of application of «sa''adah» derivatives in Nahj Al-balaghah in order to understand Imam Ali''s view on happiness. Subject to these derivatives، this paper categorizes areas of applications and identifies receiver، donor and nature of happiness، and discusses earthly bliss and eternal salvation، and relationship between happiness and moral، religious، and epistemic affairs; also pays attention to requirements and implications of this discussion for political affairs.

When the new waves of modern world about liberty، equality and constitutional government reached to Islamic countries، The reaction of Jurists and religious leaders was different. The main dispute has been concentrated on how and in which way we can compare and adapt the modern concepts of politics to Islamic doctrines''? In this article we are going to answer to this question «how and based on what traditional and rational reasons، theologians and shi''a religious leaders tried to compare and adapt new concepts of politics and constitutional government to Islamic approach?»

There have been great ups and downs in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia before and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. For the US role before the revolution along with the ruling elite''s role afterwards، both countries stepped toward friendship. However، after the revolution، their relations have been deteriorated. The research aims at inspecting the general reasons of disintegration between these two، particularly the regional grounds since 2005 to 2011. The hypothesis suggests the developments in Iraq، Lebanon and especially Bahrain as the most important regional drives for this disintegration as well as the both sides'' effort to expand their authority in the region as the main regional cause for instability in their relations.

In the late 1970s، the Soviets could not save their Afghani dependents in power even by providing them huge military and financial aids. As a result، they decided to occupy Afghanistan. Having support from Islamic world and international society، Afghan resistance forces fought against the Soviets to defend their country’s independence and integrity. After a decade of struggle and jihad، they were successful to force the Soviet army leave Afghanistan. Previous research on this subject has emphasized the role of the United States and Afghan Arabs and undermined the role played by the Afghan resistance. This paper intends to study the political and military aspects of the movement. The paper concludes that the Afghan resistance has had a leading role in forcing the Soviets out of the country، and that other factors have had only subsidiary roles.