فصلنامه سیاست
سال چهلم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1389)

Liberalism as the basic ideology of the most western political orders has believed in its basic principals to fundamental human rights including the privacy and the realm that should be privileged from any one especially the public authority. However the public authorities frequently in the excuse of protection of the order and security or the necessity situation have confined the liberties and interfere in the privacy. The 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA has established a new security environment that the USA government by enouncing the interventionist laws and regulations including USA PTRIOT ACT has violate the individual rights and privacy. This paper discusses the importance of privacy in the liberalism and the effects of USA PATRIOT ACT on the individual rights and privacy.

In April 2003 Iraq with a complicated and problematic conditions, was occupied by forces of US and its allies. This country adopted a constitution in October 2005 through a cumbersome process. Deferent elements and factors, with their own backgrounds, have had their impacts on the formulation of the constitution. This paper is an attempt to examine the impact of the local, regional, and international factors creating the current atmosphere of Iraq and study the causes of the preparation of Iraqi constitution in October 2005

The Political democracies have the different functions that some of them, like governmental change and legitimacy provision of political system are apparent. The mentioned phenomenon furthermore on direction of regime endure has also latent function. So this paper argues that political democracies have a preventive role concerning emergence of political revolutions and violent change of authority

Qualitative and Quantitative research methods are different in some aspects but they complement each other in other aspects, as well. Following widespread criticism of qualitative and quantitative research methods, there is increasing trend in using mixed research methods in social sciences in general and political science in particular. Most advocates of pluralism attempted to fill the gap between qualitative and quantitative methods using the mixed research methods. The present research takes into consideration the introduction and definition of mixed research methods. Then, it tries to discuss different models and paradigms of mixing qualitative and quantitative methods and their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it considers the outlook and future of mixed research methods in political science.

Realism and neo realism as the dominant. approach in the studies of international relations and foreign policy with their emphasis on states and the dominance of structure over the international system do not believe in the role of ethnicity in the foreign policy of states. However, with the end of the Cold War, we witness the impact of ethnicity on the security arrangements of sub-systems, especially the Middle East. This article while describing the failure of classical realist explanation in analyzing this process, presents the theory of omni-balancing as an appropriate model for explaining the impact of ethnicity and ethnic groups on the foreign policy of states, especially in the Middle East.

The United States Policy toward Iran during 1985-7 is a significant issue. The US had followed a confrontationist policy toward Iran after the 1979 revolution but a shift in the policy could be observed in the mid 1980's in the form of US attempts to make a rapprochement possible. This article explains this shift through the examination of the impact of this variable: solving US problems in the Middle East. US attempts to solve the problems it faced in the Middle East during these years led to a shift in its policy towards Iran

According to resource curse theory, not only the revenues from selling natural resources do not result in economic growth, but also have some unpleasant effects on economy. This study shows that natural resources cannot be considered curse by itself, but it is the management of revenues which is important. The foreign reserves fund was established to control the effects of oil price volatilities on Iranian economy, but the performance of this fund got apart from its purposes. On the other hand, Norway is a successful example of this mechanism. This paper, using a comparative approach and according to 3 indices of mechanism, clarity and performance, studies the management of foreign reserves of Iran and Norway to show that the effect of revenues from resources like oil on national economy depends highly on the way these revenues are managed.

Fardid is an Iranian contemporary philosopher who grows up in Iran's inflamed political atmosphere. He is a verbal philosopher who is interested in Iran's past history. Having scattered speech and dont having any written document result to make a difficulty in finding his philosopher's ideas. Fardid's philosophy isnt out of history and never be an abstract philosopher. This article wants to state this philosopher's ideas and thoughts. Writer believes that Fardid proposes his thought's methods on the basis of his periods of history and philosophy of history. His philosophy of history has a linear movement. It has a specified target although philosopher or sages cant explain this target exactly. However Fardid's procedure of history moves to a gaol, but it is not necessarily towards progress, of course concludes at the end in prosperity.

In this article author examines the developments of Al-Qaeda after September 11 terrorist attacks. The core idea of the text is that Al-Qaeda has been changed from a hierarchical organization to a complex, flexible and dynamic with a global reach after 9/11 and subsequently U.S attacks on Afghanistan in 2001. In other words Al-Qaeda that we knew as an organization before 9/11 has been changed toward an Ideology after that event. This Ideology is named Al-Qaedaism. Todays many islamist terrorist groups use Al-Qaeda aims, ideology, strategy and tactics all over the world without being under the control of Al-Qaeda as an organization. These groups have been more and more active especially in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt and Iraq in recent years. It must be mentioned that the focus of this research is on Al-Qaeda terrorist activities in Iraq as a new front for jihadists.

Public opinion is one of the key elements that affects public policy. The importance of public opinion depends on the type of political system, and the process of public policy is also affected by the nature of political system. Therefore the effect of public opinion on public policy is different, on the basis of the nature of the political system. The purpose of this article is to analyze this effect on the process of public policy

About ancient Iran, especially in recent years, considerable research has been done and it showed auspicious event that for researchers ancient Iran is significant. Article is due to the focused attention of the political aspects of civilization, the kind of work is original. The main question has been written that, Continuity of government and rulers for their statesmanship, and what evidence and evidences is presented? Response based on the analysis of texts in the inscriptions has obtained evidence that the political legitimacy to justify three elements are of greatest importance. These elements include: Ancestry, God kindness, justice and human special-virtues. In this study, western inscriptions of Iran (current) have been studied.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has been affected by intensifying regional and international developments than ever before. Because of new opportunities and threats caused by these developments, Russia faced with the problem of structural adoption whit systemic new realities, accompanying whit redefinition of its position and review of foreign policy approaches. Conceptual and institutional crisis on the one hand, and lack of realism toward these changes in Yeltsin’s era on the other hand, led to an incorrect understanding of environmental changes, lack of the ability for theorizing and passive and non-appropriate decisions. From the beginning of the presidency of Putin, a positive change in Russian foreign policy shaped, from idealism to realism, from instability to stability and from irrational approach to a rational one. This article shows that Putin’s pragmatic approach in foreign policy has the most influential effect on that positive change.

The concept of "non-proliferation regime" refers to policies and actions at national and international levels shaped in order to control WMD and high-tech transfer. This concept is related to the theory of "security regimes" as well as "multilateral arrangements export controls". In this article, after considering that theory and arrangements, particularly COCOM, NPT, MTCR and WASSENAAR, US security policy on the non-proliferation regime is surveyed

The relationship between Moscow and the peripheral republics of the Soviet Union has been a controversial issue. The complicatedness and implications of this relationship was to a degree recognized during the Soviet era. Yet it was after the Collapse of the Communist regime that its real scope and significance were revealed, especially in Central Asian and Caucasian republics where a variety of problems and crises emerged at local, national, and regional levels. The main argument of this article is that an analytical framework based on three core concepts of totalitarianism, modernization, and colonialism can not only help us analyze the core-periphery relations during the Communist era, but also deeply contributes to our understanding of the post-Soviet conditions in regions such as Central Asia. In the discussion on these three concepts, their ideological origins as well as their concrete implications are fully discussed.

This article studies harmful effects of various forms of illegal trade and illegitimate use of small arms and light weapons on the human life. The authors continue to present a definition of small arms and light weapons and then scrutinize the different types of their illicit trade and various aspects of their impact on armed conflicts, living conditions of women and children, refugees, humanitarian activities and institutionalization of the culture of violence in afflicted communities. Part of the article surveys the role of small arms in intensification of family and urban violence. The related international laws and regulations on banning illegal trade of small arms show the efforts made in this respect internationally while clearly reveal difficulties on the way of legislation against the trade and use of these arms.

Ideoloty and leadership of Revolution are two of the most important factors of occurance of Revolutions. In this Research, besides the determination and introduction of the base, content and amount of spreading of Islamic revolution ideology and also specialities, functions and strategies of the leadership of Imam Khomeini in Islamic Revolution, we have pointed out the decisive and essential impacts of these two factors on the fast collapse of Pahlavi Regeme, the constant stability after victory and the world reflections of Islamic rvolution

In this research, the relation between political philosophy and power in political thought of Leo Strauss and Michel Foucault has been discussed. To Nietzsche and his different definition of power, this concept had close relationship with centralization and political rulership, so that political philosophy as a seeking to reach the truth, its relation to power was defined as a reply to justify the rulership of minority ruler over majority rulerd. But by Nietzsche and designing the controversy like the will to power, It considered expansionary and spread. Too the research emphasizes the relation between political philosophy and power in two ways:The first is Strauss approach to both of mentioned concepts, that on the basis of definition of political philosophy as a seeking substitute the knowledge in relation to political affairs (like power) in stead of guess about them, consider the power as a object of political philosophy.

In the age of globalization, neoliberal developmentalism is hegemonic cherachtristic of the international system. In this age legitimacy of political systems depends on national development. In such a space, creating a constructive interaction between national and international levels is a must for sucsess in national development plans. Foreign policy is the main field & major means of creating the constructive interaction. My hypothesise is that a developmentalist foreign policy could support national development plans and strenght bases of political system legitimacy through constructive engagement with the world. In this paper nessesities and chalenges of a developmentalist foreign policy in Iran will be explained.

“Grand policies” are based on philosophical foundation of political regimes, and they are related with strategic problems of political system. Because of philosophical nature and strategic level of grand policies, it is recommended that they have not to be numerous. In Iranian political system, official structure of policy making procedure begins by the Expediency Council. This council, according to the constitution, is mandated by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article basically aims to analyze policy making tasks of different levels of Iranian political system, and argue that, because of its constitutional nature, the Expediency Council has to reduce its numerous policies, maximum to 15 grand policies, whereas they are actually more than 50 grand policies.