نشریه مطالعات اسلام و روان شناسی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز و زمستان 1389)

In order to investigate the relationship between religious identity, religious attitude, psychological hardiness and mental health among mu`takifs of Rasht mosques, 96 persons (men from Qods mosque and women from Imam Reza mosque) were selected by simple random sampling. Mu`takifs filled up the questionnaires about religious identity, psychological hardiness, and mental health as well as demographic questionnaire. The statistical data were analyzed using one group and two group t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results suggest that the testees in this study from the viewpoint of religious identity, religious attitude, psychological hardiness and mental health are in a better position than common people and in almost a desired state. The religious identity, of all the variables of this study, is capable of predicting the testee's mental health. The present study in line with many other researches, done based on religion, suggest that mu`takifs are in a desired position with respect to studied characteristics. Thus it is recommended to plan better and support more efficiently the youth i`tikaf.

The present study has been done with the aim of investigating the relationship between religious orientation, practical obligation to the Islamic tenets, and student's mental health. The statistical population of this study was the Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, 340 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The investigation instruments were: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Practical Obligation to the Islamic Tenets, and Religious Orientation Questionnaire. In the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the lower the score the better the individual's mental health. In order to analyze statistical data, Pearsonian correlation method and multiple stepwise regression method have beenutilized. The results show that:• There is a negative and significant relationship between intrinsic religiousorientation and mental health (p=0.001 & r=-0.44).• There is a negative and significant relationship between social extrinsic religiousorientation and mental health (p=0.001 & r=-0.40).• There is a negative and significant relationship between personal extrinsicreligious orientation and mental health (p=0.001 & r=-0.37).• There is a negative and significant relationship between practical obligation to theIslamic tenets and mental health (p=0.001 & r=-0.50).• The results also show that practical obligation to the Islamic tenets and intrinsic religiousorientation predict 0.26 of common variance and this is significant at 0.001 level.

The present study is concerned with the effectiveness of cognitive training with anIslamic approach on student's life satisfaction through the following two hypotheses: cognitive training on student's life satisfaction through an Islamic approach at the post test and follow up stages. The instrument of this study was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985) which its validity was examined (by Bayani et al., 2007) through measuring Cronbach's alpha. The research method used in this study was experimental design of pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group. The study's statistical population was defined as all students who have visited the Counseling Center of Isfahan University during the 2009-2010 academic year. Among them 30 were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two 15-person groups of control and experiment by simple random sampling too. Since 3 persons of experiment group were not present, therefore 3 persons of control group were omitted. The Cognitive Training with an Islamic Approach Course was held in nine 45-minute sessions, two sessions per week. In order to analyze the statistical data, the covariance analysis method was used. In this study, the significance level is p<0.05. The results show that The Cognitive Training with an Islamic Approach Course enhances satisfaction with life among those students who have referred to the Counseling Center of University at the post-test and follow up stages.

The purpose of the present study is to identify the effectiveness rate of religious knowledge, attitude, and behavior on happiness of students (especially the girl students of middle and high schools of district no.2 in Kerman). The research design is a descriptive one of the causative-comparative type. The instruments for collecting data include: the Religious Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. 159 students from high school and 104 students from middle school were selected by random sampling to answer questions. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The following results were obtained:• results support a low level of religious knowledge, a positive religious attitude, and a suitable and efficient religious behavior;• there is high level of happiness among students;• religious knowledge has no effect on happiness of students;• religious behavior and attitude has an effect on their happiness;• grade level has an impact on religious knowledge;• the average has an impact on religious knowledge, religious behavior, and theirhappiness; • grade and age has an impact on religious behavior.

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and personality traits of male and female students of University of Muhaqqiq Ardabili. Instruments used by this study are: the Neo Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) and the Religious Orientation Scale. The research design is a descriptive one of the correlative type. The statistical population of this study includes all male and female students who have studied in the University of Muhaqqiq Ardabili during the 2009-2010 academic years. A sample of 120 students consisting 60 female and 60 male students were selected by cluster sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method, Pearson correlation coefficient, t test, two independent group, and variance analysis. The findings suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between religious orientation and personality variables (p≤0.01). They also suggest that there is a significant difference between male and female students from a religious orientation and personality perspective (p≤0.05).

Zikr (or Dhikr) means remembering God in heart and calling Him on tongue. Zikr, as an essential psychological process, can produce relaxation and assurance. Unfortunately it has not yet been investigated psychologically. Regarding the significance of zikr in spiritual growth a questionnaire was prepared and validated in this study. After checking its face validity, zikr questionnaire was distributed to 129 students (47 male and 82 female) of the University of Isfahan (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.87). The results suggest that the most common times of practicing zikr for students are after 5 daily prayers and in turbulent times and the most common places were everywhere and then mosque. The most common zikr practiced by students were salawat (saying peace and blessings be upon Muhammad and his household), tasbih (the repetitive utterances of short sentences glorifying God), God's names and verses of the holy Quran. Although there were considerable similarities between zikr attitudes in male and female students, level of tendency to zikr among females was significantly higher than male students (p<0.01).

There is a significant relationship between religious activities and man's health and wellbeing. In addition to attitude, faith, and love Islam possesses practical aspects and rituals too. The statistical population of this study includes all university students from Tehran who have traveled to Mecca to perform `umrah in July 2004. The statistical sample of this study were 234 university students who were selected by cluster sampling method from among two student caravans of `umrah pilgrimage. One consisting of 123 female students (mean age=21.5; SD=3) and the other one 111 male students (mean age 22.5; SD=5). The instruments used in this study for collecting data include: the Practicing Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results show that students participation in `umrah pilgrimage increases their happiness and decreases their mental disorders, anxiety, body symptoms, social disorders, and depression.