مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال نهم شماره 18 (خریف 2013)

The literature of the Crusades – imposed on Islamic world by west، with religious cover and colonial motivation، in 6th and 7th century A. H-is a manifestation of the spirit of honor and unoppressedness among the Moslems، which are the worthful Islamic teachings. Islamic world now suffers from the prevalence of the western arrogant on their body''s pieces، and utilizing the means of though and poem، reviewed the honor-oriented poems of this period.

Language is not only marks the launch of the language، but their names are a way able to make impressive photo of the literary aspects of the breadth of their experiences through the use and diversity and this diversity is one way to consider means of selected texts studied، so that these features are characterized its repetition rates and may measured statistical the evidence in the accounting formulas and vocabulary that characterize the level of the language of another and reflects the relative wealth of lexical with my view of one of the methods used any way Jansson. This topic study applied this Method to measure the diversity of the vocabulary of the samples of erotic poetry to Kuthayyir Azzah and Jamil Buthayna and Majnoon Layla is expected when the budget، including the advantage of each other when measure the amount of wealth verbal.

Analyzing of the sentence in Arabic language was always in the focus of attention by Nahwies (Arabic Linguists who are expert in Nahw). And these Linguists have declared a lot about it from past to now. But the point which needs to be considered more subtly، is the Nahwies dissent in determining the position of Conditional mood sentence Compared to the other Arabic sentences. With analyzing the distinguished Nahwies ideas in the course of time، we will understand that they subdivide the Arabic sentences into various forms. However there cannot be found any precise and particular position for conditional mood in their classification. For example some Nahwies believe the conditional sentence as a Fi''lia، some other as an Ismia and، finally some as an Insha''ia or Khabaria. This research is aimed to determine an appropriate analytic-descriptive position in Arabic language. Our results indicate that most Nahwies have considered the sentence only superficially rather than semantically، so with this in mind and according to the different structure of conditional mood sentence we can recognize it as an absolutely independent type of sentence in Arabic language.

The aim of this essay is to find the characteristics of the elegy in Abu Tammam''s ode in which he is wailing for mohammad Ibn Homaid al- Tusi (one of al-Motasam billah''s army commander) and this essay subjcet is to study and to criticize its emotion and imagination. The conclusion is that Abu Tammam، almost، in his poem applied a philosophical approach to deal with death، thus in the first stamza، he mentioned humans weakness against life tragedy and his obedience against fate and fortune. This poem at whole has a dignified، elevated، worthy faithfulness، and purified theme. Emotion in this poem is human and truthful and its imagination is fertile because the poet was successful in creating beautiful images to mention the outstanding personalities of that late leader such as his devotion and self-sacrifice. In addition، applying some elements like personification and metaphorical images effect on the poet''s success.

Ibn al-Rumi, the great Arab poet of the 3rd lunar Hegira century, is well known as a poet of intellectual thought in Arabic literature. The critics have characterized him by innovation and profundity of thought, great powers of reasoning and analysis for he was very clever as a scholar skilled in dialectics and polemics who knew philosophy and logics having studied kalaam. These capacities show their influences namely, reasoning, analysis, dialectical style, unity of content prose lucid-like verse style in his poetry.

Considering the importance of the Mu''allaqat in arabic literature are the valuable works of pre-Islamic literature، and they have elegance in their words، phrases، imaginary، and many of the Mu''allaqat Couplets are the Evidences in old Syntax books… so، many of the scholars have paid attention to these odes، and studied them from many basis such as criticism، words، syntax، … and there are many expositions of these odes in the arabic history. On the other hand the methodology of the explanations as the valuable key in explaining texts and judging them، is important for researchers and scholars. And considering the reputation of the al- Shaibani book، in the present study، it is intended to study the method of al-Shaibani in his book «the explanation of the Mu''allaqat» in order to analyze and examine the method of al-Shaibani، descriptive - analytical method was employed. The results of the study revealed that al-Shaibani method is brevity and compression in his book and he paid attention to syntax، metaphor، narrative، and used Evidences to explain syntax، metaphor.

Jozef al-Hashem was one of the known Christian poets in Libanon in our time. His poem serves the thoughts and ideas in Shia. The collection of his poems، Alawiat is based on the correlation between Christian reflections and the religious values. He was able to relate the virtue of Imam Ali and the Palestine''s and Lebanon''s people. By Calling upon the historical، religious characters in Shia، and in connection to the suffering dominated on Arabs، he criticizes the Zionism. His poems are ornamented by Quran، Hadith، the present events، history، the virtues of Imam Ali، the relations among war literature، Shia in the Palestine''s and Lebanon''s people، the poet''s emotions. The main axes of this study include: A) Pretext about the general matter of study، the introduction of port، and some contemporary Christian poets who were innovative. B) The subjective، structural study of poet''s Alawiat in the present criticism.

A dictionary is an urgent instrument for a translator، because it has the meanings of vocabularies. The Arabs and Persians had written dictionaries from past times، but how wrote these dictionaries? The connection of Arabs with their neighbors was little in pre-Islamic، but it increased after Islam specifically when non-Arabs entered to Arabic society. And when appeared decay in Koran، this encouraged the Muslims to writing a dictionary. The sources of these words were Koran and pre-Islamic poetry and what they were listened from Bedouins. The words gathered in three times: first، the words gathered without any model and order، Two، the dictionaries published in specific matters، and three، the dictionaries included whole words with order، and The first man who thought about this and wrote a general dictionary was Khalil b. Ahmad al-Farahidi in his book al-Ayn. This was a somewhat of the engendering of Arabic dictionaries، but how did these evolution? The connection between Arabs and Persians started from pre-Islamic an increased after Islam due the entering Iranian in Arabs countries and entering Islam in Iran. The result of the mixture of these nations was interchanging the words، and after increasing the size of that، appeared necessary to writing of dictionaries. This is true that wrote some lexicons and progressed، but they have some defects: they aren’t general، they aren’t up to date، and they haven’t congruity with technology.