مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال دوازدهم شماره 28 (ربیع 2016)

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Stylistics and the research conducted in that area over the works of literature is one of the most important topics in modern criticism. The purpose of such discussion is the linguistic context such as music, implications of short and long terms, compound expressions and their relationships, rhythm and their figural usage signifying their artistic context. The present paper studies Javid’s poems through a stylistic approach. He is considered as a representative of the poems of commitment of the contemporary movement of in Egypt who struggled against the authoritarian regime of his society. The stylistic introduction of his work is in fact a critique of his thoughts, perspectives, and sublime connotations. However, due to his wide range of literary works only three of his poems representing Imam Hussein as a sublime role module, a savior of the today’s human being are considered through a descriptive analysis. This study clearly shows the harmony present between the poet’s romantic emotions and realistic perspectives with that of society; in addition, the thought of deviation from Imam Hussein’s school of thought is the cause of cruelty, misery, and injustice in communities and nations can be traced in the three chosen poems. The poet has been successful in employing variety of linguistic techniques and turned it to a style to create a connection between concept, thought, and language to convey his view points to the addressee.

Undoubtedly, poet plays a distinguished role in the social life generally and in the literary life particulary as he influences people through his poem and broad imagination. Naturally, poets influence do not occur in the real world but in the imagination. He ignores daily routines and speaks about nature s songs with a deeper, more wonderful voice in order to represent intuitive more frequent; picture of movement to his audience. One of the useful devices for effective, literal influence is Synesthesia. This poetic technique has been used as a critical idiom by Arab critics in the recent years. thouqh it is considered as a new technique in the criticism of Arabic literature, synesthesia has been used in the literary texts from ignorance era up to now.
This paper , first of all, attempts to focus on synesthesia and its importance, then it clarifies the birth of this literary phenomenon in world’s literature and its relation to symbolism. therefore, the audience would be able to observe types of synesthesia in the starting ages of Arabic literature and get familiar to use of this literary technique in Egypt’s poetry especially in the poems of three contemporary Egyptian poets “Ahmed Hegazi”.

Mask is a new method in poetry, in which the poet applys, the historical, mythical or characters. She uses their masks in order to represent her own disturbance and problems; in fact she explains her intellectual worries and anxieties by the mask. Ezzeddine Al-Manasreh (1946) is one of the poets who pays a significant attention to the Mask technique and summons various characters in his poetry. As a result the technique of Mask is considered as a main role in his poems and gives him an extraordinary power to combine past and future and self and the other. Also, this style helps him analyzing the political and social issues of the Arabic Countries especially his home Palestine. In addition, He mentioned critical and theoretical ideas in this field, which is beneficial for an efficient research. Therefore, through a descriptive analyzing method, the present research is trying to review EzzeddineAl-Manasrehin form of applying the Mask technique and its represents in his ode. Through a reviewing the forms and applying the Mask form the writer of “Kendy” and defining the term of “forms of applying” and “Abi Mohajen Al-Saqafi”, the researcher comes to the conclusion that Mask is creativity out of the borders of Mask’s the forms of applying and accounted as one of the types of Masks. Then while analyzing the ode of “Hesar Ghartaj” and “the loving room made up of the dews of plain” and Based on Al Manasrehs’ analytic approach, the research is presenting a new division of the compound forms of applying Mask.

One of the common features of two nations, Iran and Egypt, in the contemporary era is literary and political awakening that has led to the emergence of committed poets who have always followed the interests of the people and society. Among the most prominent of such poets are Egyptian poet Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi and Iraian poet Mohammad-Taqi Bahar. They can be the most prominent Mahmoud Sami Al-Baroudi and Bahar noted. This article aims to explore common vocabulary used by the two poets. The most important items include: vocabularies of nature, political awakening, grief and unity.Both poets use revolutionary, motivating, and pure and non-pure political rhetoric effectively. Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi uses more verbal sentences whereas Mohammad-Taqi Bahar focuses on the vocabulary of national spirit and the invoking of historical figures. Furthermore, both poets deploy direct and indirect vocabularies of unification in the form of plural pronouns to lead the society toward empathy and unity. The two poets also use nature vocabulary in metaphorical terms or as symbols in political and social poetry. Grief vocabulary in the poems of the two poets manifests itself through truthful expressions associated with a sense of bitterness and despair about the future.

Existentialism encourages human being to revolt against all of old values and create new values without defining criteria to recognizing correct and incorrect value.Muta Safdi has been really affected by Existentialism philosophy among Arab novel writers. He invites the existential characters of his two novels "Jilo al-Ghadr" (Generation of Fate) and "Saeron Mohtarefon" (Professional Revolutionist) to revolt against the values. By using analytical and critical method, this survey criticizes the values of two novels according to the religious culture of society. It seems that Safdi had been successful in creating existential characters that revolt against values, and their reason is belonging those values to the past without considering their positive or negative aspects. But he couldn’t resolve what Existentialism faces about the values after not accepting them. The existential characters especially women characters revolt against everything, and live according to their liking, but it isnt compatible with Arabic society was governed by religious culture.

Linguists speak of the possibility of deviation from principal language use forms in order for comparison to style and register of sentence and this is exactly what new linguistic studies pay attention to and it is called anomaly. Literary Anomaly is defined as deviation from the principal and disagreement to grammar for speech eloquence and statement variety which is a major issue in literary aesthetics.
The present study is a descriptive-comparative one to prove our hypothesis which is: transfer of Tameez (distinction) due to lingual diversity is a kind of anomaly and its purpose is to create valuable literary points. Also the anomaly inside Tameez is of syntactic or semantic sort. This study examines Tameez transfer and relies on its comparative samples in On Quran and Nahj-Al-Balaqa. In fact, this paper is an attempt to understand the meaning of syntax and grammar and to express the effect of speech structure on the concept. Therefore this paper is performed based on meaning. Truly, any change in statement elements requires a new meaning which is very important in establishment o relationships between words.
According to the investigation, Tameez transfer often is accompanied with exaggeration, inclusion, overstatement and repetition. This is exactly what anomaly allows; a phenomenon used in On Quran and Nahj-Al-Balaqa in a very skillful and promoted way. Either of these two works, unveiling the mysteries of the rich language of Arabic and employing its premium reach their highest points. This is due to usage of distinguishing features and anomaly in written statement methods.

The structural method depends upon the analysis of literary works in the modern era and that are interested Aspects of the methodology have led to the development of a scientific basis for the theory of literature and on the basis of the narrative and poetic various studies. Hna theories targeting the text or structure of the novel in the light of the structural approach, including the theory of the three categories set by the famous theorist Gerard Genet. This theory, which linked narratives talk about the novel and narrative text in three categories is the shear time, shear body and style of storytelling. This study attempts to approach relying on monetary and structural detective Sudanese to provide an optimal way to understand the structure of the novel and its context to detect the techniques used in the text, which deals with the novelist. And throw through it to know the structure novel «Khadija and Sawsan» Radwa Ashour and analyzed structurally narrative is interested in studying the speech or shape, which is set by the Metn Gaii such case and because the novel is not only aina hardcopy run by the narrator They differ in terms of time and the body and the pattern of reality is a world imagined world known novelist. The study concludes that the time in this historical novel is often little time and indicators which is where the body we find an extensive presence of Rawitan. In terms of style, we find polyphony where it mixes in the novel sound Alrawitan personalities do not see one voice prevailed on all the events.