مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال سیزدهم شماره 32 (ربیع 2017)

In their the rhetorical issues, the ancients paid attention to the role of the prolocutor in the formation of meaning and speech. However, the laid less emphasis on the addressee as an effective reader. The reader has a significant role in speech and poetry especially in mystical, surreal, and modern poetry where aesthetics occurs. At this point the reader can enjoy the context from a multilateral perspective, through either interpreting or exegesis of the speech in a post-structural ambience. The researcher attempts to focus on the role of the prolocutor in creating meaning and aestheticism. The main question in terms of the role of the prolocutor lies in the perspectives of traditional and modern rhetoric and the way they are distinguished from one another. The hypothesis implies the transfer of aestheticism from the level of expressive form to semantic structures. One can say, aesthetes from the old perspectives is limited to speech imagery while in the modern perspectives it expands in meaning. This can be fully traced in mystical and modern poetry. The findings show that the concept of aesthetics in modern rhetoric expands in meaning and meditation by the prolocutor. From this perspective, similar to the creator of a text, the prolocutor is effective in forming the poetical dialogue.

When reviewing the book Nahjolbalagheh we find that some of the animals may be mentioned in some speeches and letters and words Kassar from the lips of the faithful for numerous occasions. Including the term of camels and son Allpon and phrases and Anz. And also the elephant and the ant Spider and horse and donkey and camel mentioned numerous occasions such case for purposes of rhetorical for the delivery of the idea and urge to be and inciting motivation and focus on ethical principles and approach the True and the interests of the nation as well.
Attempt in this article is to indicate technical and rhetorical specifications for some of the animals contained in the book, relying Nahjolbalagheh in such case some explanations and translations argued through such case faces rhetorical and aesthetic methods contained in speeches and letters and words Wisdom.

Cognitive linguistics is including issues of modern linguistics that pioneers as Laykof and Johnson considered vast field to metaphor and moved it to the language to the conceptual areas. The metaphor in their point of view can be found in all mental spaces and all stages of everyday life. Among the most important foundations of this theory is “image schema” that attributed to “Hampe”. Image schema is a subjective phenomenon that provides ability to understand many sensory experiences and also rational and abstract with the metaphor. Many moral themes like right, obligatory, will, happiness, rebellion are understandable in the form of metaphorical. The present study want to review some image schemes on the ethical implications record of Sahifeh Sajjadiyeh with the analytical method that the purpose, is to identify the hidden implications of it that states, the quality of the relationship between servant and God and access to a religious experience. It seems that ethics in Islamic ethical culture of Imam has the essence of metaphor. Material experiences such as acquisition, place significance and balance forming the root of moral themes of Imam in the Sahifeh Sajjadiyeh that indicates the visualization of moral philosophy. Path image schemas that used in immoralities, illustrate Quranic thought of Imam with the issue of moral balance. Ultimately, the conceptual metaphors volume dedicated the more space compared with other types of conceptual metaphors.

Poetic image is an art form that poet chooses it serve as a way to express her poetic experience.So, poetic image makes poet to use her emotions and thoughts in a specific model of art. As poet shows her particular theory to the world by it. The study image in Amina Advawan’s poem, shows this fact that poetic image in this poets court, depends on three things: including: A) metaphorical images. B)shifting perceptions (widespread &personification.). C) esoteric images. At the end of this article, the reader finds out the most important traits in Adwan’s poem. Such as metaphorical in this poet’s poem are full of creative imagination including the power of inspiration. The poet has used from sights of nature to make her metaphorical. Also personification has had a very important role in her poem to approximate spiritual concepts and reveal its aspect. These images are more widespread than visualization images. The dynamism of the visualization images in Adwan’s poem are reveal to sensory images and tangible by transfer of spiritual concepts. Also, the poet have been successful in use of trick and has used it to express her poetic viewpoint. The poet could express latent things and her own emanations by the trick and has granted a deep thought to Adwan’s poem.

City and interact with that - negative or positive - is one of the biggest contemporary Arab literature, so that is very hard to ignore this issue. Referring to Court Arab poets turns out that many of them have one or two ode dedicated to this subject. Dunqul Egyptian poet is one of the poets mentioned in several odes to the city and the conflict with it.
Dunqul dispute with the city does not mean that he is of hate, it means that he causes psychological, social and political turmoil has failed to be consistent with the city. This study seeks to analyze and describe exploring the causes, nature and details of the affair. The main findings were that the poet dispute with the city and the negative perception does vary with the nature of romantic poets. Dunqul have been prejudiced because rural authenticity and strict rules it was difficult to adapt to the city. He is seeking to express social and political purposes and demonstrate experience of urban life.

Both ancient and contemporary critics and rhetoricians have explored the problem of words and meaning. The problem then branched into further problems including that of reference and its myriad types and those related to rhetoric. In this research, we first explore reference and its types and then deal with marginal references. This type of reference is explored by numerous litterateurs, rhetoricians, and commentators and is known as "the meaning of meaning." A marginal reference is different from amphibology and half-truths and is in contrast with central reference, which refers to the initial meaning associated in the mind while marginal reference refers to distant meaning. This has resulted in discrepancies in interpretation. In this research, the author used Tafsir Al-kashaaf and Tafsir al-Mizan to explore the problem and employed the descriptive-analytical research method. The result, among others, was that marginal reference is what is meant by primary meaning, which is confirmed while we analyses Quran verses.

This article studied the words in “Dont placate” of AmalDonqols ode. The style will be compass the semantics and the lexical. Because the semantics is a branch of lexical and includes phonetics and phonology and syntax. Some Linguistsdistinction between both trend (semantics field and lexical field).
But this article studiedtwo trends in the perspective of theory of semantic and the lexical field, to give a criticism and subtle method about “Dont Placate” of Donqols ode.And this methodhelps us that the text be literary and scientific

Literary Criticism is amongst the most outstanding types and issues of contemporary Arabic literature. This phenomenon has, in the present century, been influenced by discussions pertaining to literary criticism in the West, and this is so because of the encounters between the Arabs and the Western literature. The reasons why Arabic criticism has been influenced by the Western criticism go back to factors such as comparative criticism, and critical movements such as the School of Divan and its followers. The World of comparative literature is nothing but mutual influence based on critical thought. This branch of science is amongst the useful and new sciences, which introduces the literature of each nation as being in a continuous and homogeneous pact (despite superficial and linguistic differences). Naturally, many Iranian poets and literary figures have thoughts in common with the rest of the world poets and literary figures including those of the Arab world, as far as poetry, language and literary criticism are concerned. In the works mentioned poets, there are various common subjects including literary, political, and social ones. However, there are many similar ideas between Malek Al-Sho’ara Bahar and Sheik Hussein Morsefi in their poetry. These common points include Rhetorical issues also. Therefore, taking Rhetoric in mind, in this article, we analyze critically and descriptively, the points between these two literary figures.