نشریه مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی
پیاپی 11 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

The relation between Russia and Turkey has experienced increasingly growth and development in last decade. Although the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Union of Soviet Socialist Republic was the first country to recognize the independence of Turkey; But after World War II and the bipolar international system, During the Cold War, Ankara joined the West Block and NATO membership revenue. This dichotomy led by highly strained relations between Moscow and Ankara, and the two countries are considered to be enemies again for 40 years. Despite cold war period that ideological principle determined the relations of two countries, in recent years the economic, political and geopolitical interests play vital role in determining Russian-Turkish ties. Among various factors that influenced Russian-Turkish relations, Energy variable is very important. In a way that cooperation in energy field play great role in establishing mutual trust and maintaining good relations. So this paper attempts the main question to be answered what crucial role in the development of relations between Russia and Turkey in the past decade has?

When Islamist party of J & D took power in turkey 2002, there appeared a new discourse in foreign policy. Ankara tried its best to enter in regional and international affairs as an active player.. Turkey tries Political stability and security more effective use of the potential of the EU in promoting regional and international policies, increased bargaining power in international relations, the most important benefits of Turkey's accession to the EU. Nowadays, J & D parties make policies to join EU. They uses all means like revising ideology, approaches and programs of the party and performing political and economic reforms. The paper maneuvered on this approaches and programs to see that the party is not and ideological Islamist foundation but a rational program-based one. Turkey's geo-strategic location and military capability is key to the Europe Union in international politics. Turkey is a country and NATO membership criteria, and it is good for Europe. This article discusses the foreign policy of Turkey's Justice and Development Party between 2002 and 2012 is the Europe Union. This paper uses analytical - descriptive and usage of library resources and the Internet is done.

Foreign policy is a complex of goals, orientations, and instruments that a state adopts vis-à-vis other states in order to achieve its national interests. The aim of foreign policy is to provide security, which covers a spectrum from territorial integrity to the development of economic facilities. Foreign policy is based on four main factors: understanding international environment, preparing a strategy for protecting national interests, devising a tactical plan for the implementation of the strategy, and organizing diplomats for the implementation of the tactics. Geopolitical Genome is the geographical genetic map of the politics and derived from geography of a country. Foreign policy of every country have affected by genetic map of the geopolitics. Iran in the neighboring with 15 countries is a strategic region. Understanding the genomes and codes of the neighbor countries has an effective role to drafting a proper foreign policy with geopolitical characteristics of Iran. The authors of the present paper with analysis of the geopolitical themes of Iran and Turkey, has tried to finding the format of the confronting codes and genomes of Iran and Turkey.

Collapse of the Soviet Union was the world’s most important event in the second half of the twentieth century. The result of this collapse was the emergence of new republics in central Asia and Caucasus. Relations with the new republics of the region Caucasus in spite of many commonalities between Iran and these countries. Iran’s relations with these countries have not reached the initial expectations. It was not so successful, and even against the initial expectations of the common reason Iran didn’t successfully achieve their goals in this area. In explaining the reasons for our failure we review the role of Russia, the role that it had been neglected or has not been considered so important. This paper attempts to explain the reasons for this failure and Russia’s role in this process with a new-realist approach. We consider this factor (Russia and its actions) according to theory of the neo-realism is understandable and we analyze this role according to this theory.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in December 1991, and the subsequent geopolitical changes in the northern borders of the I. R. of Iran, Azerbaijan Republic gained more importance in Iran’s foreign policy. Because of the historical and cultural linkages, the two countries could not ignore each other’s security threats. There are many common elements that shape Iran’s foreign policy attitudes towards the Republic of Azerbaijan Republic and vice versa. The main research question to be answered in this asks: What are the fundamental causes of securitization of Iran - Azerbaijan Republic’s relations since 1995? Using a hermeneutic - interpretive approach, the authors examine the underlying causes which have led to the transformation of the nature of their bilateral relationship. Their main conclusion is that since 1995, a set of physical, perceptual, ideational and normative factors, like ethnical identity, political Islam in Iran, the secularism in Azerbaijan republic, and attitudes toward social identity of the World System, has changed the focus of their relations from cooperation to securitization.

Whereas developing political and economic relationship by and between Islamic Republic of Iran and Tajikistan Republic the cultural common points still is regarded as the most important basis for promoting mutual relationship between both nations; since, common historical basis, common language, common religion in addition to similar traditions, national, social and local beliefs and appropriate conditions prepare suitable opportunities for promoting cultural relationship between both countries. Following up independence of Tajikistan on 9 Sep 1991 Iran was the first country that officially recognized independence of Tajikistan and established its embassy in Dushanbe city. Culture can be an important basis for expansion of ties between nations. Iran and Tajikistan have a long shared history, and shared values and traditions. The aim of this article is attempting to understand similarities and differences between culture of Iran and Tajikistan and comparative study of both cultures in the way of improving cultural relationship between both countries.

This article is intended to assess the Capacity and Trade Potential between Iran and Azerbaijan Republic by using 4 indices of Drysdale, Cosine, Trade Potential and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) for the period of 2003-2007. The estimation of Iran’s export potential for exporting to Azerbaijan Republic during the period of 2003-2007 shows that Iran’s export potential maximum to Azerbaijan Republic annual amount of $886 millions. The most part of the Iran’s used export potential to Azerbaijan Republic (only 19.7%). According to Drysdale Index calculation, between lran and Azerbaijan Republic for the period of 2003-2007 had the lowest degree of trade complementarity. This index had been faced with some fluctuations during the period. Cosines Index for Iran’s export and Azerbaijan Republic’s import also indicates that this country the potential for trade cooperation with Iran has the least one. Cosines Index for Iran’s import and EU’s export also shows that trade cooperation with Iran and Azerbaijan has the lowest one. The findings show that Azerbaijan Republic and Iran have totally about 789 items of goods for export according to the “RCA” index. Among the 789 “RCA” items, 653 items (83%) belong to Iran and only 136 items (17%) belong to Azerbaijan.