فصلنامه مدیریت زنجیره تامین
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1389)

In the current world economy, the phrase “organizations competition in the market," has become the term "supply chains competition in the market". So, improving the whole supply chain performance is somehow the ultimate goal of all members of the chain. In order to improve the performance of a supply chain, before anything, it is required to evaluate the supply chain performance. For doing so, having a clear imagination of supply chain structure and the existence of true and perfect understanding of the methods and procedures related to the chain, is something important and necessary. Considering this issue, the need of performance evaluation of supply chain is a vital need and it is necessary to evaluate the chain current situation and improve processes by deploying appropriate tools. Today’s supply chain performance evaluation tools, such as Supply Chain Operation Reference model (SCOR), presented by Supply Chain Council, provide the necessary and useful facilities in order to achieve this goal [1].The main goal of this article is explaining the position of the SCOR model to evaluate the performance of supply chain, as well as providing a framework, which specifies how the evaluation factors and performance evaluation criteria should be used for a specific supply chain. In addition, to provide an example of how to evaluate the performance of a supply chain using the model SCOR, a case study regarding two Swedish companies which produces heavy machinery, Dynapac and Kalmar, will be discussed.Keywords:Supply chain, Performance evaluation, SCOR Model. Sample inspection scheme in ammunition quality control Hassan Sarraf Jooshqani Logistics Deputy of SepahAbstractToday, managers and engineers, due to advances in technology, globalization and new economic and political conditions, witness a transient period from traditional methods to new methods in production and procurement of products. Therefore, they modify their methods more sensitively to deliver a variety of products with decent quality and minimum cost and in the desired conditions of the end customer. This reflects the importance of paying more and effective attention to quality control activities in organizations.On the other hand in recent 50 years with the development of sample inspection methods in the field of quality control, their effective role in various areas of production and supply (particularly in the military sector where it has been the emergence and growth) is better defined, so that today considered as a powerful tool for industrial, military and economic countries, regions, communities development in micro and macro level.In military and defense industry with regard to the importance of qualitative indicators in the incidence of ordnance (i.e., safety, durability, reliability, performance, usability, reliability, decoration appearance, ease of maintenance as well as other indicators) to determine the correct size samples, sampling and finally the evaluation of quality arms and ammunition products, is very important.This paper has been subjected to a comprehensive look at ammunition sample inspection (as one of the executive organs in the military supply), qualitative and quantitative indicators affecting a variety of approaches to achieve quality and plans necessary for ammunition sampling inspection. Generally using various available plans in sample inspection, large number of ammunitions lots could be inspected by several methods in order to increase the sampling reliability.It seems that sample inspection plans with selecting the correct method in determining the sample size are the vital elements in the consolidation and development of manufacturing and procurement process, so that with comprehensive monitoring and control, total quality will be ensured.Keywords:Inspection, Samples, Ammunition, Lot, standard.Maintenance Quality Management Approach (MQM)Saeed Ramezani Ali Akbar Barzegar Logistics Studies and Research Center; University of Imam Hossein (PBUH) Pars Shahab Lamp Co.AbstractResearch conducted over the past forty years, in maintenance, has revealed the fact that most equipment and machinery (in some industries, 50 percent of cases), fail again suffer from the same areas represented by repair. Interesting findings in this regard is that some of these cases are the activities related to preventive maintenance. The results of such reviews in the field of failures cause, has determined human error exists in many of these cases. However, in some cases also the defect in machine design (low repairability feature) and poor quality of parts as cause of early devastation has been mentioned. Considering that in many maintenance activities, there is potential for human error occurrence, therefore there is a need to remedy, in order to avoid such errors. Maintenance Quality Management system, is based on twelve principles using individual, team and organizational tools to prevent human error in maintenance activities.Keywords:Maintenance Quality Management (MQM), Human Error Analysis, Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), Preventive Maintenance Optimization (PMO), Condition Based Maintenance (CBM). Comparison of the outsourcing decision-making procedures;Focusing on outsourcing logistic activitiesSajedeh Tazfazoli, Marzieh Mozaffari, Ali Naeimi Sadiq2 Industrial Engineering DepartmentAmirKabir University of TechnologyAbstractToday the traditional problem of decision making, make or buy, is discussed as source selection, sourcing, or outsourcing, and is of the issues that modern organizations widely face it. Commercial and industrial managers should choose the candidate activities of the organization/ supply chain for outsourcing by a decision making process in a systematic structure to enjoy from the benefits of outsourcing. An important issue in outsourcing that should be considered is that how an organization decides which activities to outsource and which done by its own? Significant academic researches in the use of outsourcing in producing activities are available, but unfortunately few studies in the field of outsourcing services have been made. This paper introduced applied aspects of techniques and approaches of outsourcing decision making, advantages, disadvantages and fields of application of each of them. Also, focusing on logistics outsourcing, criteria that should considered in the model of decision-making for outsourcing logistic activities are discussed. This paper can provide a decent practical and scientific context for managers.Keywords:Outsourcing, decision making methods, Logistic activities. Using e-procurement in logistic organizationsHossein Ghaffari Tooran Logistics Studies and Research Center; University of Imam Hossein (PBUH)AbstractInternet has provided many opportunities to improve supply chain activities, especially in the area of procurement. One of these emerging fields is electronic procurement. Supply and procurement processes carried out by using the Internet are called e-procurement. It is possible to integrate procurement activities throughout the supply chain by using the solutions presented in electronic procurement. Electronic procurement using Internet technology has mechanized purchasing and supply activities in organizations. Considering that many organizations attempt to reduce costs of their staff and management. And are willing to manage their cash flow in a more favorable way, electronic procurement systems can be presented as an efficient and effective tool in this field.Procurement is preparation and purchasing needed items and can include instances like supplier selection, recording and evaluating the needs and requests to buy, confirm orders, processing purchase orders, attempts to put order to run, the coordination of prices paid items, loading and receiving items. Electronic procurement is doing affairs above, through the Internet. Electronic procurement systems are fully automated and web-based and are controlled and guided through internet. These systems fully integrate procurement of goods and services between the supplier and buyer. Providing timely and useful information to increase the effectiveness of buying decisions is of the other advantages of this system.In this paper in addition to expressing to the role, status and benefits in the deployment of e-procurement in logistical organizations, the e-procurement system implementation process and the implementation requirements and considerations are also expressed.Keywords:Logistics, Supply Chain, Electronic procurement, purchasing, system. Dynamic programming for supplier selection and determining the order quantityMirBahador Gholi Aryanejad, Ebrahim Teymouri, Mohammad Mehdi Muqri Hamidreza Ghazi MoqaddamIndustrial Engineering DepartmentIran University of Science and Technology Railway Engineering DepartmentIran University of Science and TechnologyAbstractIn this paper the problem of supplier selection and determining the order quantity assigned to each supplier in a multi-period planning status has been studied simultaneously. Considered supply chain, has been composed from a few supplier companies and a producer company, and the producer is willing to select suppliers and determine the order quantity in each period from eligible suppliers. Each supplier offers a different price and the ordering fixed cost is also different. In each period, producers need to a product is different and known and holding costs are also considered. We have provided a mathematical model and a forward dynamic programming method for optimizing and obtaining an exact result. Finally a numerical example mentioned and computational results have been compared with branch and bound method, indicating much higher performance of the presented algorithm.Keywords:Supply chain, Supplier selection, Order quantity. Arcs of integration: an international study ofsupply chain strategiesArash Armoon Ali Hamidi Logistics Deputy of Sepah Logistics Studies and Research Center; University of Imam Hossein (PBUH)AbstractThough there is a wide acceptance of the strategic importance of integrating operations with suppliers and customers in supply chains, many questions remain unanswered about how best to characterize supply chain strategies. Is it more important to link with suppliers, customers, or both? Similarly, we know little about the connections between supplier and customer integration and improved operations performance. This paper investigated supplier and customer integration strategies in a global sample of 322 manufacturers. Scales were developed for measuring supply chain integration and five different strategies were identified in the sample. Each of these strategies is characterized by a different “arc of integration”, representing the direction (towards suppliers and/or customers) and degree of integration activity. Therewas consistent evidence that the widest degree of arc of integration with both suppliers and customers had the strongest association with performance improvement. The implications for our findings on future research and practice in the new millennium are considered.

Though there is a wide acceptance of the strategic importance of integrating operations with suppliers and customers in supply chains, many questions remain unanswered about how best to characterize supply chain strategies. Is it more important to link with suppliers, customers, or both? Similarly, we know little about the connections between supplier and customer integration and improved operations performance. This paper investigated supplier and customer integration strategies in a global sample of 322 manufacturers. Scales were developed for measuring supply chain integration and five different strategies were identified in the sample. Each of these strategies is characterized by a different “arc of integration”, representing the direction (towards suppliers and/or customers) and degree of integration activity. Therewas consistent evidence that the widest degree of arc of integration with both suppliers and customers had the strongest association with performance improvement. The implications for our findings on future research and practice in the new millennium are considered.