فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار 1390)

The significance of social networks as a key element in entrepreneurial activity becomes more evident. Social networks constitute a basis for social coherence and facilitate the flow of resources and information. The main propose of this paper is to identify the role of social network of entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. To this end, a social network, as an independent variable, consists of four dimensions (structure of social relations, social sources of information, content of social relations, and methods of information transfer) and opportunity recognition as the dependent variable has two dimentions (the number and the diversity of opportunities recognized). In this article the role of social network and its dimensions in entrepreneurial opportunity recognition is examined via a survey study among 101 entrepreneurs located in the science parks in the City of Tehran. The results indicate that the entrepreneurs, social network has a positive relationship with opportunity recognition and from among the dimensions of social network, the content of social relations has the most positive effect on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.

This paper studies the two dimensions of knowledge management, namely: knowledge creation and knowledge transfer as dependent variables aimed at introducing effective factors towards their successful implementation in informatics small firms. Thus seventeen hypotheses and a test of their correlation measured the relationship between independent variables and the two dimensions. A questionnaire was used for data gathering from 27 informatics small firms. The independent variables included: culture of knowledge sharing, individualism, knowledge documentation, organizational communication network, IT tools, IT knowledge, rewarding system, and organizational education system. The results show that individualism has a negative effect on knowledge transfer. The positive effect of IT knowledge on knowledge transfer was not confirmed, nor did the positive relationship of communication network on either the knowledge creation or knowledge transfer.

Farsi books are one of the most important tools for teaching and entrepreneurial attitude to children at primary schools. This paper reviews the rate of attention to entrepreneurial attitude based on cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions by content analysis method. The results of the research revealed that: first 24.8 percent of all Bekhanim (Reading) books and then 54.9 percent of all Benevisim (Writing) books (comprising all of texts, questions and pictures of these books) pay attention to entrepreneurial attitude factors.Frequency of creativity is the most and frequency of opportunity exploitation is the least in all the books reviewed as multi-faceted dimensions of entrepreneurial attitude (comprising: creativity, opportunity exploitation, need to achievement, locus of control and self-respect). Accordingly the third level books and the first level books have the most and the least frequencies from among the entrepreneurial attitude dimensions. Furthermore, for purposes of attitude dimensions, affective dimension in Bekhanim books and behavioral dimension in Benevisim books has the most frequency and finally cognitive dimension has the least frequency in all of the books.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between thinking styles and entrepreneurship personality characteristics of schools principals in Birjand. Participants were selected from among 107 schools principals via a stratified random sampling. The tools used were thinking styles based on the Sternberg-Wagner scale and entrepreneurship personality characteristics. Results were analyzed by using Pearson Correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. It was revealed that the external thinking was the prevailing thinking style and also need for achievement characteristic proved to be higher than the other entrepreneurship characteristics among the schools principals. The results also showed that judicial, liberal and external thinking styles had a significant and positive relationship with creativity and risk-taking characteristics of schools principals: Accordingly there was a significant positive relationship between the internal thinking styles with the need for independence. All the thinking styles had a significant and positive relationship with the need for achievement except the internal thinking style. The findings also showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between the judicial, liberal, executive and external thinking styles with the internal focus of control, as well as between the judicial and liberal thinking styles with tolerance for ambiguity on the part1 of schools principals.

The purpose of this research was to analyse the entrepreneurship education status in the Iranian higher education system. The research questions were based on entrepreneurship education curriculum models (objectives, contents, strategies and methods). The research method was a descriptive-survey type. The statistical population consisted of entrepreneurs, entrepreneur managers, curriculum and educational management experts, out of which 65 members were chosen as the sample. The information gathering tools were documents, entrepreneurship questionnaires and interview formats. The content questionnaire validity was confirmed by the curriculum and educational management experts. The questionnaire reliability coefficients used the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient which obtained 0.95. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The research findings showed that the observed t is bigger than the critical table amount (p>0.05). From the respondents, viewpoint, the objectives, contents, teaching and learning strategies, management and supervision styles, evaluation techniques should be contemplated more than the average level.

The aim of this research is to identify the role of knowledge translation in entrepreneurial research and development as a technology transfer success index. It was implemented as a correlation research by using a casual model. The statistical population of the study consisted of 2768 agricultural research specialists in Iran, One out of each six regional groups of provinces was randomly selected and 320 researchers were randomly chosen from among the six provinces based on Cochran’s sampling methodology. The research instrument consisted of Likert Scale for latent variables measurement. The validity of the questionnaire was analyzed by using the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) as a method of discriminate validity (calculated amounts were above 0.6). Also the composite reliability coefficients were calculated for the questionnaire (calculated amounts were above 0.5). The value of 0.82 was computed for questionnaire alpha. Structural equation modeling was employed. The findings from among the knowledge translation factors demonstrate that knowledge about Adapters, potential is the most influential factor compared to other dimensions. Further, the knowledge about environmental practice with 0.40 coefficient has the most effect on entrepreneurial R&D. this amount for knowledge documentation is 0.30, and for knowledge about adaptors potential is 0.11. By and large, KT has a considerable effect on entrepreneurial R&D formation.

Today, emerging evidence suggests that personality has a role to play in the origins of entrepreneurship, but little effort has been made to prove this subject so far. Therefore we review the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial level in this study and compare the amount of emotional intelligence from the perspective of entrepreneurship among students. The statistical research population constitutes all students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan, out of which 284 students are selected as the statistical sample. Measurement is based on the five levels of the Goleman emotional intelligence model, namely: self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, empathy and social skills. Accordingly, the measurement of entrepreneurship students is based on Scarborough and Zimmerer questionnaire (1990). The results of this study show that the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship is a positive correlation. Also the status of emotional intelligence, depending on the level of entrepreneurship among students, is different, and the more entrepreneurial the students are, the higher the degree of emotional intelligence is, such differences exist in all dimensions of emotional intelligence except self-awareness.

This research is one the non-experimental researches that originated from a structural equation model. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of science & technology parks in the growth of new technology-based firms (NTBF’s). In this research, we have explained the factors that can influence the growth of new technology based firm (NTBFs) and have then demonstrated a conceptual model by using Structural Equation Model. The total population of the firms located in science parks is 104 and samples were gained via random sampling and two-stage stratified sampling (N=62). Our findings show that there is a causal relationship between the science park’s facilitates and firm's growth for about %71. Also, other main variables available at the parks are consulting services. The growth has been analyzed via changes in sales, profitability and employment. At the end of this article, we have presented suggestions in order to improve a science park’s services and NTBFs, growth such as: the quality and quantity of facilities and services in science parks, resources and more supportive plans for SME’s and NTBFs, more efficient establishments and supportive structures, and eventually, specialized consultancy in the areas of management and marketing.

Reference to the conceptual model of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and a review of the wide-ranging literatures to be analyzed as entrepreneur-supporting variables in establishing SMEs will lead to key factors which are called SMEs establishment facilitating factors as discussed in this paper. Besides increasing the possibility of SMEs establishment, these factors affect an entrepreneur's success towards accomplishment of this goal and accelerate gaining access to positive outcomes. In a major categorization, such factors have been classified into two sets of entrepreneurial framework conditions and entrepreneur's conditions. Based on the conceptual model of GEM, the entrepreneurial framework conditions consist of factors which will facilitate SMEs. Establishment accordingly, the entrepreneur's conditions, are as stimulating levers, will provide motivation and capability of successful establishment of new SMEs by entrepreneurs. In this paper, such factors and their subordinates have been comprehensively discussed and are then prioritized by using the synthetic value of fuzzy judgments method. The target group is made up of a sample of 20 entrepreneurs and founders of SMEs in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province whereby the factors in each set, have been prioritized and, on average, reflect the precedence of entrepreneurial framework conditions over the entrepreneur's conditions.

Systematic innovation (TRIZ) is a creative problem-solving technique that has been first introduced by Genrich Altshuller. TRIZ has been developed to aid inventors to accelerate innovations. Substantial researches have been done for recognizing, developing and using TRIZ in different fields. Fourty inventive principles have been summarized by analyzing thousands of patents by Altshuller.The goal of this paper is to evaluate the rate of application of “Fourty inventive principles” by inventors. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on the fourty inventive principles was generated based on the literature review. The questionnaire answers were analyzed through descriptive and survey statistics by using SPSS software. This analysis shows that most researchers apply the TRIZ inventive principle unknowingly. At the end of this paper, we have presented some suggestions for accelerating innovation in RCISP and similar institutes based on our surveys.