فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1390)

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of knowledge management processes on corporate entrepreneurship so as to clarify the entrepreneurial position in designing a KM model for the organizations involved in this arena. For this research, a five-point Likert questionnaire was applied in which after random sampling, 213 industrial estates, SMEs in the east of Mazandaran Province was analyzed. LISREL8.5 and SPSS16 softwares were used to test the hypotheses. The construct reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Research findings show that sharing knowledge both directly (0.46) and indirectly (0.38) and applying knowledge directly (0.59) affect significantly corporate entrepreneurship. But the direct effect of knowledge gathering is not confirmed. On the other hand, the indirect effect of gathering knowledge on entrepreneurship through sharing (0.15) and applying knowledge (0.12) is confirmed.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between cultural quotient or intelligence (CQ) and entrepreneurial characteristics in non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The research is done on the basis of the correlational method. Data are gathered from 244 founders of NGOs in the Tehran Province and two questionnaires are distributed to measure the CQ and entrepreneurial characteristics. The results show that there are deep relationships between the four-factor model of CQ and all dimensions of entrepreneurial characteristics. Accordingly, ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬the behavioral CQ and cognitive CQ demonstrate a causal relationship with entrepreneurial characteristics at 0.01 levels. Therefore, promoting the behavioral and cognitive CQ has a direct effect on entrepreneurship. This paper indicates that CQ can be considered as a vital factor for successful management of an NGO. These results can also be used to explore the necessary characteristics for multicultural workplace. Additionally, this paper introduces a new idea for academic studies and practicable cultural experiences.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the theory of Entrepreneurial Situational Leadership based on the Narrative Review method and the Meta-analysis technique. In the new theory, corresponding with the four levels of Organizational Entrepreneurial Readiness (OER1-4), four entrepreneurial leadership strategies are raised in situational, and transformational leadership approachs. When Organizational Entrepreneurial Readiness is low (OER1), Accelerator Leadership Strategy is more effective, but in OER2-3, when Organizational Entrepreneurial Readiness is below average or above average, Miner leadership strategy and explorer leadership strategies are effective respectively. When Organizational Entrepreneurial Readiness is at its highest level (OER 4), however, integrator leadership strategy is effective. Therefore, Entrepreneurial Leader are not only facilitators of the process of external opportunity recognition, but they are also actively involved in this process.

One of the effective measures to solve social problems is to use social entrepreneurial activities in the society. In order to provide an appropriate context for social entrepreneurship and solve these social problems, a model is felt to be needed in this field. The purpose of this study which is based on the qualitative research method, the Grounded Theory (GT), is to develop a social entrepreneurship model for organizing street children in Iran. Therefore 22 key informants were interviewed based on the "theatrical saturation" and targeted sampling. Open coding and axial coding were applied for data collection from interviews and selective coding was performed accordingly. Totally, by and large, 552 conceptual statements from open coding and 114 categorical statements from axial coding were extracted whereby the hypotheses, reflecting the overall relations among categories, were clearly recognized and a GT model emerged. Based on the model, the phenomenon reflects the missing link of responsibility toward street children.

Venture capital (VC) investment process encompasses a set of consecutive phases which venture capitalists adopt to execute an investment project from beginning to end. Relying upon their competitive advantages and market orientation, advanced economies have extracted precise and efficient VC processes, tailor-made to their infrastructural conditions over time. Venture capital industry is nascent in Iran; therefore there are a few studies on this subject in the Iranian context. In this regard, introducing the elements of the process will be a springboard to other more elaborate researches in the field and development of VC industry in our country. The main goal of this research is to describe the current venture capital investment process in Iran by introducing its phases. This research can be considered an applied research based on its goal, and a qualitative research based on its research methodology. The fundamental model of this research is based on Klonowsk’s model(2007) but it is modified and improved through deep and open interviews with 9 senior industry experts, taking into account the business environment, and economic structure in Iran. The research findings are classified in 3 groups: current situation, desired situation, and causes of differences between current VC process in Iran, and base process of the research. The current venture capital investment process in Iran consists of 6 levels. This process has 3 levels smaller than the base process of the research.

Considering the importance of sport sector in the improvement of business environment and development of entrepreneurship is undeniable in job creation and curbing unemployment. In this regard, the knowledge about the barriers of entrepreneurship which will help with the proper policy making of sport issues is of great significance. This article studies the obstacles of entrepreneurship in three behavioral, structural, and environmental branches from the viewpoint of sport entrepreneurs. With respect to the importance and position of identified effective factors In entrepreneurship, an explorative method, was used to collect data from a 100-person sample of two groups of sport entrepreneurs and producers of sports equipment and tools as well as the club owners in the form of interviews and distribution of questionnaires. The results indicated that there was no difference between these two groups and the following factors were the main obstacles of entrepreneurship in sport: (the size of investments by the government in sports, paying attention to the quality of products and services, motivation and general dominant atmosphere of the society towards creation and implementation of new ideas, the level of competition in sports market (production of sport equipment and management of clubs), the infrastructure of business, communication, transportation, insurance and bank services.

The aim of this research is to scrutinize the relationship between Gregorc cognitive styles and MS students’ entrepreneurial characteristics at Payame Noor university of Tehran. The research technique is descriptive and correlation type, using questionnaire to gather data. The population in this research was 5962 Master’s Degree students at Payame Noor University of Tehran with a random sampled of 361 students, using classification sampling method. After gathering and analyzing data, by utilizing Lisrel software, path analytical models for studying relation between Gregorc cognitive styles and entrepreneurship as well as indexes of entrepreneurship have been drawn. Hypotheses test show that Gregorc cognitive styles have positive and statistically significant correlation with entrepreneurial characteristics. Among the variables of cognitive styles, the most to least effective ones are concrete -sequential style, abstract- random style, concrete- random style the abstract-sequential style.

With the increasing importance of academic research commercialization (ARC), identifying the performance measurement systems in academic research commercialization for strategic planning in universities needs to be seriously taken into account. In this regard, the present research aims at designing a performance measurement system for commercializing the academic research in Technical Facuties of Tehran University. The research methodology for designing the system is a combination of two phases; the qualitative phase is a case study which uses various resources, including interviews and the analysis of documents’ contents to extract data and the quantitative phase which consists of surveys and interviews. According to the results, the qualitative phase which consists of designing a performance measurement system for commercializing the academic research is divided into three categories, namely: structural indicators (4 dimensions and 14 components), processes (4 dimensions and 20 components) and output indicators (one dimension and 8 components). In addition, the method and conclusion for Pardis was measured through determining the measurement method, weight and dimensions of the issues and their importance. Through the qualitative phase, an PMS was designed for commercializing the academic research in the Technical Faculties of Tehran University.

Rural entrepreneurship, through value added production, will improve employment and facilitate a more equitable distribution of income as a key component of rural development driving engine. The establishment of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the field of agricultural marketing is a suitable strategy for reinforcement of entrepreneurialism which has got a double importance in single crop zones. The main purpose of this applied research is to identify the barriers of development of entrepreneurial enterprises which are involved in the date complementary industries in Khuzestan Province. The dominant approach of research was quantitative based on survey method. The statistical population included two separate groups, 41 owners of entrepreneurial enterprises and 40 experts who were associated with these enterprises. In order to collect information on the date a questionnaire was used. Content validity of instrument was confirmed by some experienced experts and enterprises, owners and its reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.81). The findings indicated that the two groups agreed with 17 cases from 35 designed variables as deterrents of development of entrepreneurial enterprises. In addition, according to the results of factor analysis, the agreed deterrents classified in four factors: "infrastructural", "marketing" "managerial" and "policy-making" approximately predicted 53.94% of total variation.

This study assesses the fitting properties of a corporate entrepreneurship measurement model. This model measures the key internal organizational factors that influence middle managers to initiate corporate entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the stratified data sampling method was used and samples were selected from middle managers (108 persons of Textile SMEs in YAZD Province). In this research, the number of employees was considered fewer than 51 for small companies and between 51 and 150 for medium companies based on the standard defined by the Ministry of Industries. Therefore, 100 questionnaires were released to middle managers of small and medium companies and 58 questionnaires were collected with 0.58 rate of return which the error of our samples quantity is between 0.1(51 persons)and 0.07(70 persons). Based on the factors loading scores and components loading distribution, latent factors were extracted and assigned. The study concluded existence of different factors: the support of managers, work discretion, formal reinforcement programs, time availability and organizational boundaries. These results were confirmed by other relevant studies. For the analysis of extracted conceptual models and validity of every internal organizational factor, the path and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Then, six conceptual causal models were designed regarding the relationship between visible indicators as latent factors and confirmed by statistical methods.