نشریه عرفان اسلامی
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1387)

Sheikh Shahaboddin Sohrevardi (550-587 A.H.) known as Sheikh Ishraq, before being a philosopher he was a great mystic whose biography is the best evidence for his inclination toward the Iranian Sufism. Just like a perfect disciple, he considered touring around the globe and suffered severe mortification for self-purification, and always sat with grand sheikhs and outstanding Sufis so that due to the virtue gained from sophisticated contemplation he could elevate to the illumination philosophy. In the end, he joined the school of aestheticism and beauty loving in the Iranian and Islamic mysticism and accepts the ethical principles of the school and reveals them in his works. He enjoys the Zoroastrian mysticism and upheavals the Iranian mysticism up to the school of aestheticism upon that background. He devotes himself to the original mystical courtship, singing, and dancing and love and beauty so that he deems the virtual beauty and love to be a bridge toward the real one.

Tendency toward the unknown world and discovery of metaphysics and benefiting from charming linkage are something instinctive so that the whole human beings are looking for ways to meet these essential needs from within. Accordingly, there are different instructions and sometimes opposing ones in the spiritual revolution and behavior so far that each group selects a certain doctrine and is happy about it. This abstract endeavors to study the concept of meditation as the only factor of evolution, revolution and behavior, and criterion for an individual devotion to the Shariah and self-discovery as the foremost principle of mediation, then pointing out to the requirement and conformity of Shariah with religion and reality, it should be proved that due to traditions and the divine mystic works, the core of reasoning is the highest virtue of God and special saints and meditation is the key to education and evolution treasury and science, and a necessary and certain introduction to the human behavior.

The paper deals with the origin and cause of wicked formation in the cosmos, and in addition to explaining the pantheism, it is noted that the cosmos is mystically a system of manifestation and emergence. And the multiplicity that exists in the universe is the one in His manifestation and emergence and attributes. And since His various names are the sublime ones in general everything looks beautiful.Accepting the above while witnessing phenomenon such as flood, earthquake, poverty, and death, are not contrary to that. One can remove that suspicion of wicked people upon studying the true nature of wickedness and the relevant concept.Wickedness is divisible into two categories: 1- Instinctively wicked 2- Comparatively wicked. The first category implies those objects that lack some virtues thus attributing the wickedness. Their wickedness is something to be obtainable so that whatever has been manifested in them is instinctively graceful and beautiful. The second category belongs to those phenomena good per se but if compared to other things the concept is obtained.Upon the above categories, manifestation of any object in the world is the virtue of God and the whole universe is not something away from beauty. In addition, the analysis of wickedness reveals that whatever deemed wicked to us is the necessary element of creating the universe without which there wouldnt be any system of living.

In western culture and contemporary period, the jurisdiction of religions, especially that of Christianity and Judaism, has been misogynistic, whereas western civilization claims that it wants to give women rights back to them. Following the feministic movements initiated in France, This matter was imported by other western countries leading to the approval of conventions on removing discrimination of women in the United Nations and similar conferences. Studying the convention items reveals that the basis is the thorough equality of men and women so that since it has compared their emotional, sexual, spiritual, and physical differences, they are newly oppressed and are subject to various vulnerabilities. In contrast, in Islamic viewpoints, especially in Islamic mysticism, a woman is more respectful than a man making it ahead of the western legal attitude toward women. Perhaps some verdicts about women had not been executed but logically and theoretically it matches more to the women rights.

The state of love is something lofty and the one who conquers is ultimately in felicity and joy. Its heaven is the acme of mystic's aspiration on which other states rely. The real love cry is the cause of refinement and betterment of spirit, and cheerful and inspiring breeze for the inner self. Original affection and love is mutual relation between God and mankind so that the existence of human being is directed toward the creator while God's love reciprocates toward man. What follows is a paper briefly made on the real love as seen by mystics. It studies topics including the meaning of love, reality behind mystical revolution and behavior, mysticism, reality, and the like. It is concluded that real mystics and lovers of His domain are not only far from the negative outcome of paganism and affection— self-love, worldly material, etc.—but also they believe that the perfect friendship and affection goes only to God, praying that "Oh Lord, dont blind our soul to what is against your affection" as well as tens of thousands other life bestowing cries eventually taking their people to the original and eternal living place, namely proximity with God. Detached is the love people religion Divine is the lover's people and religion

The paper deals with the relation between wisdom and revelation and compares the beliefs of one of the greatest Islamic mystic, namely Ibn Arabi with one of the western scholars, Paul Tilish, in terms of their viewpoints. In mysticism and Sufism, science and knowledge are not restricted to any special domain. Wisdom is not expected to answer the whole questions of human being. Paul Tilish who is a Christian spokesman is in parallel with mystical beliefs in many cases out of which five common cases have been compared and contrasted in the paper.

Manifestation means emergence, apparent, clear, and brightening. Literally it is the divine shining over the mystic heart and overall manifestation of God onto the existence. Such a divine manifestation ends up with the removal of the whole human attributions. Manifestation is of three types: essence manifestation that is a sign of fatality of inner self and melting of the features of devotees into the power of the almighty God, called "Seaghe". Another type is the manifestation of attributions whose signs include being qualified for the Almighty attributions, courtesy and humility toward the power and majesty of God, or being attributed to the beauty features as joy and familiarity with the mercy, favor, and kindness of God.Manifestation of action is the third type with the sign of ignoring people actions but watching divine action everywhere as well as disregarding the action associated with one's own.Action is caused by attributes and attributes come from essence. Thus, the intuition of action manifestation is called "Mohazereh", the intuition of features manifestation as "Mokashefah", and that of essence is "Moshahedah". The origin of the whole living things is manifestation of God interpreted in two ways: scientific manifestation, i.e. God emergence as fixed nobility within majestic science (divine grace); and intuitive existing manifestation, i.e. manifestation of God within the order and effect of fixed nobility (Sacred grace).Within the first manifestation in science, God has first emerged as His nobility and talents and capabilities while making the universe. The existence of universe is the manifestation of God.If there are no God's manifestation over the objects, the reality of objects wont be shown.If the universe lacks the manifestation it disappears instantly and if it streams within the universe it survives. Therefore, the whole existence lives on the God's manifestation.Your ray of virtue manifested in eternity,Love came and the universe was glowed.

Enjoying the master and a guide on the way toward God is something necessary because devotee of the God's path is in need of a leader to save him from the self and temptation of Satan. But the point is the method of the master because devotee gives his heart to him and believes whatever he says in religion matters, and in fact he gets onto a way that the master has already gone through. Thus this paper focuses on the necessity of a guide and his qualifications and how to find a qualified master.

There are various topics in Spiritual Couplets (Mathnavi Manavi) stated about the attitude of mystics toward existence in this world and the other one. Personification in physical body and forgetting the earlier world, and the primary homeland make up the topics in Spiritual Couplets. This paper endeavors to explain the Rumi's viewpoints respectively in terms of his poetry lines and his prose as compared with the "Sample World" of Plato. Regardless of the differences between Rumi and Plato in other issues, the primary land and its forgetfulness due to the worldly interests and hangings and their talented capabilities to recall that in common is what has been investigated.To explain this theory, leaving dependencies and carnal desires and acquiring insight, soul and its ancient history, and its dependency on the sublime universe, or earlier homeland, have been discussed.In stating the lines of the poetry, to prevent the repetition of the footnotes, mentioning the number of the line and other ones indicated at the bottom of lines.