فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1390)

One of the effective methods of diabetic treatments is training and caring plans; and personality traits are the most effective variables in adherencing to these plans. So the purpose of this research was to compare the personality dimensions and ways of coping in type 2 diabetic patients. Subjects of this research were 60 type 2 diabetic and 60 non-diabetic patients from Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardabil city. All subjects met the inclusion criteria. The groups were matched by age and gender. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQR) and Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping (WCQ) were used for data gathering. Data were analyzed by discriminant analysis. The results showed that there are significant deferens between diabetic and non-diabetic patiant in personality dimensions and ways of coping, and that generated discriminant function based on linear combination of personality dimensions and ways of coping can explains 87/9% of diabetic and non-diabetic patients differences. According to the result, considering neurotism, psychotism, introversion and predominantly use of emotion-focused ways of coping in diabetes patients, it can be prepared effective caring plans for type 2 diabetic patients.

This study examined students’ profiles regarding motivation orientations and tested whether profile groups differed on cognitive, affective and social outputs. Study was performed on Tabriz university students. The sample consisted of 370 students, which were randomly selected. The instrumentals employed in the study were The Academic Motivation Scale, Prosocial Goals, Classroom Attitudes and Learning Strategies Questionnaires. Hierarchical cluster analysis method, MANOVA and post Hoc Tests were used to determine the optimal cluster structure of students. The results revealed that 4 profiles: (a) students with high level of autonomous motivation (b) students with high level of interojected regulation and internal motivation, (c) students with high levels of both autonomous and controlled motivations and (d) students with low levels of both controlled and autonomous motivation but high levels of amotivation. In addition, it was found that students in the high autonomous/high controlled group reported the highest degree of cognitive, affective and social outputs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between alexithymia and experience of pain (severity of pain and disability of pain) in chronic pain patients. One hundred chronic musculoskeletal pain patients (67 women, 33 men) participated in this research. All participants were asked to complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CPSEQ), Visual Analogue Scale for Pain Severity (VAS), and Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ). Data were analyzed by regression analysis. The results showed that self-efficacy moderated the relationship between alexithymia and experience of pain including both severity of pain and disability of pain. Self-efficacy decreased the effect of alexithymia on experience of severity and disability of pain. It can be concluded that the relationship between alexithymia and experience of pain in chronic pain patients was influenced by self-efficacy.

The aim of current study was the prediction of moral development and altruism on the base of personality factors among students of Mohagege Ardebili University. In this study, 208 students (120 female, 88 male) were chosen through stratified random sampling were from Mohagege Ardebili University. For gathering information, the NEO personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the ''ma'' moral developments Questionnaire were used. The gathered data was analyzed through multiple regression. The results of regression showed that from five factor on personality, the neuroticism (negatively) and openness (positively) have significant role in prediction of moral development. Also the result showed that only the conscientiousness factor can predict the altruism, significantly.

The defense style questionnaire was examined through factor analyses on clinical and non-clinical samples by several researchers, namely Bond (1983), Andrews et al.(1993). Although their findings are somehow similar, there are some contradictions in their final there is not total consistency among different existing results. The present study is the factor analysis of this questionnaire with a total sample of 666 Iranian high school students and 401 university students. The objective of this study was identifying the number of factors related to their defense styles. The results of explorative parallel factor analysis indicated that in the whole statistical population (n=1067), three distinct factors were observed. In spite of differences of defense mechanism types embodied in each style, our results are in accordance with the early data reported by Andrew et al. (1993) and the findings of other researchers.

In this research, the main goal was to study the effect of stress on visual selective attention, by moderating role of to Neuroticism (N). The sample group was selected with respect to neuropsychological screening variables by multi-session random sampling from unmarried male students of the universities in Tehran (60 individuals in three equal groups (20 individuals in each group; two experimental groups and one control group). Individuals in experimental groups administered cognitive stressful tasks and subsequently their visual selective attention was assessed. The attention of visual selective control group member's was assessed without administrating cognitive stressful tasks. Sum of errors in counting and errors in classification designated as visual attention indexes. Data were analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that stress significantly increased both counting and classification errors (p<0.0001). In addition, Neuroticism (N) aggravated the effect of stress on both counting error and classification error (p<0.0001) considerably. These results revealed that stress reduces the visual selective attention on neutral stimuli and Neuroticism (N) intensifies this negative effect.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of relationship enhancement trainingon improving optimism and marital happiness of couples in Isfahan. The design of this study is quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. In order to conduct this study 36 couples were randomly selected and assigned in an experimental group (20couples) and a control group (16 couples). The independent variable was relationship enhancement which was administrated in 8 sessions on the experimental group while there was no instruction for the control group. The instruments for this study were Marital Happiness Scale (MHS) and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). The data was analyzed by analysis of covariance. The result showed that relationship enhancement training has effectively led to improving of optimism and marital happiness of couples (p<0.01). As a result of following up after a month, it was shown that there is difference between experimental group, and control group considering the amount of marital quality and its aspects (0.01) and the efficacy of relationship enhancement has remained after a month. The result showed that relationship enhancement has effectively led to improving of marital quality, that similar to previous researches. These results may be product useful information abut effectiveness of relationship enhancement on marital quality for researchers, counselors and psychotherapists.

The present research aimed to compare the personal traits level of the people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy people. In a comparative study, 90 people (30 with IBS, 30 with IBD and 30 healthy persons) were selected through the convenience sampling method. Thereafter, ROME-II questionnaires for IBS and IBD patients were completed with the help of medical expert in digestion. All groups of IBS, IBD and healthy people completed demographic information questionnaires and five dimensional (NEO-PI) scales. The acquired data were analyzed through the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the neurosis levels in IBS and IBD patients are higher than the healthy persons although rate of openness in healthy people have been more than IBS and IBD patients. Apart, extroversion in healthy people has been more than those of IBS and IBD patients. Similarly, conscientious in IBD patients is more than IBS ones. From the point of view of anxiety, there is no disagreement between IBS patients and IBD and healthy people. It can be said that with the identification of personal traits of patients suffering from IBS and familiarizing the patients with these characteristics, they are being put in the positive feedbacks in order to identify their own personalities.

The goal of study was to verify the emotional reactions to Persian classical music excerpts. The musical stimuli comprised seven traditional excerpts that differed in mode and rhythm (rhythmic and non-rhythmic). The participants were 166 nonmusic undergraduate students. Using the paper and pencilversion of the self-assessment manikin (SAM), emotional valence, arousal, and dominance of the perceived excerpts were rated on a 9-point scale. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results revealed that in contrast to non-rhythmic excerpts, more pleasantness and high arousal affect were associated with rhythmic excerpts. One might conclude that mode and rhythm manipulations in Persian classical music excerpts could induce different mood states.