فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1392)

The aim of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents and consequences of narcissistic personality. The sample of this study consisted of 314 students of Shahid Chamran University selected with multistage random sampling. Instruments were, Baumrind’s Parenting Style, Adult Attachment (AAI), Early Trauma, Narcissistic Personality (NPI-16), Ahvaz Aggression and Bell’s Social Adjustment Inventory. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. The indirect effects were tested by using Bootestrap procedure in Preacher and Hayse Macro program. Results revealed that model with some modification had good fit with the data. Based on the tested structural equation modeling, authoritarian parenting was predictive of narcissism through avoidant attachment style. Moreover, Authoritative parenting style was predictive of narcissism through secure attachment style. Early trauma was predictive of narcissism. Also, narcissism was predictive of aggression and social maladjustment. The result obtained and the model presented in this study discussed in terms of other therapeutic and educational implications on narcissism.

The current research sought to compare dimensions of women's marital satisfaction in non-governmental and government jobs and Housewives. To do so, 322 married women (152 housewives and 170 employed women), who were from Tabriz and have been living with their husbands, were selected. The data were gathered using a demographic information questionnaire and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, and analyzed through MANOVA. Results showed that in many dimensions, (i.e. personality issues, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relationship, and friends and family) housewives were less satisfied than employed women. There was no significant difference between teachers and administrative employees, while non-governmental employees had lower marital satisfaction than governmental employees, in personality issues, conflict resolution, financial management, and leisure activities. Therefore, it was indicated that the highest rate of marital dissatisfaction is among housewives, and then non-governmental employee women. Based on these results, psychologists, counselors and all those who are engaged in issues of family and women’s employments, could take mentioned dimensions into account as potential problems of housewives and non-governmental employee women.

Dyslexia is a situation in which the reading progress is lower than expectations regarding age, education and intelligence of child. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self regulation training on improvement of executive functions and reading performance. For this purpose, 2 students (male) with dyslexia were selected by available sampling from one of LD centers in Tabriz city and received 10 sessions of self regulation training. The study was performed in single subject design using single base line plan with 2 weeks of follow up. Dyslexia test, Andre Rey and Wechsler’s digit span were used to evaluate student’s improvement. Results indicated that the cases improved in reading performance and executive functions. This improvement was stable during two weeks follow up. It can be Concluded that self regulation training was effective on reading performance and executive functions in dyslexic students.

Needs satisfaction and following life satisfaction lead to desirable outcomes in developing societies. Life satisfaction as a comprehensive and general evaluate on is affected by various internal and external factors. The aim of the present study was investigating relationship among Personality Factors, social support and spiritual well being with life satisfaction. 250 subjects were selected by stratified sampling. Data were gathered using NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), MOS-Social Support Scale (MOS - SSS) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results indicated significant relationship among personality factors, social support and spiritual well - being with life satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that neuroticism is stronger predictor for life satisfaction. With respect to importance of internal and external factors related to students, life satisfaction, cognition of these factors can help understanding well-being and planning to increase their life satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive distortions training on marital satisfaction in women. The sample was 60 married women who referred to Behzisti Counseling Centers in Isfahan. They were placed randomly in the experimental (30 people) and control group (30 people). Enrich marital satisfaction inventory was used. Cognitive distortion was assessed by cognitive distortion inventory and it was trained to experimental group in 6 sessions. Data were analyses by analysis of covariance and t-test by SPSS software. Results showed that cognitive distortions training improved marital satisfaction (P<0.001) and Cognitive distortions training reduced these distortions (P<0.001)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-regulation training on problem solving in preschool children. The study participants included 40 children 20 girls and 20 boys from Meybod city with mean age of 5 years and 6 months, were randomly assigned to experimental and which control group. A self-regulation training program was taught to the children in the experimental group for 20 hours by games and story therapy techniques. Three subscales of Arithmetic, Mazes and Block Design from Wechsler Pre-school and Primary scale of intelligence (WPPSI) were used as a measure of problem solving using Analysis of covariance. The difference between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test was significant (p0.01). Although the boys were better at problem-solving tasks than the girls (p0.01) but difference was not statistically significant for interaction of gender and intervention (p0.01). In other words, effect of the education on boys and girls was the same. Regarding the effectiveness of self-regulation training in problem solving, it is essential that extensive programs be designed to promote children's problem solving ability with its content based on training Self-regulation. Training these skills will also be useful in the development of other cognitive domains.

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric characteristics of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. The research method was descriptive in which 774 participants (311 patients, 463 normals) were selected through purposeful and simple random sampling, respectively. For gathering data, Millon clinical multiaxial inventory was utilized. Analysis of data revealed that reliability of this inventory via test-retest were 0.611-0.793 in patients and 0.795-0.972 in normals. Reliability using chronbach’s alpha were 0.64-0.89. Positive prediction power for personality scales (0.13-0.47), for clinical scales (0.33-0.78), and negative prediction power for inventory (0.91-0.99), and total discrimination power (0.77-0.97) were found. In factor analyzing through principal factors and varimax rotation, 9 factors with eigenvalue more than 1 were found. They included: emotional distress, self-referring thoughts/paranoid projection, drug abuse, alcoholism, lack of emotional control/inhibition problems, rumination, sociability, trauma, passivity. On the basis of findings, it can be said that Millon clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III gas sufficient reliability and validity to be used among people with psychological disorders.

The study was carried out to investigate the Effectiveness of based on cognitive behavior-based play therapy on anxiety and self-esteem in children with ADHD. In a semi_experimental design, children admitted to psychiatry center which received psychiatric diagnosis and suffered from compound type ADHD, were interviewed, child symptom inventory (CSI_4) was used too, families and additionally. 24 children were selected and assigned to experimental (12 subjects) and control group (12 subjects). Both experimental and control groups were included 6 boys and 6 girls with the age range 7 to 12. Before, implementing play therapy of approach, coper smith's self-esteem and spence's anxiety tests were administrated as pre_test. Then post_ test was done. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Findings revealed that play therapy, caused significant increase in the self-esteem of children with ADHD, but this therapeutic approach did not lead to significant reduction in anxiety symptom in children with ADHD. It can be noted that play therapy based on cognitive_ behavior approach an effective method to increase the self-esteem in children with ADHD.

There is strong evidence that high anxious individuals selectively attend to threatening information. But the results of attentional bias in trait and state anxiety is inconsistent in this filed.In this article, the authors were aimed to investigate the attentional bias in state and trait anxiety. In a causal- comparative research, 120 male and female students were selected randomly from Ferdowsi University. Instruments involving, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Dot- Probe Test, were administered on the participants. The data of 76 (76/1% female) participants which determined as high and low trait and state anxious individuals were analyzed. The results of ANCOVA analysis showed that main effect of trait anxiety was significant (F(1,75)=8.174, p≤0.01,d=0.68), But there is no significant interaction between trait and state anxiety in interference scores in Dot-probe test. High trait anxious individuals selectively has Oriented Attention toward the threatening information. Attentional bias toward to threatening sources is correlated threatening information that is the component of hypervigilance in these persons.

The present research investigates the effects of strategic training of thinking on critical thinking in k-5 students. An experimental study, 80 students (40 female, 40 male) were selected through cluster sampling and assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training of thinking session (15 sessions, each in one hour). Student’s critical thinking were assessed by Cornell critical thinking –x level scale, then wee compared. Data were analyzed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results revealed that training of thinking did have significant effect on critical thinking. Critical thinking can be increased via direct training of thinking, participating students in classroom tasks, and sharing them in thinking process.