فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1392)

Regarding the high prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Traits (AST) among people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and simultaneity of anxiety disorders in individual with high level of Autism spectrum traits as well, this study was conducted to investigate the simple and multiple relationships of autistic spectrum traits and obsessive-compulsive disorder among secondary school girl students in Yazd. The population of current research included all of the girl students of secondary school in Yazd. The samples include 250 students who were chosen by multistage random sampling method. Autism spectrum Quotient (AQ) and OCD sub scale of SCL-90. Data were analyzed by multiple regressions. The results indicated that %10 of obsessive-compulsive variance was explained by autistic traits. Attention switching and communication emerged as the strongest predictors of obsessive-compulsive in students. Autism spectrum traits are prevalent in OCD and seem to be associated with the co-morbidities as well as the OCD syndrome itself.

The current study was conducted to compare thinking styles, attribution style, Optimism and pessimism in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people. It was an ex post facto design. Population included patients with ODC who were referred to psychiatric clinics of Ardabil in 1391. Forty patients having OCD were compares with forty normal participants. In order to collect data, OCD questionnaire, Maudsley practical, Sternberg thinking style questionnaire, Seligman attribution style questionnaire the revised and life- directional questionnaire were administered. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. In accordance with the findings, the individuals having obsessive thinking styles had more functional impairment than normal individuals. Also individuals possessing obsessive-compulsive disorder were more pessimistic, internal and stable in attribution style. The most predictive variables were optimism and pessimism, respectively. These results demonstrated the prominent role of thinking styles, attribution styles, optimism and pessimism in forming and developing obsessive- compulsive disorder.

In this study we examined the efficacy of Unified transdiagnostic Treatment in symptoms reduction of patients with generalized anxiety disorder and a comorbid emotional disorder. Three women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and a comorbid emotional disorder were selected by using purposeful sampling method; along with diagnostic interview and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) based on disorders axis I. Patients underwent the treatment process subsequent to obtaining treatment requirements. Non-congruent multiple baseline experimental single case study was used as the method of the present study.The efficacy of Unified transdiagnostic Treatment Protocol (UP) was carried out in three phase of intervention (Baseline, 12 session treatment and 6 weeks follow-up) by using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-Q-IV), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) and comorbid diagnosis-specific measures evaluated. Data analyzed with visuals inspection, improvement percentage and reliable change index (RCI) strategies. Results showed Unified transdiagnostic Treatment had both clinically and statistically (p<0/05) significant efficient on the reduction of treatment's target (worry, negative affect, functioning impairment and symptoms of GAD and comorbid disorder) severity. Unified transdiagnostic Treatment has appropriate efficacy in the symptoms reduction of patients suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder with a comorbid emotional disorder.

Dialectical behavior therapy is a cognitive-behavioral therapy based on skill training that in the present study we have tried to the effectiveness of the treatment in patients with borderline personality disorder are examined.This study used experimental single case design scheme of multi stepped on two patients with 20 sessions over the course of a month follow up. Data gathering through Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, Beck Depression Inventory and suicidal Ideation scale. The Treatment of changes in mood and behavior instability significant signs of suicide, proposed boundary cases.This study shows, dialectical behavior therapy can be effective in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. The treatment caused significant changes in the patient's symptoms and the use two during the follow-up treatment to continue.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of social anxiety symptoms (fear, avoidance, psychological arousal) on the basis of early maladaptive schemas. The sample consisted of 200 Ilam university students who selected by multistage random sampling. Participants completed the young’s schema questionnaire- Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Results indicated that there is significant relationship between early maladaptive schema and fear, avoidance and psychological arousal. Social isolation/ alienation schema predict three symptoms significantly. Furthermore, part of each symptom variance was significantly predicted by specific schemas. Although part of obtained results with other researchers findings are attuned, but in the case of the results should be treated with caution and a greater cross-cultural and inter-cultural research can help to scrutinize the findings.

Differences between the subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) continue to have a place in the research. The present study aimed to study the effectiveness of response inhibition training on the reduction of symptoms of ADHD combined, ADHD-predominantly inattentive and ADHD comorbid with ODD in a sample of 6 children aged 7-10 years old. using clinical interviews, Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) and Raven's Intelligence Test for children, 4 students with ADHD were selected as sample and In a single case study of multiple baseline, treatment process on subjects (2 ADHD combined, 2 ADHD predominantly inattentive,2ADHD/ODD) was performed. The result of the data analysis based on descriptive statistic`s and visual analysis indices revealed that response inhibition training reduces symptoms of ADHD combined and ADHD predominantly inattentive. Training of response inhibition did not significantly decrease symptoms of subtype ADHD / ODD.

Studies show that perspective-taking can have a significant impact on the couple’s marital quality. This impact can be direct or indirect and can be in interaction with other psychological significant variables such as communication patterns. This study aimed to investigate direct and indirect effects of perspective-taking on marital quality with mediating of Communication Patterns (mutual constructive communication pattern, demand/ with drywal and mutual avoidance communication patterns). The participants of the study were 300 married teachers who were living in Ahvaz and were selected by multiphasic random sampling method. Participants completed marital Quality Index (QMI), Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ), Self-Dyadic Perspective Taking Scale (SDPT), and Other Dyadic Perspective Taking Scale (ODPT). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) and also the indirect effects were tested by bootstrapping method of AMOS/18 software. The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit for the data. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that other dyadic perspective-taking was directly Positive predictive of marital quality. Self-dyadic perspective-taking and other-dyadic perspective-taking, through mutual constructive communication pattern indirectly was positive predictor of marital quality and mutual constructive communication pattern directly was positive predictor of marital quality. The result also showed that demand/ with drawl and mutual avoidance communication patterns were directly predictor of marital quality. Also, self-dyadic and other-dyadic perspective-taking, through demand/with drawl and mutual avoidance communication patterns were indirectly negative predictor of marital quality.

Procrastination is one of the features that generally considered one of the college experience and is one of the harmful factor to students. The aim of this study was to study thePrediction change of academic procrastination by academic self efficacy and life satisfaction. For these purpose 302 graduate students of Tabriz University were selected through Cochran formula and completed the academic procrastination, academic self efficacy and life satisfaction scales. The gathered data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results indicated that academic self-efficacy and life satisfaction were a negative predictor of academic procrastination. Academic self-efficacy and life satisfaction can predict. %20 of the common variance of academic procrastination. This means that students who have high academic self efficacy and life satisfaction have low academic procrastination. The results indicated that enhancement of self efficacy and improvement of life satisfaction can lead to reduce the procrastination

Since advanced emotional intelligence can be useful in many aspects of life, the people who own this kind of intelligence will have an emotional and suitable life, so purpose of this research is investigation of effectiveness of emotional skills training on increasing emotional intelligence and couple happiness of married women students in Isfahan University. This research was based on a semi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group study. This was conducted on 30 married women students. They were divided into two experimental and control groups by random sampling method. Eight ninety minute sessions of emotional skills training were conducted on experimental group.Instruments were Furnham’s emotional intelligence questionnaire and Tagarian’s couple happiness questionnaire. Data was analyzed multi-way and way analysis of variance.The results showed that there was significant difference between groups in emotional skills, emotional intelligence and couple happiness. So emotional skills training can play a main role in improving stable relationship and family health.

The present research was intended to study the effectiveness of religious-based cognitive-behavioral treatment on the couples’ resiliency and dysfunctional attitude. In an experimental design with pre and post-test and control group. 30 married women who had a low dysfunctional attitude and high resiliency were selected, through available sampling they matched on the basis of age, social-economic status, not having physical diseases, having a standard deviation upper than the average in the DAS Dysfunctional Attitude Questionnaire, having a standard deviation lower than the average in the Kaner and Davidson’s resiliency Questionnaire. Other intended variables of the study were homogeneous. Then the participants were randomly divided into experience and control groups. For the experience group, there were ten 45 minute sessions of religious-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, while there was no intervention in the control group. Findings showed that there were significant differences between the experience and control groups after performing the religious-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.The range of experience group’s Dysfunctional attitude significantly decreased in comparison to control group but the level of resiliency increased.

This research aimed at analyzing the mediative role of early maladaptive schemata between perception of parental rearing style and personality traits of cluster B. For this purpose, a group of 177 undergraduates from various universities in Yazd, were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling and we studied these students using Schema Questionnaire Short Form (SQ-SF), Young parenting inventory and Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was also used to scrutinize the relationship between the variables, and a mediative analytical approach was employed to examine the mediative role of early maladaptive schemata. The findings depicted that disconnection and rejection domain had a mediative role between the perceived rearing style of rejective parents and personality traits of cluster B. On the other hand, impaired autonomy and performance domain had a mediative role between the perceived rearing style of both extremely severe and preventive, disciplinary parents and the personality traits of cluster B and finally both of the so-called disconnection, rejection and impaired autonomy and performance domains had a mediative role between the perceived rearing style of inconsiderate, perplexed parents and the personality traits of cluster B. The outcome of this research testifies to the meditative role of early maladaptive schemata between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality traits of cluster B.

The aim of this study was to investigate the function of resilience, cognitive emotion regulation and quality of friendship among two groups of smoker and none smoker university students. Using cluster random-sampling method, 200 university students were administered to cognitive emotion regulation, quality of friendship and resilience questionnaires. Data were analyzed by t-test, pearson’s correlation coefficient, partial correlation and stepwise regression.Results showed that the mean of resilience and positive and negative emotion regulation strategies have significant difference in two smoker and none smoker groups. Additionally, controlling the influence of resilience, there was a positive significant relation between positive emotion regulation strategies and quality of friendship. Smoker students have less positive emotion regulation strategies and resilience than the none-smoker students.