مجله پژوهش های سیاست اسلامی
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

The Quran "explains everything clearly", therefore, it has not ignored any point about human's life (History), but criteria of political development as the nodal points of Quranic pure life (Hayat al-Tayyibah) have still remained vague (Problem). An issue which has not been investigated carefully as a conceptual model (Background). Considering this issue entails the question of this research about the features of political development in the Quran (Question). The possible answer to this question is based on the Quranic political development in the conceptual network in which divine signs of political development are articulated in the interconnections and interactions about the center of human promotion and perfection (Hypothesis), discovering a network through which human and human community can enter a life called pure life by getting rid of the straits and limitations of worldly life in the light of a divine policy is the aim of this article (Objective). The research method was qualitative in analytical-explanatory form (Methodology). Findings also show that components of political development from the viewpoint of the Quran are below the nodal point of pure life and include rationality, legitimacy, political participation, consultation and communication, supervision on power and affection (Finding).

Cyberspace has created a new arena for human's life, such a way that it is not comparable to its past (History); however, impact and influences of new phenomena like the political Islam which is emerged from the Islamic Revolution in cyberspace with a different logic, raises numerous ambiguities (Problem). About the future of political Islam, various research projects have been conducted with two optimistic and pessimistic inclinations, but about its destiny in the cyberspace, there is no significant work (Background). Now, the question is: what will be the destiny of political Islam in this situation regarding different religion, culture, and identity? (Question) It seems that Iran's political Islam, in spite of the domination of the West in the multilevel and pluralist cyberspace, can turn into a universal phenomenon based on its rational-doctrinal capacities (Hypothesis); therefore, the aim is introducing the capacities of such an Islam in the new communication environment (Objective). Research method used in this article is logical analysis (axiomatic manner), according to that in the form of scientific propositions and rules based on three features of adaptability, independence, and integrity are investigated (Methodology). Islamic Revolution can resist against the cultural domination of the West and gain universal audiences by rebuilding its concept in the pluralist and flowing cyberspace, creating message and redistributing it and critical-reformative dialogues with others (Finding).

Jurisprudence and politics or the jurisprudence of politics is as long as divine religions especially Islam (History), but the relationship between jurisprudence and politics, especially from the viewpoint of contemporary religious scholars, is vague (problem), of course, this issue has been discussed a lot but insufficiently (Background); as a result, we face this question now: What are the readings of contemporary religious scholars (Morteza Ansari, Ayatollah Naeini and Imam Khomeini (RA)) of the issue of jurisprudence of politics (Question). It seems that, on the one hand, they have presented a reading adapted from religion, and on the other hand, according to the situation and to the extent of their understanding, they have presented different relations between jurisprudence and politics (hypothesis). The present research is about the understanding of contemporary religious scholars of the issue of jurisprudence of politics (Objective); in order to reach this goal, interpretive method was used (Methodology). Investigations of this research showed that Morteza Ansari, by considering absolute wilayah for the Infallible Imams (A.S), introduced establishing the principle of absolute wilayah for the duly competent religious scholars; Naeini, by considering genetic (al-Takwini) and legislative (al-Tashri‘i) wilayah for religious scholars, regards legislative wilayah for them. Imam Khomeini (RA) considers absolute wilayah for Infallible Imams and Wali al-Faqih; a wilayah that manifests the responsibility of religious scholars in public affairs and on the other hand, regards the position of judgment and politics as equal and stipulates that the duly competent religious scholar must be just (Finding).

In the past recent centuries, some research projects have been conducted on the influence of the West on the East (History), but such investigations have not often been scientific (Problem); consequently, tracing the roots of the extent and methods of the influences of the West on the East have not been scientifically answered (Background). The present research seeks to answer this fundamental question that how globalization caused the emergence of the discourse of salafi-jihadi political Islam in the Middle East region (Question)? By increasing the crisis of meaning, globalization has led to the strength of the discourse of salafi-jihadi political Islam in the Middle East region (Hypothesis). The present article seeks to discover how the discourse of salafi-jihadi political Islam of Daesh and Jibhat al-Nusrah emerged (Objective). The present research, which is conducted based on the discourse analysis method, shows that how globalization in the Middle East region increases the necessity of searching for false meaning by challenging dominant identities. Salafism is also among the answers which are given to these needs. By making these meaning exclusive to themselves, and by focusing on concepts like shariah, leadership, jihad, returning to predecessor (salaf), and confronting secularism, they seek to create identities which are apparently strong, but instead of creating integrity and protecting the people against the apparently hostile external world, they destroy resistant Islam (Findings).

For a long time, the issue of Imamate and leadership has been discussed in the Shiite Islamic community; therefore, it has gained high importance and it has been called "the pivot of Shiism" (History), but in the political thought of Martyr Beheshti, its nature has not been investigated enough (Problem), an issue which has not been given serious attention by the research community of the country (Background); therefore, this question is raised: What is the nature of leadership of the Islamic community and its requirements like the role of people and the relationship between people and the leader in Martyr Beheshti's point of view? (Question) It seems that Martyr Beheshti seeks the answer to this question in the conceptual framework of the "Theory of Imamate and Leadership" (Hypothesis). In order to achieve Martyr Beheshti's point of view, the present article seeks to explain the relationship between people and the leader of the Islamic community (Objective) through using descriptive-analytical method and collecting appropriate library data (Methodology). The results show that Martyr Beheshti considers Imamate as a continuous line from the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Infallible Imams (A.S) to religious scholars at the time of occultation which is now manifested in the Islamic Republic, and emerged in two categories of being republic as a sign of the sovereignty of the people and being Islamic as showing divine sovereignty, such a way that they are hierarchically related not as parallel ones (Finding).

For a long time, lifestyle, including Islamic lifestyle, has been the most important part of human speech and writing (History); therefore, the effect of lifestyle, especially Islamic lifestyle, in reducing or increasing political participation and competition has not been given considerable attention (Problem). Of course, this issue does not have direct sources or a clear theory which investigate the relationship between the two mentioned variables (Background). As a result, the question of the effect of the Islamic lifestyle on political participation and competition has not been answered yet (Question). Since Islamic lifestyle influences individual, social, and political life, it is highly influential in the type of political participation and competition regarding their goals and tools (Hypothesis). Answering one of the problems of Iran's contemporary society, i.e. explaining the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and political participation and competition, is the aim of the present research (Objective). The research method used in this article is intra-religious and deductive and the results are achieved through searching in the verses of the Quran, narrations and religious teachings related to lifestyle and its role in political participation and competition (Methodology). The fundamental effect of the Islamic lifestyle on political participation and competition like piety and consultation and the like are among the findings of the present article (Finding).