مجله پژوهش های سیاست اسلامی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

The principle of survival in realist approach is regarded as a new phenomenon (History); however, the principles, its necessity and critique from the viewpoint of Islam have not been analyzed (Background)! This approach can encompass two basic sub-branches: first, assessing the Darwinist principles of the principle of survival in realist theory; and second, assessing the difference in the notion of "survival" in the Islamic approach in one hand, and in realist theory on the other (Problem). Therefore, the main question is: How the Darwinist infrastructure of the principle of survival can be analyzed in the framework of Islamic thought (Question)? The viewpoint of Islam to the issue of survival and the goal of establishing a political system is the main reason of the gap in the Islamic and western approaches regarding the principle of survival (Hypothesis). The present article criticizes and evaluates the principle of survival in the international approach of realists by revealing its Darwinist infrastructure (Objective). The present paper, in the framework of the concept of Jacque Derrida's deconstruction, tries to deconstruct the concept of survival as one of the main concepts in the so-called realistic explanation of international relations and provide the ground for rethinking in this principle (Methodology); and discovering the disputing points in the Islamic and western approaches regarding the principle of survival in international relations is another achievement of this article (Finding).

Altruism was forgotten in the West by the emergence of renaissance humanistic values and by the influence of the West, it was spread to the East as well (History) and to the same extent, comparing it to other cultures has not been seriously considered (Background). Individual rights in political thought is meaningful when we have an idea of others. The interaction between individual rights and the needs of others is investigated under the title of altruism or words with the same meaning by thinkers and they have presented arguments in accepting or rejecting it (Problem). Therefore, in the present article, the main question refers to the viewpoints of two thinkers, i.e. John Rawls and Morteza Mutahhari, regarding the role of altruism in politics (Question). It seems that there is severe disagreement between these two thinkers regarding the role of altruism in politics (Hypothesis). Thus, the main purpose of the present article is understanding and analyzing the concept of altruism and expressing its relationship with politics from the viewpoint of Rawls and Mutahhari (Objective). The present research will be a comparative study which is based on library data and the results will be drawn through using content analysis (Methodology). Rawls considers altruism a barrier to political justice; whereas, Mutahhari does not consider it as a barrier to political justice, rather he regards it as the cause of strengthening human values.

Any theory about justice requires explaining a set of rights for humans; because these rights are the things that the theory of justice is supposed to present a method of distribution for (History). Explaining the criteria of political justice from anthropological viewpoint in religious texts is an issue which is not dealt with comprehensively (Background). From this perspective, it is a novel, unexplained and new issue (Problem). The question of the present article is: What is the effect of the idea of bi-dimensionality of human existence from the viewpoint of religion on the theory of justice in the realm of politics (Question)? The present research, while trying to prove the idea of bi-dimensionality of humans, considers two kinds of rights for human beings (Hypothesis). To answer the research question, religious texts are analyzed based on this goal (Objective) and by using descriptive analytical method (Methodology); so that the implications of man which are regarded political in theorizing about justice be explained. As a result, Islamic interpretation of human existence makes any perception of justice inclined to both these rights. What is important here is that the basis of distributing political power in a society will differ based on the level of individual growth and transcendence. This difference in distributing power is contrary to modern contractarianist thoughts which deny the primordial and divine dimension of human existence (Finding).

Passing from the period of unstability to the period of stability of the Islamic republic and its claim of making civilization and inefficieency of the existing political science in explaining and analyzing local phenomena has made rethinking about political science a necessity for all scientist in this field (History); an issue which reminds the necessities for its theoretical studies (Background). Religion as one of the most important components of the iranian society has a significant effect in producing and developing local political science which requires investigation and analysis (Problem). Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the following question: What is the effect of religion as a social component on the production and development of local political science in the islamic Republic of Iran (Question)? Religion as one of the components of the iranian soceity has the most significant effect on the production and development of local political science and its social manifestation as knowledge (Hypothesis). The present article tries to investigate the requirements of religion on production of this science (Objective) based on the theoretical framework of the sociology of knowledge using interpretive approach (Methodology). While refering to the deep effect of the factor of religion (as a social component) on the production of local political science (as knowledge), the paper present some suggestions for maximizing the effect of components that are concentrated on two institutions of religious seminary (Hawzah) and university and their convergence and cooperation (Finding).

From the past, Iranian politicians have conducted negotiations with other countries based on national interests (History); however, its Islamic regulations, even in the Islamic Republic of Iran, have not been compiled and collected systematically (Background). Therefore, sometimes lack of application of the principle of dignity or ambiguity in the concept and nature of the principle of tolerance has brought about challenges and contradictions in the countries diplomacy (Problem). Thus, we face the following question: What kind of tolerance in the field of foreign policy is acceptable and in line with heroic flexibility from the viewpoint of Islam (Question)? A kind of tolerance or flexibility is acceptable from the viewpoint of Islam that is accompanied with dignity and authority and prevents any kinds of infiltration and domination of the enemy (Hypothesis). Since the logic of the Islamic Revolution in interaction with the world is “neither harming others, nor suffering harm” (Al-Baqarah: 279), the aim of the present research is explaining the principle of dignity and also analyzing tolerance (flexibility) from the viewpoint of Islam (Objective). Therefore, descriptive-analytical research method is used in the present article (Methodology). Findings show that applying the principle of dignity simultaneously with the principle of tolerance (heroic flexibility) can provide the authority, dignity, national and religious interests in different fields by avoiding the toleration of oppression of the domination system and arrogant powers (Finding).

Infiltration is not a new phenomenon and its investigation does not have a long history (History)! After the Islamic Revolution, despite encountering it, infiltration is not comprehensively studies and has not been given a holistic attention and only its security dimensions have been dealt with (Background). Warnings of the Supreme Leader regarding infiltration made the researcher to pay attention to reasons of these warnings, their audiences and how they affect other issues (Problem). Therefore, the main question of the present research is: How the geometry of political infiltration can be drawn in the words of the Supreme Leader (Question)? According to the definitions presented for national security, it is necessary to consider the phenomenon of infiltration by looking at the specific issue (Hypothesis). The authors mostly sought to collect the reference of the words of the Leader in the past because of the novelty of the issue of infiltration (Objective) and inter-disciplinary and technical analyses based on the present categorizations presented from the words of the Supreme Leader are left for other researchers (Methodology). By studying the words of the Leader in the present research, it is understood that infiltration is a comprehensive phenomenon with regard to its method and audience, and along with weak points, it destroys positive points and the way of recognizing infiltration and infiltrated people and groups is resorting to assessing the enforcement or weakening the revolutionary elements and this will strengthen national security (Finding).