International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 4, 2014

The Study of personality structures and the components related to personal differences is of great importance. The present study is devoted to investigate the relationship between approach/avoidance systems and attachment styles. This is a correlational study. The sample population included 315 female postgraduates and PhD students in Tarbiat Modares University، who were selected by way of random stratification. The sample group was evaluated using Carver and White’s Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Scales (BIS/BAS)، Collins and Read’s accompanied by Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). The results of the present study indicated that there was a relationship between the approach system and secure attachment styles، as well as the avoidance system and insecure attachment styles. Furthermore، the study showed that BAS''s subscales could explain secure attachment styles variance around 20 percent and the BIS could predict the variance associated with insecure attachment styles up to 11. 5 percent. The research findings suggest that the activity level of approach/avoidance systems can predict the individual’s attachment styles.

Early maladaptive schemas and difficulties in emotion regulation are separately considered as key components in characterization of disorders in several psychopathological models. The aim of this study is to survey the role of early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive factor and difficulties in emotion regulation as an emotional factor in students’ anxiety. Sample included 108 female and 92 male students of Persian Gulf University who were given the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale، Short Form of Schema Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory. The results of stepwise multiple regression on difficulties in emotion regulation showed that limited emotion regulation strategies was the most important variable and impulse control difficulties proved to be the second variable. The results on early maladaptive schemas also extracted two schemas of vulnerability to illness and abandonment in terms of importance. In sum، findings on total variables suggested three variables of vulnerability to illness maladaptive schema، abandonment maladaptive schema، and impulse control difficulties in respect of importance. According to the results of this research، cognitive and emotional factors have simultaneous roles in prediction of students’ anxiety. The results have been explained on the basis of cognitive/emotional theory of anxiety.

Psychological well-being has always attracted psychologists'' attention، especially in occupational and scientific environments. Nursing is an important and stressful job that has serious physical and psychological consequences. Due to the sensitivity of the matter، Present research tries to make a prediction about nurses'' psychological well-being based on personality traits (NEO) and resiliency. The present research was in descriptive and correlation style. The statistical universe consisted of all nurses of private sector of Hamedan from them، 160 people were selected as sample population through cluster sampling. To collect the data، big five personality factors of Costa and McCrae (NEO)، Connor and Davidson''s resiliency inventory (CD-RISC)، Ryff''s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) were used and then the data was analyzed using SPSS 18 according to Pearson''s correlation coefficient، multivariate regression. Analysis of research data showed that personality traits are able to predict psychological components of well-being to a significant degree (R2 = 37) and high resiliency also predicts higher psychological well-being (β = 41). Considering that personality traits and high resiliency are able to predict psychological well-being، we should try to develop high resiliency as well as positive personality traits in individuals، or identify susceptible individuals to improve their psychological well-being by means of educational approaches.

The purpose of this research was to determine the role of subjective occupational success in predicting occupational well-being. The sample consisted of 335 employees of an industrial company in Isfahan who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were subjective occupational success scale (Grebner، Elfering & Semmer، 2008) and occupational well-being questionnaire (Hinkin، 1998). Regression analysis was used to analyze data as well. Results indicated that subjective occupational success and its dimension had significant connections with occupational well-being. Moreover، the results of multiple regression analysis showd that career success and positive feedback were significant predictors of occupational well-being. According to success resource model of job stress، subjective occupational success which has influences on health together with well-being and individual/organizational job outcomes can both predict an employee’s occupational well-being.

The aim of this study was to examine the mediation effect of cognitive distortions in the relationship between body image and social anxiety among adolescents. In a correlational study 376 high school students from Kerman، with mean age 17 years and 3 months (SD = 2. 7) were selected via random sampling method and then they filled out the social anxiety scale for adolescents، physique anxiety scale and social anxiety thought questionnaire. Data were analyzed through Baron and Kenny steps for path analysis. The results revealed that negative body image is a positive predictor of social anxiety. Besides، cognitive distortions can positively predict social anxiety. Although cognitive distortions do not function as mediators in the relationship between body image and social anxiety، it can mediate the relationship between body image and fear of negative evaluations as a component of social anxiety. Findings suggest that cognitive distortions and Negative attitudes toward appearance characteristics are important for understanding of adolescents’ social anxiety. Thus، identification of these cognitive distortions may offer a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder in adolescents. Additionally، through considering components of social anxiety rather than the entire scale، the mediating role of cognitive distortions would remarkablely change.

Recent studies show that six dysfunctional belifs have important role in tendesy to obsessive-compulsive disorder. As a result، the aim of present study is to investigate the role of obsessive beliefs (dysfunctional beliefs) in predicting washing obsessive compulsions. 390 undergraduate university students from Tabriz university were selected by cluster sampling. Next، Maudsley obsessive-compulsive questionnaire and obsessive beliefs questionnaire (OBQ-44) were used to collect data. Then، Pearson correlation and step by step multiple regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed that dysfunctional beliefs on need for certainty، Importance of thoughts and threat estimation، thought control and perfectionism could significantly predict washing obsessive-compulsive tendency (p<0. 01). Among these factors، the need for certainty had more important role in prediction model 33%، dysfunctional belief of perfectionism predicted 5%، either of importance of the thoughts and threat estimation 2%، and thoughts control could say 1% of washing obsessive-compulsive tendency. Conclution: Obsessive beliefs can predict OCD. Then in treatment of illness it is needed to modify them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of work motivation as a mediator on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job performance based on COR model. The participants of this study included 317 employees of National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC) in Ahvaz، Iran، who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in the study consisted of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)، Motivational Orientation Inventory (MOI)، and Job Performance Scale (JPS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS-18 and SPSS-19 software packages were used to test fitness of the model. In addition، bootstrap procedure was applied for the test of mediation effects. Findings indicated that the proposed model fitted the data properly. The results also supported the direct relationship of emotional exhaustion and indirect relationship of this variable with different kinds of job performance (task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors) by the mediation of work motivation. According to COR model، employees focus on OCB-I to develop support from coworkers and friends in order to cope with burnout.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving skill training on reducing behavioral problems among students referred to the Yazd Education Counseling Center. The method of research was experimental with pre-test، post-test and follow-up tests along with placebo and control group. The subjects of this study were the students who had referred to Imam Hossein Clinic in Yazd at the academic year 2011- 2012. The sample of this study were 85 students selected by available sampling method and substituted randomly to three groups (29 students in experimental group، 28 students in control group and، 28 students in placebo group). In order to survey the subjects، Children Symptom Inventory (CSI) was used. The results of variance analyses with repeated measures showed that problem solving skill training could reduce behavioral problems among students. According to study''s results، problem solving skill training could help the students with behavioral disorders to develop their social skills، and also، it increased their abilities to be effective and to plan. Besides، it helped them to overcome the problem. Therefore، problem solving skill increases appropriate behavior in students. problem solving skill training has an effective role in reducing student''s behavioral disorders.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Spiritual experiences، Resiliency and psychological well-being and possibility of explanation of psychological well-being in native and non-native students based on Spiritual experiences and Resiliency. The sample consisted of 332 native and non-native students of Zanjan University (191 females and 141 males) who were randomly selected. Next، they completed the Spiritual experiences (DSES)، Conner–Davidson Resiliency (CO-RISC) and Psychological Well-being (RSPWB) questionnaires. Data analysis via stepwise regression indicated that Resiliency in first step and Resiliency with Spiritual experiences in the next step with R Square of 14. 2% and 19% could predict psychological well-being of freshmen. The findings also indicated that resiliency explained 23% of variance of psychological well-being in native students while in non-native students، Spiritual experiences explained 10. 8% of variance of their psychological well-being. Given that Spiritual experiences and Resiliency variables were significant predictors of psychological well-being in students، creating and fortifying such capacities can promot mental health of students.

The aim of the present research was investigation of effectiveness of group problem-solving skill training on increase of ambiguity tolerance in secondary school female teenagers in Karaj. The design of study is pre-test - post-test accompanied by follow-up and control group. Statistic universe included secondary school female students in Karaj among whom 30 students were selected by cluster random multi-stage sampling method. Then، they were put into two groups by random: experiment group (15 students) and control group (15 students). The research tool was “Ahmadpour-Mobarake” ambiguity tolerance questionnaire (2009). At the pre-test stage، all of the students completed the questionnaire. Then the experiment group participated in ten sessions of one hour problem-solving skill training، whereas، the control group didn’t get any training at all. At the post-test stage، both of the groups answered the ambiguity tolerance scale again and the incoming data were analyzed using one-way co-variance analysis and variance analysis with repetitious measuring. The results showed that the group problem-solving skill training increased the ambiguity tolerance in experiment group in comparison to the control group، and this effect continued later two-month when the follow-up was taken. Ambiguity tolerance is one of the most important personal infrastructures. Problem-solving skill training enables an individual to cope with problems in ambiguous and unforeseen situations.

Trichotillomania is partly a secret and unknown disorder. Recovering from TTM is not simple. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral intervention on severity of the symptoms of hair pulling disorder. Patients were selected on the basis of DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for hair pulling disorder and the instruments (MGH-HPS) were administered on them. According to single case method they received 12 sessions of 45-60 minutes per week of metacognitive -cognitive-behavioral individual intervention. A Chart was also drawn using the data of this study at the second stage. The results of chart drawing showed that metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral intervention significantly reduced the symptoms of the hair pulling disorder. The results of this study supported a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for hair pulling disorder. The model presented in this study illustrates a multidimensional approach focusing on the metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral dimensions. The intervention presented in this study is a new explanatory model. The model may promotes future research into hair pulling disorder and facilitate clinical treatment and case formulation.

Introducation: The aim of present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) among Iranian university students. The study used descriptive instrument-producing manner of data-collection and 1005 students from different schools of Tehran University were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Next، They completed DOCS and one of the following instruments: Depression، Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)، Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K- 10)، Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL- 25)، Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)، Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)، Obsessive- Compulsive Inventory- revised (OCI- R)، Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)، Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI)، and Iranian Mental Health Scale IMHS). Explanatory factor analysis indicated that Iranian versian of the scale was the same as original one as to four factor structure. Moreover، item analysis، measurement of the coefficient of internal consistency، and test-retest reliability demonstrated that the items and factors were satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analysis، also corroborated the model with four factors، albeit with a little change in it. All things considered، reliability and validity of DOCS were approved in order to measure OCD symptoms among Iranian youth and it can be employed as an instrument in related researches.