International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 4, 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of work-family conflict (WFC) with overall health، workplace cognitive failure and marital satisfaction، considering the moderating role of sleep quality and work-family conflict self-efficacy. Participants include 234 employees of the Aghajari Oil and Gas Production Company (AOGPC) who were selected by a stratified random sampling method. These participants completed the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire، Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index، Work-Family Conflict Self-Efficacy Questionnaire، Short form of Health Survey Questionnaire، Workplace Cognitive Failure Questionnaire، and the Marital Satisfaction Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings indicated that WFC was negatively related to the overall health and marital satisfaction and was positively related to workplace cognitive failure. Results also revealed that sleep quality and work-family conflict self-efficacy moderated the relationship of work-family conflict with overall health، workplace cognitive failure and marital satisfaction. WFC has been an important area of research in organizational behavior. However، there has been an absence of investigations examining the moderating role of sleep quality and work-family conflict self-efficacy. This study showed that sleep quality and work-family conflict self-efficacy provide employees with the resources needed for lower WFC. Therefore، from a practical point of view، the organizations need to find the necessity of designing effective intervention strategies targeted at improving sleep quality and work-family conflict self-efficacy with the aim of reducing WFC.

Hoplessness in teenagers is one of their most important problems, which can cause dysfunction and psychological distress. This study aims to predict hopelessness in teenagers based on their social skills and coping strategies undertaken to examine the role of intervention. This research is a descriptive study. The population of this study consisted of all the students aged from 12 to 19 in tehran. 625 students, which included 300 boys and 325 girls were selected by cluster sampling. The survey questionnaire instruments were; Adolescents hoplessness (Kazdin, Radgerz & Colbuse, 1983), Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (Inderbizen & Foster, 1992) and coping strategies in adolescents (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993). The data obtained from the structural equation modeling (SEM) were analysed by using the LISERAL software. Results show that social skills directly & indirectly lead to hopelessness through the mediation variable of coping strategies. Between endogenous latent variables and the indicator of social skills, the path coefficients were respectively 0/54 & 0/23, between endogenous latent variables and the indicators of coping strategies the path coefficients were respectively 0/55, 0/21 & 0/94 and between the latent variable of indigenous hoplessness and the indicator the path coefficients wererespectively 0/49 & 0/79. It can be said that and all the causal paths were significant. Considering the importance and necessity of teenager hopelessness and its effects on teenagers’ life, recognizing social skills and also getting to know the ways of which teenagers cope with these type of problems are effective in decreasing the symptoms of hoplessness and can finally lead to a deeper recognition of hoplessness in teenagers in order to prevent and present suitable therapeutic methods.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of culture on the clinical decision-making style of three groups of Iranian psychotherapists (Iranian psychotherapists graduated from Iranian universities [GIU], Iranian psychotherapists graduated from western universities [GWU] and counselor clergymen) in three dimensions of decision-making: expedience vs. realism, individualism vs. collectivism and long-term vs. short-term orientations. The research design of this study was expost facto and the population of the study included all the Iranian psychotherapists. The sample constituted of 83 participants (30 GIU, 21 GWU and 32 counselor clergymen) who were selected with a convenience sampling method. Each of the participants were presented with three clinical dilemmas. They were given the chance to rank each item on a scale from one (least significant) to 10 (most significant) based on the degree of involvement of the above-mentioned decision-making dimensions in their clinical decisions. The results of MANOVA indicated that there are significant differences between the decision-making style of GIU and counselor clergymen and GWU in expediency, individuality and collectivity. It can be said that the decision making style of the GWU in compared with the opponents in the two others group were more individualistic and less expedient. According to the results of this study, this hypothesis can be accepted that the experience of different socio-cultural environments affect the clinical decision making style of psychotherapists.

The aim of this study was to develop a tool which measures protective and risky factors in students. The current research is a distributive survey. The population of the study was comprised of the students from most the universities of the country from 2010 until 2013. In order to standardize the study’s tool 13 tools were used, some of which were examined in this study such as: Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS); Life Orientation Test (LOT); General Self Efficacy (GSE); oblique to religious behavior; Beck Hopelessness Scale; Ahwaz Perfectionism Scale (APS) and Perceived Social Support Scale. Two methods of the Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were also used in this study. This tool has 42 items and 6 subscales included family atmosphere, perfectionism, religious orientation, self-efficacy, perceived social support, suicide tendencies. Validity and internal homogeneity coefficient for subscales was between 0/59 (perfectionism) and 0/86 (suicide tendencies). Validity coefficients of tool’s subscales which produced were accordance with the theoretical. The Risk and protective factors scale is a suitable tool in order to screening problem related to effective factors in student's mental health.

Social behavior is one of the most important structures that has an impact on the personality development of children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the social behavior of children in school. 607 students were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method to measure the childrens’ social behavior.These selected students responded to Harter's Educational Motivation questionnaire. For the data analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlations were used. The factor analysis revealed five factors to assess the scale. The criterion validity results showed that social behavior and academic motivation, academic achievement, school absences and discipline scores are not statistically significant. The socialbehavior rating scale using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale, 0.90, the victim subscale, 0.72, actual social behavior, 0.69, social behavior, 0.68, antisocial behavior expose 0.75 and antisocial behavior relation. 0.76, respectively, all of which are satisfactory. Our findings indicate that the Persianversion of the elementary school student's social behavior questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological research.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the nurses’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with a developmental approach and a comparison of OCB between young and middle-aged nurses. The moderating effect of generativity was also considered in this study. The participants of this study included 141 nurses of five hospitals in Tehran which were selected randomly. Organizational Citizenship Behavior inventory and Loyola Generativity Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software, with an independent sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis. Data analysis indicated significant differences in OCB, between young and middle-aged groups. Also, the relationship between OCB and generativity was confirmed. Furthermore results showed that the interaction of age and generativity is a better prediction for OCB. Erikson’s developmental theory prediction about the role of middle-age stage’s conflict in caring for the next generation and commitment to the community is applicable in workplaces. In other words, it’s true that middle-aging leads to extra-role behaviors, but only if conflicts are solved and generativity is formed in that middle-aged person.

The aim of this study was to consider the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, neuroticism and extravertion with obsession- compulsion symptoms in non- clinical people. The present study was a descriptive- causal study. 400 students from Tabriz University were selected by multistage clustering. The Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Neo-FFI personality inventory, and the Maudzly questionnaire were completed by students. Path- analysis were used for analyzing the data. Results showed that positive reappraisal, refocusing on planning, and extraversion perspective-taking changed the obsession-compulsion symptoms in mediation negatively. Also, self-blame and extraversion rumination changed the obsession-compulsion symptoms in mediation positively.In addition self -blame, rumination, catastrophizing through neuroticism changed obsession- compulsion symptoms in mediation of neuroticism positively. Acceptance strategies, positive reappraisal, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and extraversion perspective-taking changed obsession- compulsion symptoms in mediation of neuroticism negatively. These findings indicated that cognitive emotion regulation strategies with a mediator of extraversion and neuroticism can be predicted as obsession- compulsion symptoms. These findings have empirical implication in clinical interventions.

From early pregnancy until the postpartum period, simultaneously many changes occur in the biological, social and psychological levels. While adapting to these changes, women and even men can be at risk for psychological problems. This research was a quasi-experimental study in order to assess the effects of mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting education programs on pregnancy anxiety and marital satisfaction in pregnant women. In this study, the target population (statistics), were all the pregnant women in the end of their second trimester or early third trimester of pregnancy who were anxious during pregnancy according to the pregnancy anxiety questionnaire. After the available sampling, participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was a group which received nine sessions of mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting education programs. The control group received no psychological training and was in the routine prenatal care process of the Gynecological center. Before starting the program, both groups filled out the pregnancy anxiety questionnaire and after having the participated criteria for this research, located in the respective groups, and completed questionnaires related to the research variables. After the end of the classes, questionnaires were completed by all the participants, both the experimental and control group. The results obtained by covariance analysis, were analyzed. Mindfulness based childbirth and parenting programs could make a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in pregnancy anxiety and marital satisfaction. It seems that, this program can create good relations between couples; involving managing difficult emotions and creating greater flexibility in dealing with stressful situations. According to the preliminary efficacy of this program in this study, and psychological, biological, and social challenges related to pregnancy and childbirth, and relatively little attention to preventive programs on stress and cognitive/behavioral problems during pregnancy and its long-term effects on the fetus and baby, the Ministry of Health can use this program to prevent problems for mothers and their baby during pregnancy and postpartum.

The aim of this research was to design and test a model of precedents and outcomes of psychologicalempowerment in employees of the Marun oil and gas producing company. The method was a correlation through a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) design. For this purpose 250employees were selected from this company through simple random sampling. The instruments used in the present study included the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), Ethical Leadership scale (ELS), Leader _ Member Exchange Scale (LMXS), Self _ Esteem Scale (SES), Locus Of Control Scale (LOCS), Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS), Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (OCBS). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that the proposed model fits the data properly. The results also supported the direct effect of ethical leadership, leader _ member exchange, self – esteem and locus of control on psychological empowerment, direct effect of psychological empowerment on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, and indirect effect of psychological empowerment on organizational citizenship behavior through organizational commitment and job satisfaction. It can be concludedthat by holding training courses of psychological empowerment, adopting to an ethical leadershipapproach, improvingthe relationship between supervisors and employees, holding training workshops to increase the self-esteem of employees, describingthe benefits of adopting to the internal focus of control for employees, and whether employees know themselves responsible for their actionsand influence on their cognitive processes, organizations can increase the feelings associated with employees empowerment.All the above mentioned can lead to achieving positive results such as higher organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizen behavior in employees.

Considering the stressful nature of the phenomenon of divorce, its unpleasant consequences particularly for women, and furthermore the increasing emphasis on the role of religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with stressful life events, the present study aimed to explore the personal experience by which divorced women cope with divorce via religious / spiritual beliefs. A qualitative study using content analysis approach, was conducted. Deep-interviews were held with 18 divorced women. In this study a purposeful data sampling method was applied. For the analysis of the data, the Graneheim's model of content analysis was applied containing verbatim transcription, reading interviews several times to obtain a sense of the whole, division of the text into meaning units and coding them, categorization of the codes into sub- categories and categories, and finally formulation of the latent content into a theme. Four categories were obtained from data that included: "Turning to God", "Believe in divine support", "Doing religious practice", and "Spiritual surrender". Among these categories, the theme "Spiritual encounter" emerged as an effective strategy. In agreement with the perceived efficacy of spiritual encountering in these women, it is suggested that specialists should pay more attention to divorced women’s religious and spiritual beliefs, integrate them in their supportive programs and help divorced individuals towards a better adjustment.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of stress inoculation training and drug therapy on blood pressure and quality of life in woman with hypertension. The statistical population consisted of all the woman who suffered from hypertension in the health and medical centers of Khalkhal. The sample (N=40) was selected by available sampling.The data collecting tools included the short form of the quality of life questionnaire)WHO QOL BREF(and a barometer. This study had an experimental design and data were analyzed by multiple analysis of covariance. Stress inoculation training decreases systolic blood pressure and increases the level of quality of life for women suffering from hypertension. Although it can be said that this training does not decrease diastolic blood pressure. Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) is effective on the improvement of quality of life and decreases blood pressure in the patients with Hypertension.