International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 2, 2008

adjustment and its related concepts is one of the most important subjects in psychology. The influence of the concept of adjustment in psychology is to the extent that it is difficult to separate it from others such as personality. So the present study was searched to study the kind of relations between the psychological traits and the levels of adjustment in adolescents. the levels of adjustment were predicted by psychological traits based on the correlation and regression model. Our sample consisted of 456 available students from the entire male last degree high school student of number 3 in area of Tehran. We utilized logistic regression for prediction and factor analysis and stepwise omission methods for factor reduction and obtain an optimum combination of psychological trait s with the least number of traits and the best power of prediction. between the various combinations of the psychological trait s there was a combination containing five traits with the same prediction power as the main eighteen traits included: Femininity, Communality, Flexibility, Dominance and Socialization. adjustment -as mentioned on Allport’s rater than other definitions- can considered as a part of personality, or the result of a special relation between some of those factors. Based on the nature of the five combined factors, we have to consider some related behaviors especially the sexual and interpersonal developmental stages to improve the adjustment levels of adolescents.

Each of the chronic condition of the disease process and multiple physical problems like respiratory, integumentary, vision, sleep disorder, couple relationship and other psychosocial issues among chemical injured patients can be a source of stressor in this group of sick persons. This study has accomplished with the goal of determining the adaptation sources among chemical injured patients. In a study with qualitative approach, applying deep and semi-structure individual and focused group directed interviews, using purposeful sampling with 20 male and female chemical patients(military and non military), data were gathered then analyzed with content analysis method. Adaptation sources were categorized in 4 main categories including religious factors, patriotism, social support and attitude toward the disease. The most important adaptation sources were religious factors like Devine will, disease as a cleaner of sins, and praying; then patriotism like defense and self sacrifice for native land; and family support especially of spouse and accepting of the disease was sub -categories of these categories which were located respectively. Noticing to multiple biopsychosocial problems among chemical patients, strengthening of adaptation sources and recognition of stressors can be effective for adaptation and promoting the quality of life in this group of the patients.

Abstract Conceptually, at the individual level a value system is a discrete belief about something or someone. The value of Spiritual is important for any community and distortion this issue can changed the cultural and national identity. Therefore all of the society try to care, maintain and reinforce Value system. Family is important factor to grow up values system and spiritual values can produce by family. so family can effect on value system and spiritual motivation in child and adolescent. This study is descriptive study and it aimed were investigating the family values system on values in adolescent in Tehran. The instrument for measuring values system were human made values questionnaire. The sample size consist of 1000 adolescent from Tehran high schools were recruited to the study randomly, and data analysed by t test and anova. Data analized showed the average of age were m= 16.01 and sd-0.973. results showed relationship between adolescent values system and family, religious, media, and national value were significant all of. adolescent that had grater score in personal values in other values their score were higher. In a culture where everyone holds the same moral, political, religious, and social values. The result of this study suggest that the values system, interest and goales to satify basic human needs are consistent with the theories used in different studies.

Introdaction: The aims of this research were to examine the role of gender differences on personality traits, to explore the indirect effect of gender on academic performance by personality traits and to study the direct effect of personality traits on academic performance. A sample of 419 students (166 male and 253 female) completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI). In order to examine the role of gender differences on personality traits and in order to study the indirect effect of gender on academic performance by personality traits and the direct effect of personality traits on academic performance from Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and path analysis was used, respectively. The MANOVA yielded a significant main effect of gender on personality traits. Using the path analysis, results showed that the indirect and total effects of exogenous variable (gender) on academic performance only by conscientiousness and neuroticism factors were significant. The direct effect of personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, neuroticism, and agreeableness) on academic performance was significant. The findings of this research emphasize the mediating role of conscientiousness and neuroticism factors in the relationship between gender and academic performance. Also, these findings show that personality traits have independent and incremental effects on academic outcomes, even after controlling for traditional predictors of those outcomes such as IQ. Implications of these findings emphasizing the correlates of personality traits for improving academic performance are discussed.

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between severity of depression and the degree of pain feeling in migraine patient. The study was performed among migraine patients referring to Razi hospital in 2006. This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred fifty patients were selected with convenience method. Our investigation tools were بك Depression Inventory (BDI) and visual Analog scale (VAS). The most important findings were: Incidence of depression among migraine patients was 92% including 16. 7% mild depression, 36. 7% moderate depression and 38. 7% severe depression. There is a direct and significant relationship between the severity of depression and the degree of pain sense. The degree of pain feeling among 15% of patients with high scores of depression was higher than lower 15%. There is a linear correlation between depression and degree of pain sense and the direct relationship between sex, marital statue and occupation.

This study was conducted to determine the correlation of attending to prayers and religious orientation with mental health among university employees and non-employees. The study population consisted of 150 university employees and 150 non-employees, who were individually selected. All 300 participants filled out Alport’s religious orientation scale and Goldberg general health questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi square and t test. The results showed that university employees and non-employees were significantly different with regards to attending to prayers (P<0/01). Furthermore, the religious orientation of the employees was more internal and that of the non-employees was more external. Also, somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and in general, the mental health of the employees was better than those in non-employees. With respect to the role of prayers and religious orientation in mental health, it seems cultural authorities of the society especially the ones in the university should pay special attention to and plan special programs to reinforce prayers.

Literature indicates the enhancement of attention and remembering positive emotion al materials in older age. Also researchers believe that increase emotional memory is not related to age, socio- economic status and sex. So the aim of this study is the investigation of differences between verbal and facial emotional memory in younger and older females. Samples of this study was younger and older females (41 young & 40 old) in 50-70 and 18-27 years-old. Materials recruited for assessment of emotional memory was 22 emotional faces (positive, negative and neutral) and 68 words with different emotional valence. Data showed that recall of negative words (P< 0.000) and positive faces (P< 0.000) among younger group was significantly more than older ones. It seems that enhancement of emotional memory is not apart from sex and cultural effect. And also it seems that some factors such as depression and anxiety which is related to emotion & memory must be evaluated more accurately.

In this research, comparison of social adjustment in mothers of educable mentally retarded daughter mothers of normal daughter has been investigated. The purpose of this study was whether or not having mentally retarded child has a negative effect on social adjustment of mothers. This research is a study case-control in an analytic way. 80 mothers (composed of 40 mothers having mentally retarded children and 40 mothers having normal children who educated in middle schools) were selected randomly. In the percent study the weissman & paykel social adjustment scale (1974) was used. This is a semi-structured interview which investigates social adjustment in seven main areas: used work, social and leisure activities, extended family relations, marital relations, parental role, family unit and economic position. Resoult: The result showed that there is a significant difference between social adjustment in mothers of mentally retarded daughter and mothers of normal daughter (p<0/001). One way ANOVA and correlation showed that there was not significant difference between the demographic variables: child age, mother age, the length of marriage, the education level of mother, number of children, the position of the child in the family and social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded daughter. From the results, we can come up with the point, that the social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded daughter is less than that of mothers of norma daughter l.

Time management is one of principles of management effectiveness. It needs some skills. This skills divided in two category included personal skills and organizational behavior skills.The purposes of this study, as a descriptive study, were to assess the overall relationship between personal and organizational behavior skills of time management and extend of both according to professional experiences and some demographic variables among educational manager of the selected distance university of Iran.

The sample was included 100 people who was selected randomly among educational administrators of Payam Noor university. Based on review literature a two fold questionnaire was made, which its’ first part was consisted to personal and second part to the organizational behavior skills of time management inquiry.

According to data analyzing tests, we although found that there is significance positive relationship between personal and organizational behavior skills of time management among managers (r =. 43, p<.001), but independent t-test shows there was no significance difference between mean of scores of time management among male and female managers and specialist and non specialist managers.

Because of time management skills importance in organizational leadership and productivity of universities, In order to more productivity, it should be considered more by managers. Personal skills of time management may be useful in development of organizational behavior skills of time management. Organizational Behavior skills of time management may be estimated by personal skills of that.