فصلنامه مدیریت نظامی
پیاپی 52 (زمستان 1392)

Experiences gained from the recent wars and their impacts on the political, military and economic independence of states and structure and organization of future wars in terms of technology necessitate making tactical measures and exercise appropriate policies, strategies and approaches. In order to succeed in such wars, among effective measures one may refer to planning for human force, particularly for the ground forces engaged in the battlefield. In line with this necessity, this study was an attempt to cast a light on those factors enhancing the performance of future infantry men and to explore their moral and physical characteristics as well as their weapons, equipment and training issues for a full-fledged defense. As an applied research in terms of purpose and run as a field and correlation study, this study was conducted following a related literature review, interview with authorities and encouraging a sample of commanders, experts and staff members from the general staff for the Iranian Armed Forces, General Staff for the Army and that of the Ground Force to fill out a likert scale-based questionnaire. The data were exposed to exploratory factor analysis and Friedman ranking test in a bid to test the respective hypothesis. The findings revealed that, in addition to the moral and physical characteristics, weaponry, equipment and training, and other parameters like equipment, internally empowering factors and basic trainings were identified as the performance enhancing factors, respectively.

Teaching and assessment, not just in the sense of measuring academic achievement but in the sense of evaluation of its both process and product, are not only complementary but each is one the two sides of one coin, and they are identified two complementary parameters of a curriculum. Training is a process to which major parts of material and intellectual resources of majority of nations are allocated and such an immense expense is identified as a long-term investment. This rationale justifies an accurate, a comprehensive and continuous evaluation of the performance of educational organization. As an attempt in this trend, this study tried to evaluate the academic (non-military trainings) program of Imam Ali (military) University from the professors and student's perspectives. To do so, they were encouraged to fill out a 100- item valid and reliable questionnaire addressing the four primary parameters of the respective program including: planning; objectives, content, and implementation out of nine parameters in terms of the extent of compatibility of the them with those of a conventional academic curriculum. Quantitative analyses of the data in terms of frequency analysis revealed that the curriculum planning requires urgent revision so that it can meet the criteria of a conventional academic program. However, the educational objectives were evaluated positive, though the student's perspectives cannot be evaluated as reliable as those of the professors due to the farmer's lesser degree of awareness. Moreover, coordination between the content and planning as well as the objectives of the program is not much satisfactory, which similarly requires reconsiderations aimed at enhancing the content of the program.

In a knowledge-based era, human resources are regarded as the most fundamental capital for an organization and key factor for its success and promotion. Similarly, organizational commitment is among the most crucial parameters in protecting and developing such a capital. Organizational commitment by itself is influenced by many factors including leadership which is dealt with in this study. To address this issue, three leadership styles including developmental, interactive and non-interventionist styles (emotional, conventional and continuous) were investigated in this study. First, the effect of leading styles of commanders on the staff’s organizational commitment and then the relationship between each style and the commitment level were quantitatively investigated based on a description and correlational analysis. In this regard, from a large sample size covering 800 commanders, managers and experts from certain staff departments of the Iranian Air Force 223 were randomly selected. The analysis revealed a statistically significant and positive relationship between the first two styles of leadership and organizational commitment, while the relationship with the non-interventionist one was negative. So, the military commanders and managers are recommended to enhance organizational commitment in their authorities through developing their leadership styles.

Operational budgeting is among the most challenging issues at government and public levels all over the world, especially in developing countries. Implementation of such budgeting process results in numerous advantages at organizational level. Rationale and purposeful use of resources, better possibility of comparing objectives with the results, offering an appropriate framework for control, measurement and evaluation of staff members’ performance are among the advantages of this type of budgeting. In an attempt to investigate and identify the obstacles looming ahead of an operational budgeting in the Iranian Army (i.e., Ground Force) and its units, and in order to suggest certain approaches accommodating environmental, organizational and humane criteria, this study was conducted through running interview with a number of finance and budgeting experts of the Ground Force. Thereby, certain criteria and then a questionnaire were developed in order to collect required date to test the research hypothesis. Non-parametric statistical approach was used to analyze the data and they were ranked based on Friedman test. The results revealed that the mentioned tripartite criteria affect the process of the operational budgeting, but the humane issues stood at the top of the rank of the factors.

This study investigated the relationship between social and intellectual capitals among the staff members of Imam Ali University. To do so, 94 participants filled out two questionnaires addressing both social and intellectual capitals (including human, communication and structural capitals). The respective statistical analyses revealed significant relationship between the dimensions of both social and intellectual capitals, indicating that the higher the social capital the higher the intellectual one. The same status holds true with regard to all aspects of both types of capitals. Educational level also significantly corrected with the intellectual capital. Regression analysis also supported that the social capital by itself produces %26 of the total variance of the intellectual capital. Friedman test also revealed that the structural dimension of the independent variable and the human features of the intellectual capital enjoyed the highest mean scores.

Design and establishment of internal control system in finance services is one of the most effective mechanisms in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, improving accountability and financial transparency, observing rules and regulators and avoiding financial fraud. In line with this approach, this study investigated the role of internal control in improving auditing process in the military units affiliated to the Iranian Army (i.e., Ground Force). The study also investigated the issues such as protective control, accuracy control, human characteristics, documentation of familiarity with the internal control system, internal control risk all as independent variables and improvement of auditing system as a dependent variable. The participants were selected from among those officials who were engaged in financed affairs (e.g., controller, finance and monetary affairs). To this end, 131 were randomly selected out of a population of 200 officials. Five hypotheses were raised which were tested through data gathered using a questionnaire. To analyze the data, t-tests were run and reliability of the instrument was estimated based Cronbach alpha formula (r=%95). The findings revealed positive relationship among the independent and dependent variables such that the null hypotheses were rejected.