فهرست مطالب

مطالعات مدیریت ترافیک - پیاپی 29 (تابستان 1392)

فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت ترافیک
پیاپی 29 (تابستان 1392)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/05/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • M. Haji Hosseinloo, S.A. Ghaemi Pages 1-14
    Air pollutions one of the main problems in metropolitan cities. Traffic flow is also an important factor in environment contaminants’ density increase. Thus, traffic management can significantly decrease such contaminants’ density. Regarding the complex correlation between traffic flow and contaminants’ emission, use of traffic simulation in order to estimate the rate of emission from traffic flow seems unavoidable. This research aims to analyze the traffic flow in a traffic network and its correlation with urban network air pollution, regarding the alteration of traffic signals’ timing. The network under analysis is a part of the alteration of region 7 in Tehran municipality being simulated by software AIMSUM and the rate of different contaminants’ emission, delay time, stop time and the mean flow of traffic under alteration of traffic signals from fixed to actuated is calculated. Results show that by the traffic signals’ timing made intelligent, travel time, delay time, and the total fuel consumption in the network are reduced by 15, 14, and 5 units respectively. Another result is the 6%, 8%, and 14% reduction in CO2,NOx, and the stop time rate in network, respectively, by the signal timing altered from fixed to actuated.
    Keywords: Traffic Simulation, Air pollution, Traffic Management, Traffic flow, Travel time, Aimsun Software
  • Sh. Hasanpour, P. Barari Pages 15-38
    Today, traffic and traffic congestion in big cities has become a problem for most countries. Due to rapid population growth and increasing welfare indicators and vehicle ownership rates, and, on the other hand, urban traffic space limitations, traffic problems in most over-populated cities exist or are emerging. Public transport systems play an important role in reducing traffic. One of these methods includes urban railway lines which transport a large number of passengers daily. Thus, pathways and their impacts on traffic of every area are of significant importance. Accordingly in this paper, first, indicators affecting the routing of lines and the amount of traffic flow are explained, then, the importance of each parameter has been determined using AHP method. Results indicate that geographic factors with 63.7% stand first, transport factors with 15.3% stand second, social factors with 11.4% stand third, engineering factors with 6% stand fourth and economic factors with 3.6% are in the final stage, which shows that the influence of geographic factors on the amount of traffic in routing urban train rail way sis the greatest.
    Keywords: Factors, Train, Traffic, AHP
  • M. Tajedini, M. Mir Saeeid Ghazi Pages 39-64
    Access networks are one of the most influential factors in structure of cities, which need to be renovated and adapted due to their time and place, as their inhabitants’ needs change by time. If the access networks are well organized as vital city arteries, the whole structure of city will be able to continue its life and will facilitate rapiddevelopment and growth of city. Otherwise the city will be put in wear and deterioration. Undoubtedly, one of the most important problems in the context of rusty urban is the access networks’ inefficiency. Narrow, interwoven, non-geometric pathways which are inconsistent with access needs, in addition to making the traffic and access to the fabric of city difficult, pose a difficulty to provision of civil services and facilities. Regarding the undeniable role of communication networking in designing and organizing the rusty texture, proposing and developing any plan in this project requires application of rules and principles of communication network designing, including the physical and visual permeability, urban streets hierarchy, longitudinal and transverse sections efficiency, etc. This paper aims to propose an adequate framework in order to reform urban road network in worn-out urban textures to accelerate renovation of urban life in them. To gain this purpose, presenting basic concepts and pattern requirements, correlation between communication network reforming and accelerating renovation in worn-out urban textures is discussed. Considering the case will lead to some suggestions to improve pathways network in current texture.
    Keywords: Networking, Rusty Texture, Permeability, Hierarchy of Roads, Modernization
  • M. A. Akbari, M. R. Hasanzadeh, M. Fallah F., F. Zeraat, Peyma Pages 65-80
    Excessive drowsiness increases risk of accident for drivers because in drowsy condition drivers might either fall asleep or become less attentive to the events happening around them on the road and therefore neglect their driving duties. Magnitude of road casualties in Iran and the related astounding expenses has made it necessary to examine main causes of accidents (including drowsiness) in detail. This research has been carried out because drowsiness has played agreat part in road accident casualties especially in passenger transportation section and is based on library studies. Due to fieldwork limitations, results of other researchers have been used. The present research concludes that we don’t have enough information about various methods of avoiding drowsiness when driving. Instant occurrence of such accidents is related to the procedure of human sleep during night and day. Such accidents predominantly occur in two high points, the first high point of occurring accidents is early in the morning and the second high point is in the middle of the afternoon around 3 p.m. when people take a siesta. Occurrence of these accidents also depends on the age of driver. These accidents occur to people aged between 18 to 45 about early morning and midnight and to people who are 45 or above around afternoon (when people take a siesta).
    Keywords: Drowsiness, Methods of Prevention, Driver, Accident, Driving Casualties
  • B. Abbaslu Pages 81-92
    Today, civil responsibility for production failure especially in case of vehicles as dangerous manufactures is brought forth for discussion in different countries as an important branch in civil engineering. Such a responsibility depended on general laws of civil responsibility before consumer protection laws and infraction investigation laws were sanctioned in our country. There was a doubt in loss compensation before the mentioned laws were sanctioned and when the responsibility was taken, fault proof was needed so with the above laws being sanctioned, a great change happened and according to the laws civil responsibility was taken without fault being proved. However, for the responsibility to be taken in the above cases there’s no need for fault proof, but there must be a causality relationship between production, repair, or supply failure and harmful accident occurrence. In order for such a relationship to exist, there are some requirements which are considered in this paper. The mentioned responsibility is investigated for different people such as manufacturer, seller and repairer.
    Keywords: Civil Responsibility, Manufacturer, Supplier, Manufactures, Failure
  • R. Sedigh M., A. Sojodi Pages 93-120
    Communication networks function as vital arteries of cities and are considered the main and most important determinants in the urban development plan. The importance of communication networks in urban design is so important that they cannot be separated, since all activities of the inhabitants including commercial, cultural, administrative, social, etc. widely depend on the urban communication networks. Thus, any designing in city must coincide with analyzing and designing a logical sensible communication network. However, designers sometimes cause a lot of confusion and alienation in the urban fabric, ignoring basic principles of communication networks in their patterns which lead to irrecoverable financial losses and social and traffic problems. Survey results conclude that large movement in the city (crossing city center or ending in it), lack of access and inefficient transportation system, spatial location of land uses, excessive density in city center, incoherent pedestrian traffic and large number of traffic nodes, lead to social and traffic problems in cities. In the past, roads and pathways had social performance in addition to communication performance, so that they were important factors in people’s interaction, communication and exchange of information, and even walking in the market was considered as leisure. Some social, cultural, and religious customs were hold on main pathways, so pathways were a place to most social activities but this has taken another form today and roads and pathways are considered as linking elements only regardless of qualitative factors such as neglecting environmental effects of communication networks which has caused a lot of physical and psychological problems for people living in cities. This paper aims to explain the issue and analyze some social and traffic damages existing in people’s life in old and new context of large cities and their impact on peoples’ daily life.
    Keywords: Access, Network, Communication Network Hierarchy, Traffic Center, Traffic Problems