مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، صیف 2009)

History of Islamic civilization shows that prosodic science like syntactic is the product of this civilization itself. The founder of this knowledge is Kahlil Ibn Ahmad Farahidi who authored a book at the direction of this science and consequently, the knowledge of prosody could be completed by his powerful hands hence; this aspect is indication of his talent and genius.However, due to some of the following factors, some of the researchers and thinkers have questioned the validity of the prosodic science:1.Prosodic science, as a whole, completed by Kahlil Ibn Ahmad Farahidi despite his birth and emergence are subjected to the advanced and transformed tradition.2.A text from Ibn Fars that is to be used as well shows that prosodic science existed before Khalil.3.An another text stresses on the point that Khalil has been a follower of Indians in the disposition of prosodic scienceThese factors and others compel some of modern researchers to believe that the Arabic prosodic science borrowed from Sanskrit prosodic science. Or another group believes that this particular knowledge is borrowed from Greece. The third group believes that prosody existed even before Khalil. The present paper tries to validate the condition of prosodic science with a review of following 1.Studying data showing positive and negative viewpoints and their invalidation.2.Presenting historical and scientific reasons based on the authentic prosodic science3.Describing statement by Kahlil Bin Ahmad with regard to innovation of this knowledge4.Describing the dictum 'al-meter' in a broad text.

Hafiz Ibrahim is one of the famous Egyptian poets. Hafiz's social poems were largely influenced by Sheikh Mohammad Abdu. These effects are often displayed in the fields of politics, education and rights of woman and their defense. In the field of politics too, like Abdu, he believes in reform and theory with tranquility and away from excessiveness. In his poems, he follows up compromise manner with British especially Lord Cromer. However, Sheikh Abdu's death seems to affect this policy. To Hafiz, the greatest agony of a society is corruption and lack of people's knowledge. To him, the foremost thing to promote a society is acquisition of knowledge and purification of soul. He considers education as the right of women. In other words, he believes women reform means the reform of the society, but adds that women should be bound to house-keeping. He also opposes excessive restriction upon women. In the present research, authors try to highlight those items and make a comparison of Hafiz's poems with the Mohammad Abdu's opinion so as to clarify the effects.

There are two viewpoints with regard to gender in the Arabic language: one is generic while the other is divided into two categories: masculine and feminine. Masculine forms are without singes whereas feminine have gender singes. As such, the Arabic language encounters with things with three forms: a neuter singles form, a feminine with singes for female, and a masculine form with no singe. In other words, masculine forms are generic forms which are without singes and should be identified by verbal, semantic or contextual clues; otherwise they would be identified as neuter.There are two other usages of neuter forms in Arabic: one in the case of vague words i.e. their genders are not known before they are used in a sentence, such as the words "thing" and "numbers". The other includes words which have no specific gender such as Satan, Jinn, the Archangel, Azrael, Michael, and Allah which are beyond gender.So, generic forms are used in three ways in Arabic: one is to distinguish male from female; one refers to vague words whose gender are not known before use; and the last one is used to identify words with no specific gender.

This paper attempts to investigate the orientation metaphor up/down in the first half of Quran in cognitive semantic framework. Metaphorical Quranic expressions containing metaphors like up, down, raise, send down, lower, upper, etc are identified to investigate firstly: in Quranic language, which abstract religious concepts has been conceptualized through spatial and concrete orientational concepts? Secondly, what kind of systematic relationship exists between these metaphors? The current analytical study shows that abstract concepts like power, more, and better are located in the upper part of a vertical line in space. And, concepts like weakness, less, and worse are located the lower of the extreme. The experimental bases of these metaphors are culture of holy Qura’n and bodily movement of human being.

Abolghsem Ali B. Abi Ahmad Al-Hossein, also known as Seyyed or Shrif Mortaza was one of the great Shia jurists and was prominent in many disciplines like jurisprudence, principles, speech, literature, vocabulary and poem. Mortaza unlike his brother Razi was not fond of governmental positions and spent his noble life time just for acquiring scientific knowledge and teaching. Unwillingly, after the death of his brother, Mortaza took the responsibility of affairs of Alavite. Mortaza started singing poems since he was a kid. His poems are reflection of his lifetime as he was a rich man and did not have to flatter in his poems. He was a fluent and perfect but could not be as famous as his brother and that’s may be because of enemies and jealousies. Mortaza sang 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses for Imam Hussein (PBUH). Those poems are full of eulogies which he used to sing on the day of Ashura and defended basic thoughts and ideals of Shias. This paper discusses the concepts of his Husseinian eulogies that have been selected from among his works.

Pleasant and fluent music is one of the effective elements and beauties of Emro Al-Qeis’s old ode (Moallaqa). This great poet made his ode excellent and musical by selecting suitable rhyme, letters and words proportional with state, verbal and intellectual devices like pun and taxis which help refrain and unify the music. With those perfection, a reader finds himself in musical space, i.e. he dejects flirt of poet’s beloved and finds himself in nomadic nature and life of ignorance epoch and hears sound of horse’s feet, wild cows, wolf’s howling, spinning machine in desert and enjoy.

The present paper tries to study Beit-ol-hekmeh in Baghdad (136-218 AH) which was the first and the most important library in the Islamic world and played prominent role in the translation movement. Consequently, this center seems to be important with regard to study the influence of Arabic on literary and non-literary fields. Noteworthy, Beit-ol-hekmeh had played important role for the advancement of philosophy and letters during early Islamic era. It has been the witness of emergence of Farabi as the student of Matti Ibn Younus one of the translators. Beit-ol-hekmeh produces managers like Sahl Ibn Haroon, translators like Ibn Mogaffa, Ale Hunain and Ale Nubakht, philosophers like Kendi, mathematicians like Khwarizmi, and grammarians like Farra and philosophical poets like Ibn Rumi. Based on the available documents, this place has had no influence on translating non-Arabic to Arabic poems. However, this center was effective especially through technique of creating talimi poem, for the first time in the Arabic literature and writing books influenced by Kalile wa demneh such as "Alf laylat & laylat ".

One of the beauties of eternal Qur’anic language, apart from the words of sensation, secret and brief paraphrasing, omissions and repeated pronouns, there is enormous metaphors in this great revealed book. By this way, we have no other option other than acquainting with those Qur’anic metaphors and simile because knowing dialects and substances, familiarity with sentence structures or conjugational and syntactic circumstances are not sufficient goal. Since every eloquent orator transfers his purport and motive to the addressee with respect to his status and situation, God, in holy book too, has employed lingual and idealistic beauties through the most delicate means. One of such delicate beauties is the application of metaphorical or allegorical words that if fall to passive from the addressee, would not reach to the desired level hence, the exact definitions of Qur’anic verses could not be found, as well. The present paper attempts to highlight a part of literary delicacies of holy Qur’an, keeping in views different syntactic circumstances.