مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 34، ربیع 2015)

Application of statistical methodologies in the analysis of literary texts,is an important step in understainding of literary texts, and avoiding interpretation of them based on personal taste. One of the methods of statistical methodologies is Buzyman‘s hypothesis that was proposed by a German Scientist of the same name, and was named after him. The hyothesiss offets a methodology which contributes to the better understanding of the hidden aspects of the text by the reader. Using this hypothesis, one can estimate the amount of excitement and emotional stimulation in the works of a writer, and also differentiate between the language of prose and poetry, or literary style and scientific style. The base of this hypothesis lies in the analysis of the words tht are used by the writer and the count of verbs and adjectives in his works. The reader can realize the tendency of the text toward different styles by couting the words and the ration of verbs to the adjectives. The extend of a writer’s emotional excitement in his works can be evaluated based on the lowness or highness of this ration. In the present study, it was found that free verse is more literary than the two other styles because it grants freedom to the poet and does not limit him to rhyme and meter, while classic poetry stands in the middle, and based on the aforementioned ration, prose poetry stands last in comparison with the other two styles.

Due to their elevated themes, grand artistic characteristics and writers’ talent, some Arabic novels have been universally acclaimed and nominated for Noble prize; like dazzling and beautiful novel, Ramah and Altennin by Edwar Al-kharrat which is world famous and has been translated to several languages such as English. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive-analytical in which we have explored Ramah and Altennin (Ethnic and Dragon) by Edwar Al-kharaat based on the universal elements of literature proposed by Hosam Al-khatib. Comparitive literature studies the literature and culture of other countries and is interdisciplinary; it studies the works which have gone beyond the national borders, and have become universal and classic. The result of the present paper is that the aforementioned novel includes universal elements in terms of form, content and contemporary story telling techniques. Also, this novel has forgrounded the most basic issues of humanity such as love, death, life and etc. Furthurmore, the reference of this novel to arhcetypes and Eastern mythology has contributed to its universal fame.

SLL necessitates conditions, needs and prerequisites which will, if not provided for the teacher or the learner, retain them from achieving the ultimate goal of this knowledge, bringing about hatred and unwillingness in SLL. It would not be an exaggeration to say we are observing too much unwillingness to learn Arabic language. Some of the causative factors, emphasized in this article include new learner's dependence on the archaic and complex texts and formal words and expressions bearing no spirit and freshness on the one hand, and having no more appropriate function than communicating formal language with others, on the other. The language learner does not apply the words or expressions appropriate for the conventions popular among the Arab community, hence is not able to establish an emotional atmosphere and amicable relationship with others. In other words, the learner depends on a type of expression, preferably called “controlled language”, with the help of which he can only get his message across in the simplest form possible not being able to exploit the common idioms and expressions as well as the various styles prevalent among the Arabs. We believe reading the contemporary Arabic texts, especially dialogue-based plays and stories is more productive for teaching the non-native learners of Arabic language in both oral and written interpretation. Such texts offer the learner a vast volume of everyday and informal words and expressions fit for standing upon ceremony and establishing appropriate amicable relationships. The mentioned texts will introduce the learner to the Arab social and public culture bearing an excessive disciplinary function as well as reflecting the overall culture of the contemporary Arab world. The present study will investigate the role of story and play and also its common compounds and expressions in teaching the Arabic language to the Iranian university students. One of the most important advantages of the Arabic texts in story and play for the foreign learner is giving his speech fluency and liberating him from telegraphic speech and of a language well call controlled one.

Literature sociology as a branch of social science tries to discover the social nature of literary work. Goldman in his developmental structuralism linked the structure of literary works to social groups in specific time. He claimed that literature reflects the possible awareness of background (Ideal awareness) or unreal part of social awareness of social group. Arabic and Persian contemporary poems also discuss these general human beings‘ issues and the trend toward group and individual values which experience an inseparable modernity. Amal Donghol from Egypt and Esmaeil Shahroudi from Iran are among those poets that who by making ideal city, challenged the contrast between ideal awareness and existing reality in political and social background of Iran and Egypt. One of the common methods of these two poets for development of their reformist goals and alignment of people with their intended ideals is hero-making. The most important issues discussed in this paper along with investigating Goldman‘s theory and the effect of social and political infrastructure of Iran and Egypt include: the sameness of Donghol and Shahroudi in ideal awareness, ideal contrast, uncertainty in idealism.The result showed that considerable part of their idealism refers to patriotic values. The existing contrast that shows the difference in their emotional and thoughtful streamline and their uncertainty in idealism is the result of their disappointment in achieving their ideal awareness.

Time is considered as a major and basic element in all fictional text and stories, in which events develop and different stages of story are identified by it. In novels, in terms of time, most events follow a horizontal direction and happen successively. However, sometimes a kind of disorder occurs which Genette _ french structuralist critic _ calls it "Anachrony". This disorder appears in two forms: analepsis and prolepsis.In Hanna Mina's first novel, "Al-Masabih Al-Zorq",the events, as in classic novels,follow a successive and chronological trajectory. Nevertheless, in almost all parts of the novel, some chronological inconsistencies regarding anachrony in two forms including analepsis and prolepsis are observed.In this novel, Mina has employed these two terms (analepsis and prolepsis) in both internaland external forms.Utilizing this technique one the one hand has led to the expansion of time in narration, and on the other hand, by creating suspension in the narration, has encouraged the reader to eagerly follow the story.This research,Using descriptive method, this research, based on two forms, i.e. analepsis and prolepsis, has been conducted to reviewanachrony, in the novel, "Blue Lamps ", by Hanna Mina.

The following research tries to criticize the two short stories “DesertMan” by DolatAbadi and “Dread” by Mahfooz in a formalistic way. Results show that these two writers reveal the crisis from the beginning and so the reader will not face a boring prologue in the start. In DesertMan numerous characters, long storyline, and different episodes makes a bad outline. But the Dread’s incidents and events are shown in a way of cause and effect. Unlike DesertMan in Dread, the great number of characters has not reduced the quality of the story and each one of them effect the outline of the story with their actions. In the two stories, the high ability of DolatAbadi in comparison to Mahfooz in writing the dialogues is clear. Among the features of DolatAbadi writing is the numerous short sentences. Among the features of Mahfooz writing is accuracy in showing the sensation to the inner layers of the story, and unlike DolatAbadi he doesn’t use swearing. The vast look of the two writers in Realism has made them see the future better and see the social and history clearer. DesertMan has an open end but Dread has a closed but tragic end.

In this paper, common features of two great poets, Emra'¬olgheys “the Father of Arabic poem” and Rudaki “the Father of Farsi poem” have been researched separately through comparison. Although there was remarkable difference between the two Poets in time, environment, there were many common features in their Work. Applying simile including palpable similes, nature description, being pioneer in innovation through composing odes are among the most important common features of them. Both of them are among the pioneers of poetry in their mother tongue. Of their differences, we can point to love. In this respect Emra'-olgheys has broached his love accounts without any respect, whereas beloved has natural identity and real status in Rudaki's odes.

Arabic Middle East is alwayse one of the most problematic regions in the world. The knowledge on the cultural and political backgrounds and elements of the freedom fighting campaigns of the Arab people, from the viewpoint of poets who are intellectual and liberal is quite useful for those interested in the political literature. One of the most courageous revolutionary Iraqi poets, whose thoughtful contribution to the political poetry familiarizes his addresses to such bedrock who has the knowledge of modern political science, and traces the power elements in his poems, is Ahmad Matar. In the present paper, the effort has been made to contempolate on his poems, and using descriptive-analytic methods, explore his views about power logic and different methods of its application in Arabic countries. Going through his political poetry, shows that through the support of his rich research and political experiences, and through his smart and blatant language, he has been able to familiarize his readers with the most important characteristics of the conceited Arab rulers namely: The individualistic irresponsible government, intimidation and suppression, incessant censorship, the extensive presence of the secret agents, intimidation and corruption, multiplication of the prisons, apprehension about the knowledge of the mass, lack of the juridical independence, false propaganda, and dependence on the colonizers. He has succeeded in making his readers aware of the undesirable repercussions of these systems in different fields of their individual and cultural lives.