مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 42، زمستان 1396)

Diabetes mellitus type 2 and pre-diabetes are triggered by a variety of factors such as obesity, lipid disorders and hypertension. The aim of study was to determine diabetic and pre-diabetic risk factors.
Material and In this case-control study, a total of 29 individuals were enrolled in the diabetic group, 140 individuals in pre-diabetic group and 169 age- and sex-matched individuals (normal fasting blood sugar) in the control group. Anthropometric indexes and blood pressure were measured by standard methods. Blood samples were taken from the three groups for measuring triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. Relationships between variables were tested using chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and binary logistic regression models. P With logistic regression, the important risk factors in pre-diabetics were hypertriglyceridemia (OR= 2.90: 1.54-5.46) and high LDL cholesterol (OR= 4.42: 1.35-14.40) compared to subjects with normal blood sugar. In diabetics, the important factors were body mass index (OR= 1.15: 1.03-1.28), hypertriglyceridemia (OR= 3.43: 1.35-8.67) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR= 1.03: 1.01-1.06) compared to subjects with normal blood sugar. On the other hand, diastolic blood pressure (OR= 1.04: 1.01-1.08) was the important factor in diabetic patients compared to pre-diabetes.
According to the results of this study, attention to high body mass index, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL and blood pressure can be effective on prevention and reduction of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.

HIV is increasingly spreading such that its prevalence has reached 5% in high-risk groups. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude level of marriage candidates attending pre-marriage counseling classes about AIDS in Jahrom, Iran.
Material and This cross-sectional study recruited marriage candidates (n=367), attending pre-marriage counseling classes about AIDS in Jahrom in 2017. Data were collected by a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 using descriptive and Chi-square tests.
Overall, 49% (180) and 51% (187) of subjects were female and male, respectively. The level of knowledge about AIDS in 10.4%, 27.5%, 28.6% and 33.5% of volunteers was poor, medium, good and excellent, respectively. There was a significant relationship between education level, place of residence, age group and occupation and level of knowledge (P=0.0001). The level of attitude toward AIDS in 2.2%, 12%, 21.3% and 64.6% of volunteers was poor, medium, good and excellent, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between attitude and place of residence and education level (P=0.0001). Television (34.6%) and health centers (25.1%) were the main sources of information.
The participants’ level of knowledge and attitude was generally good. It is recommended that training be provided, especially for villagers to make them more aware of transmission ways and prevention means of AIDS.

The effects of spinal cord injury on sexual responses depend on the severity of the damage and the damage site. Spinal cord injury affects affected people during their fertility years and disrupts their reproductive ability.
The present study reports a 30-year-old man who had been referred to the operating room for testing of testicular tissue (TESE, a test for detecting fertility in testicular tissue). The patient, despite spinal cord injuries at the T11 level, continued normal spermatogenesis and fertility for more than 10 years.
Sexual dysfunctions and the inability of people with spinal cord problems cause serious psychological harm to family members. It is possible that the condition of the suitability of the testate size by testing the testicular tissue and intrauterine fertilization can greatly improve these mental health problems.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the most common form of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic, progressive multi-system inflammatory disorder characteristically affecting the sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. The protein encoded by the PTEN gene which has a phosphatase activity, plays a key role in many of the signaling pathways, such as cell cycle regulation, cell migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis, therefore, it can be one of the candidate genes associated with autoimmune diseases, such as ankylosing spondylitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PTEN gene in patients with AS and compare to healthy individuals in Iranian population.
The present case-control study was consisted of 50 patients with AS and 50 healthy controls recruited from those referred to Shohada Hospital, Tajrish,Tehran in 1394. The RNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and subsequently the PTEN gene expression was investigated in both groups using real-time PCR.
The results showed that PTEN expression was significantly decreased in patients compared to control group (P=0.02).
The PTEN gene expression can be considered as parameter for screening and early diagnosis of individuals susceptible to this disease.

Phenylketonuria is a childrens metabolic with severe mental retardation. The present research was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of REBT on resilience in mothers of children with PKU.
This semi-experimental intervention recruited 40 mothers of children with PKU referring to Shokuhe Nikan charity institution(specialized for PKU Children) in Tehran in 2016. For collecting the data, the Connor- Davidson Resiliency Scale (2003) was used. The research data were analyzed by univariate covariance analysis test (ANCOVA) by using SPSS v22.
The results of single-variable covariance analysis showed a significant difference in the resilience of the experimental and control group in the post-test (p It is recommended that PKU Children's Centers across the country use an Interventional REBT Package to reduce psychological problems and promote the mental health of their parent.

Background and Several psychological treatments were considered for reducing mood problems and modifying maladaptive schemas, and schema therapy is one of these treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of schema therapy on modifying the first maladaptive schemas and reducing mood syndrome in patients with skin psychosomatic disorder.
The research method was semi-experimental with the control and evaluation group as pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals with mental disorder in the city of Naghade in 1395. The available sampling method was 36 people and randomly assigned to either experimental (18 subjects) or control (18 persons). The experimental group received 11 sessions of schema therapy once a week, and the control group remained without any intervention. To collect information in pre-test and post-test, standard questionnaires were used for positive and negative, and Yang's early maladaptive schemas. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA.
The findings showed that schema therapy significantly reduced the scores of all maladaptive schemas. It also increases the positive mood and decreases the negative mood in people with psychosomatic disorders (p It can be said that the schema therapy is effective in correcting the initial maladaptive schemes and reducing the symptoms of mood disorders in psychosocial disorders of the skin.

The seventh instruction of the Health System Reform Plan has been implemented since May 05, 2014 due to promoting natural delivery and declining unnecessary caesarean rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the caesarean section rate and its reasons before and after the implementation of the Health System Reform Plan.
The present study is a descriptive study and existing data analyzes, the data were collected by using questionnaire, checklist, and interview. To do so, 1240 samples were systematically selected based on file number from May 05, 2014 to May 06, 2015. The data were analyzed by using Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Chi-square, Pearson, and Cramer.
The caesarean section rate in the group before the implementation of the Health System Reform Plan was 47.57%, but this rate in the group after the implementation was 38.70%. Accordingly, there was a significant difference between these two groups (p=0.02). The two groups had a significant difference in the causes of elective cesarean section (p=0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the causes of emergency cesarean section (p=0.08). After the implementation of the Health System Reform Plan, no case of selective cesarean section has been performed (p=0.01).
According to the results of the study (8.87% reduction in cesarean section) the plan for the reform of the health system in the first year after the implementation has been successful in achieving its specific goal.