مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 33، پاییز 1394)

Measurement of body heat is widely used in clinical medicine. Determine the accuracy of the temperature as one of the key vital signs, is started diagnosis and treatment. There are various ways to measure body temperature A thermometer in addition to non-invasive being required to have a high accuracy as well. Given that there are doubts about the authenticity of the digital axillary temperature. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of temperature measurement axillary thermometers in compared with Nasopharyngeal termometers.
This cross-sectional study was done on 200 patients admitted to the Hospital in the city of Bushehr in 1393. Sampling was available. After obtaining informed consent, measurements done by both sides axillary temperature and Nasopharyngeal with the required characteristics were recorded in the chek Lists. Data were analyzed with 21spss software and use statistical tests of covariance , chi-square test, ROC curve and paired t-test.
The results showed that 167 (83.50%) of the subjects were men and 33 (16.50%) were female. The mean age of participants 37.34 ± 17.72 years. Average temperatures Nasopharynx 37.04± 0.83 and axillary 36.79 ± 0.83 respectively. The best cut point in axillary temperature 37.6 ° C with a sensitivity of 88.8% and specificity of 94.5% respectively. No significant difference was found between the two side axillary temperature (p= 0.06). High correlation was observed between the temperature and axillary right Nasopharynx (r =0.90) and left axillary (r =0/85).
The use of digital axillary temperature for temperature measurement is accurate.

As cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of disability and early death around the world and they increase the cost of health care, the prevention of these kinds of disease, is very important Since Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) is one of the most important indicators in public health, it is closely related to epidemiology and measures the effects and the contribution of risk factors in public health and also helps to assess the potential impact on public health and preventive interventions. This index as a combination of the associated risk factors and frequency of exposure, provide estimation of the relationship between risk factors and disease in the community.
Method and Materials: This survey is a review study which is done by searching in scientific resources such as Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, SID and Science Direct. In this study, related keywords were identified and chosen from existing keywords in MESH and it was limited by published year that is from 2005 to 2015.
Cardiovascular disease is a disease with multiple causes which is studied in the articles for several important factors. After reviewing the results of the literature, it is found that factors such as age over 65 years (20-35%), hypertension (10-60%), smoking (10-40%), high cholesterol (5-45%), overweight (3-50%) and diabetes (3-15%) has the most effects in the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Given that the incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is multifactorial, it seems necessary to determine contribution of each factor in causing the disease, for prioritizing and preventive interventions. Although PAF is based on theory, it is a fully functional index for prioritizing preventive and therapeutic interventions. For the prevention of cardiovascular disease stronger actions on screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, factors associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, overweight and diabetes are needed. So that by controlling these factors, the risk of cardiovascular diseases can greatly be reduced.

prevalence of Severe and life-threatening bradycardia following spinal anesthesia is about 2.5 percent and in most cases is associated with a high level of anesthesia (high spinal block). Numbness levels higher that T4 are considered to be a risk factor for occurrence of severe bradycardia and even cardiac arrest.
History of the patient: A 81-year-old male patient referred to the Peymanieh hospital in Jahrom to have a surgery due to Ayngvaynal hernia and hydrocele. In the anesthesia consultation before surgery, the patient's heart had a sinus rhythm without ECG signs of ischemia, hypertrophy and heart block. 13 minutes after performing spinal, all vital signs were normal and acceptable and incision has not done yet that And without evidence of symptoms of high spinal block observed¡ the patient's heart rate suddenly dropped to about bpm45. Moments later it was reduced to about bpm22 but Fortunately with injection of atropine and ephedrine heartbeat was normal.
The incidence of severe and life-threatening bradycardia is not necessarily associated with high spinal block even in the presence of normal spinal block is predictable and This fact highlights the importance of careful and real-time patient monitoring. Keywords: spinal anesthesia, bradycardia, inguinal hernia and hydrocele.

Inflammatory markers such as fibrinogen and C-reactive protein are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and exercise mode may influence these biomarker responses. In this study was compared the effects of two acute exercise method of continues and high- intensity interval on fibrinogen and high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) responses in sedentary women.
Twenty sedentary young women randomly assigned to continuous exercise (CE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) groups (n=10). CE group performed moderate-intensity continuous exercise at intensity 60 to 65% of Vo2max for 40 minute on treadmill. HIE group completed 36 minute treadmill running with alternating 60 s at 90-95% Vo2max and 240 s at 50% Vo2max. Venous blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 60 min after exercise. An analysis of variance for repeated measures, LSD and independent t test were used to data analysis.
Both of Fibrinogen and hs-CRP levels significantly increased immediately after both acute exercise (P Fibrinogen and hs-CRP respones were similar among two acute exercise method of continues and high-intensity interval, but the continoue aerobic exercise may induce slightly increase the fibrinogen levels at recovery in compare with high-intensity interval.

Despite significant progress in reducing death rates have occurred from cardiovascular disease, these diseases are still considered as the leading cause of death in many countries and hyperlipidemia is one of the crucial factors in the occurrence of these diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the Artemia urmiana effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria in probiotic milk and their effects on serum lipid profiles in rats that fed on high fat diet.
To determine effects of different dose of Artemia urmiana, (0 %, 1%,2%,3%) on growth of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus At a first stage(milk) and at the second stage (yogurt) were produced 0.33 g of lyophilized bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus separately was added to a one liter sterilized low fat milk. Acidity, pH and microbial growth and survival were examined during incubation. The day after the produce, products were examined by sensory evaluation. 60 male Wistar rats were then divided into 6 groups of 10, and within a week of food and water containing 25% fat milk were used. After 60 days of treatment with different doses of probiotic milk contains Artemia urmiana were. All the groups tested at the end of day 60 to measure cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C were taken.
The study results indicated that the concentration has a positive effect on the growth of Artemia urmiana probiotic cultures Lactobacillus acidophilus milk probiotic found. Also groups receiving 3 percent of Artemia urmiana powder had the lowest cholesterol and the highest blood tg levels (p ≤ 0/05).
Overall we can say that the Artemia urmiana cause the growth of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria in milk. And daily usage of the different doses of Artemia urmiana and lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria in milk improve the serum lipid pattern through reduction of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and increasing HDL-C levels.

Numerous factors contribute to male infertility including genital infections that may appear following microbial, fungal, and viral infections. Different studies have been recently conducted in the world on papillomavirus infection and its effect on functional parameters of sperm including motility, morphology, sperm count, and reduced male fertility. However, the correlation between papillomavirus infection and male infertility is still ambiguous.
In this study, 50 semen samples of fertile men (as the control group) and 50 semen samples of infertile men were collected from Infertility Center of Qom Jihad Daneshgahi, Qom, Iran. The semen samples were analyzed according to World Health Organization’s standard methods and papillomavirus was detected using PCR and virus L1 region replication.
The analyzed spermogram of 50 infertile samples showed that 36%, 68%, and 72% of the samples had problems, respectively in terms of count, motility, and morphology, and 52% of the infertile samples had problems in all three parameters. The DNA of human papillomavirus was not detected in any fertile and infertile samples.
Based on the results of this study, there was no correlation between papillomavirus infection and male infertility. It seems that, factors such as male circumcision, lack of homosexual behavior, and lack of multiple sexual partners were effective in reducing the prevalence of HPV in the studied male population.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nervous system which, attention of researchers has attracted to traditional and complementary medicine and they try to use all available capacity to solve the problems. So the purpose of this article is investigating on protective effect of Aloe Vera alcoholic extract gel on changes of estrogen and progesterone hormones in experimental MS models of female rats.
Patients and a total number of 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups. The first group (control group) did not receive any drugs. The second group (blank group) received 14 micro liters Saline into lateral ventricles areas. The experimental group 1 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide into lateral ventricles and received normal Saline the experimental group 2 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide into lateral ventricles and received 50 mg/Kg dose of Aloe Vera the experimental group 3 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide into lateral ventricles and received 100 mg/Kg dose of Aloe Vera, the experimental group 4 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide into lateral ventricles and received 200 mg/Kg dose of Aloe Vera. At the end, the animals anesthetized with ether and blood samples were taken from their hearts in order to measure the concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormones in their blood serum.
Results show that Estrogen concentration in the experimental 4 has significant increase compared to the experimental group 1. progesterone concentration in all experimental groups has not significantly changed (p the results show that Aloe Vera extract causes increase of estrogen and progesterone hormones in rats with MS, due to its effective ingredients such as phytoestrogens.

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of green tea extract on ovary tissue performance in rats treated by Malathion insecticide.
In this research, 72 Wistar mature rats with ages of 2 to 3 months (approximate weight of 200±15 g) were experimented. Animals were divided into 9-octet groups of animals. Control group did not receive any medication. Control group was given 0.2cc physiological serum and experimental 1, 2 and 3 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/KG B.W. green tea extract respectively, the experimental 4 was given 40 mg/KG B.W. Malathion and the experimental 5,6 and 7 each received 100, 200 and 400 mg/KG B.W. tea extract respectively and 40 mg/KG B.W. Malathion. After 15 days, the rats’ hearts were blooded, and the sex hormones concentration was measured by the prepared serum. Ovaries were then separated to count the ovarian follicles.
Concentration of Estrogen, Progesterone, FSH and LH were significantly decreased in experimental group 4,compared to control and other groups. The primary and Graf follicles in experimental group 4 decreased and in experimental groups 2 and 3 significantly increased in comparison to control group. Atresia folliclesa had a significant increase in experimental group 4,compared to other groups. Primary and secondary follicles’ and corpus luteum in experimental group 4 significantly decreased compared to control group.
Malathion had an adverse effect on secretion of sex hormones in female rats, as well as the process of oogenesis, and green tea extract decreased those negative effects.