فهرست مطالب

Archives of Iranian Medicine
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Jul 1999

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1378/03/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 14
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  • Animal Bites and Rabies: Situation in Iran
    M. Zeynali Dvm, Mph, A. Fayaz Dvm , A. Nadim _ Page 1
    The increasing number of stray dogs in different provinces has raised the number of individuals exposed to animal bites nationwide. The total number of animal bites in Iran has increased from 57,070 in 1996 to 59,481 in 1997 and to 65,632 in 1998. All of these patients received the Vero Rabies vaccine, while 13,339 (22.4%) also received human rabies immunoglobulin. In 1996, the highest incidence was seen in the provinces of Ardabil (288/100,000) in the Northwest, followed by Mazandaran (89/100,000), and Guilan (155/100,000), both located in the Caspian littoral. Also Chahar-Mahal in the central part of the country, an area which serves a large nomadic population of sheep-breeders had a high incidence of the disease (233/100,000). There were 8 fatalities due to rabies (all males 7 of whom were aged 10-19 years). Among 651 animal samples sent to the laboratory, 459 were found positive for rabies; 80% of them belonged to cows, dogs, and sheep.
  • Comparison of Three Serological Tests for Titration of Rabies in Immunized Individuals
    S. Simani Page 2
  • Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection of Steroid and Alkaloid Glycosides in An Ethanolic Extract of Winter Cherry (Physalis alkekengi) Fruits
    M. Vessal , M. Akmali , N. Bambaee, Row Page 3
    Background-The winter cherry (Physalis alkekengi) fruits have some antiestrogenic properties.Objective-To analyze an ethanolic extract of winter cherry fruits for the presence of steroid and alkaloid glycosides.Methods-gel G in -An ethanolic extract of winter cherry fruits was subjected to thin layer chromatography on silica n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (100:10:10) and sprayed with specific reagents for steroids, glycosides and alkaloids.Results-A major steroid glycoside, a free sugar and a glycoalkaloid were identified on the chromatograms. Conclusion-The antiestrogenic property of the extract is probably due to the presence of the steroid glycoside. It is also likely that the glycoalkaloid found in this extract has antiparasitic action similar to alkaloid glycosides reported from other Solanacea species.
  • Effect of Smoking Habits of Family Adults on the Respiratory Health of Children in Southeastern, Iran
    M. Janghorbani , M. Shafiee, Bafti Page 4
    Background-Evidence on the effects of smoking habits of adult family members on the respiratory health of infants and children is mainly derived from studies in developed countries. Evidence from developing countries, where the smoking habit is more prevalent, is required to usher in stronger tobacco control policy in these countries.Objective-To study the possible effect of smoking habits of family adults on the respiratory health of children in an area of South-East Iran.Methods-Using household exposure to tobacco smoke as an estimate of passive smoking (PS), a clinic-based case-control study of respiratory illnesses was conducted in Kerman, Iran. We interviewed 138 randomly selected respiratory-illness cases (pneumonia, common cold, otitis media, sore throat, rhinitis, asthma, sinusitis, and croup), aged 1-48 months (mean [SE]: 21.6 [1.1]) and 252 clinic-based controls aged 1-48 months (mean [SE]: 16.5 [0.8]). The controls were non-respiratory patients, selected randomly from the same clinic as the cases. Information on PS was collected for each person.Results-The prevalence of PS at home was 52.9% (95% CI: 44.6-61.2) for the cases and 27.8% (95% CI: 22.2-33.3) for the controls. PS increased the risk of acquiring respiratory illnesses three folds in infants and children (OR: 2.92, [95% CI: 1.9-4.5]). The OR increases with increasing duration and amount of PS (p<0.001). Potential confounders, including gender, age, maternal and paternal education, and mother''s occupation were adjusted by multiple logistic regression analysis, where it was giving the figure of 1.73.Conclusion-This study provides strong evidence that the exposure to cigarette smoke of Iranian infants and children can cause an increase in the frequency of respiratory illness among this age group. Urgent measures need to be undertaken to protect infants and children from the health hazards of PS in Iran.
  • Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis in Northern Iran
    M. Nikparvar Fard , M.R. Zahed Pour Anaraki Page 5
    Objective To determine the incidence and case fatality rate of VTE and its associated risk factors in northern Iran.Design A retrospective medical chart review.Setting Imam Hospital, one of the largest teaching hospitals of northern Iran.Methods Review of medical records of all patients with the final diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE), discharged between March, 1989 and June, 1997.Results Out of 232,000 patients, 140 had DVT, and 70 had PE, giving a VTE hospital incidence of 9/10,000. The mean age of these patients was 43 years. The female/male ratio was 1.4. Ninety five percent of patients had one or more risk factors for VTE. Two or more risk factors presented among 67% of cases. The most common risk factors were age (40 years (45%), immobility (29%), pregnancy or puerperium (23%), previous VTE (16%), major surgery (16%), and deep venous insufficiency (12%)). No patient had received any prophylaxis. Case fatality rate of PE in(12%) our patients was 11%. The incidence of VTE increases with age.Conclusion The hospital incidence of VTE in northern Iran, is much lower than that reported from Western countries. The most important reason are youthfulness of the Iranian population and probably, their hematological profiles. As the Iranian population''s age increases, VTE will become a growing public health problem. The mean age of patients was 25 years lower than Western studies. Our study confirms earlier reported risk factors. Because of the high birth rate, pregnancy and puerperium are among the most important risk factors. Prophylaxis for VTE is highly under-used by our physicians. Clinical features and fatality rates are in keeping with Western reports. The fatality rate of VTE increases with number of risk factors.
  • Functional Features of Hematopoiesis in Patients with Aplastic Anemia During High-Altitude Climate Therapy
    A.R. Raimjanov , S.M. Mamatov Page 6
    Background-No effective treatment for aplastic anemia, short of repeated blood transfusion and immunotherapy are currently available.Objective-To investigate whether a stay at high altitude the so-called "climate-therapy" might stimulate hematopoiesis.Methods-202 patients aged 15-50 years were monitored hematologically at a high-altitude station on the northern portal of Tuya-Ashu Pass in Kyrkyzstan. The patients performed graduated physical exercise for 40 days.Results-After adaptation at high altitude, reticulocytosis, gradual rise of granulocyte and platelet count were noted. Bone marrow examination also showed significant increase in erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic series with improvement in fibroblast colony forming efficacy.Conclusion-High altitude may be recommended as an adjunct therapeutic for stimulating erythro-, leuko-, and thrombopoiesis and repeated courses may lead to a decrease in complications and prolonged remission.
  • Unicameral Bone Cyst
    B. Alami, Harandi , E. Navab, Sheikholeslami , M. Seghatchain , M. Nowroozi Page 7
    Background-3% of biopsied primary bone lesion are bone cyst. It involves mostly proximal end of femur and humerus. Most popular method of treatment is curettage and bone graft or injection of hydrocortisone in the cyst.Methods-Between 1993-1997, 30 patients with UBC of proximal end of humerus were treated in two groups. 1) Curettage and bone graft; 2) Injection of hydrocortisone.Results-The healing rate in surgical patient was 85.7% and injected cases was 75%. Average healing time in surgical cases was 11.6 months and in injected cases was 13.9 months.Conclusion-Considering that the result of two groups are more or less the same, it is better to treat UBC of proximal end of humerus by injection of hydrocortisone in the cyst.
  • HIV/AIDS in the World, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and in Iran
    B. Sadrizadeh Page 8
  • Pure Testicular Rhabdomyosarcoma
    M.J. Arya Page 9
    Pure testicular rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare tumor and few cases have been reported in literature. The tumor usually presents as painless testicular enlargement with early dissemination via the blood stream and lymphatics. The origin of this tumor is presumed to be from overgrowth of a sarcomatous areas of teratoma. Here, a case of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma is presented and its clinical and pathological findings discussed.
  • Gastric Teratoma: Report of An 8-Year-Old Boy Presenting with Repeated Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    S.A. Mirbagheri , A.R. Nahidi , S. Mohammad Pour Page 10
    Reports on gastric teratoma are rare. In the majority of cases the disease occurs in male neonates or children and with a lesser frequency in adolescents. This rare tumor usually manifests as an abdominal mass, resulting in gastrointestinal bleeding and/or obstructive picture. Diagnosis is aided by presence of calcifications on plain abdominal radiogram, ultrasonography or CT scan. Surgery is the only acceptable management performed either by tumor resection or gastrectomy. The tumor has a benign nature and except in a few cases, complete cure can be attained. This paper reports on an 8-year-old boy who had two episodes of upper GI bleeding with a four-year interval. The episodes occurred at the ages of four and eight with no interim symptoms. The tumor was detected as a mass lesion on endoscopy and pathology was compatible with teratoma after the full removal of the tumor. Four years of follow-up showed no relapse.
  • Photoclinic
    S. Rad Page 11
  • Excerpts from Persian Medical Literature
    Page 12
  • Commented Summaries from Current Medical Literature
    Page 13
  • Calendar of Events
    Page 14