نشریه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، پاییز و زمستان 1388)

Organizational theorists through theoretical and practical theories try to solve the organizational problems and extend the organizational knowledge. Conventional approach in organizational theorizing studies organizational-level phenomena or at micro level (organizational behavioral: OB) or at macro level (organizational theories: OT) and can not to consider the effect of top-down and bottom-up phenomenon. Multilevel approach as an emerging paradigm and method is able to see organizational phenomena as a multilevel, so that analyze the impact of phenomenon at a higher level and higher level factors impacts on the phenomenon. Multilevel theorizing begins with determining the type of constructs to be studied and then continues with determining the type of relationship between constructs in multilevel model format. Sampling and determining analysis design are final phase of multilevel studies. Article authors, through documentary studies, try to identify multilevel theorizing method and present it in the form of a flowchart process. For more precise explanation of this approach before addressing process of Multilevel theorizing, what and why of it in the form of concepts, epistemological foundations and theorizing principles are presented.

Consideration toward Justice in Organizations Have was increased in Recent Decades. Nowadays, Scholars are More Focused on Distributive, Procedural, Interactional and Informational Justice in Different Organizations. A Kind of Justice That is ignored by Organizational Researchers, is Retributive Justice. Prevention, Punishment and Justified Action Against of corruptors and Law-Breakers Can Help the Justice to be developed in Organizations. In this Research, we Study the Effective Contexts on Emerging Retributive Injustice and Its Role on Prevalence of Educational & Investigative Corruption. So have, by Snowball Sampling, 22 Students and Professors of Tehran Universities in Year 1387 regarded and Based on Proposed questions by Researchers, was interviewed. Research Method was Multi Case Study from Qualitative Method and In Analysis Stage, by using theme Method, 7 Contextual Themes that have Effect on Retributive Injustice was identified. Research finding Can Introduce Proper Approaches toward Decrease Deterrent Factors Mission & Vision Realization of University & Educational Centers for Managers and Respondents to Improve their University Knowledge Output, as well as its Rank between Universities all over the World.

Achievement motivation or need for achievement as a major need in organizational behavior, due to the effects on growth and national development of the country, have always been studied by researchers since 1950. The main goal of this study is the extraction of religious teachings affecting achievement motivation. So certain factors like the Islamic worldview, beliefs, values, educational factors and religious commands, were identified. Faith in these Islamic teachings and practice of them leads to the emergence and strength of achievement motivation. Thus these religious factors enhance the" achievement motivation indexes" (such as internal control center, hope to success, work and effort,...) and therefore will increase individual achievement motivation.

Today, along with different types of capital such as human, financial and economic, some other sort is exploited called social capital. This concept deals with bonds and relations between members of a human network as a valuable resource which helps to reach goals by creating common norms and trust. Because of the importance of social capital and its role in management, we deal with this issue from Imam Ali's viewpoint as an efficient manager in an Islamic government. This research is done based on documentative studies and covers issues as follows:The first part deals with and explains social capital. Then value management, management in Imam Ali's perspective and his management pattern based on affection and wisdom as social capitals are respectively dealt with. Finally, religious capital and some factors of social capital in Imam Ali's management are explained.

This article reviews all kinds of financial strategies and describes them. The Article emphasized on the manner of managing corporate and taking best strategies at economical recession and entry of corporate in financial constraints and increasing of total risk. Thus qualification of economical recession and financial constraints are described and then appropriate strategies for this situation are surveyed; then financial strategies that can restrain corporate from entry into the stage of financial constraint are presented. At the end some points for utilizing different kinds of financial strategies are represented.

This survey seeks examining the effects of brand dimensions on repurchase intention in service sectors. Service branding is becoming a critical issue for both marketing researchers and experts and empirical research in this context is increasing. This study tests a model in the context of service brand. The research group (population) includes all customers of Refah retail store in Tehran. By the use of clustering sampling method, 275 customers have been selected as the research sample. We used Lisrel software for testing model. The results indicate that brand evidence (e.g., core service, employee service, brand name, services cape, price/ value for money, self-image congruence and feelings), along with advertising and promotion, significantly influence consumer satisfaction, attitude and behavioral intentions towards the chosen service brand.

In order to have a succesful investment companies, their activities in this very complicated bussines enviroment, require to indentify the facing threats and have definitely deep knowledge of all difficulties beforehand. In this regards looking at strategic risks (potetial forces which can destabilize the system of strategy and have a considerable negative effect on the investigating campany’s value as a result), have a significant importance.The main objective of this research is in fact identifying and ranking the strategic risks of investment campanies (Ghadir investment company).Delphy techniques (experts community), scenario writing and case study are used to elicit and analyze the data. The results of this research, which is done within 6 steps, are identifying the strategic risks of investment campanies, ranking these risks in Ghadir investment campany (forward scenarios within 3-5 years) and finaly mapping the strategic risks in each scenario.