نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 16، زمستان 1389)

Tarkhineh is basic of traditional soup in west mountain area of Iran. It is compostof grounded wheat sop in goats’ fermented milk. People use this soup because of it isbenefical effects. It seems that Tarkhine is a good source for isolation of beneficial lacticacid bacteria. Aim of this study is isolation of Lactic acid bacteria from Tarkhinehand assessment of colonization ability in GIT and cholesterol reduction from media.Colony of Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated on MRS agar by strike method. In order toevaluate colonization ability in GIT acid (pH=2.5) and bile (%0.3)tolerance assessed.Assimilation and reduction of 300 μg/mlcholesterol of media were assessed by o-phethalaldehydmethod.26 strains (T1-T26) were isolates from fresh Tarkhineh.T5, T11, T4 could well growth in acid and bile. T4 assimilate more than 200 μg/ml cholesterol of media. However T23 and T7 are resistance to bile salts and assimilate 217, 297 μg/ml cholesterol respectively. Even though these are sensitive to acidic condition. Results demonstrated Tarkhine is an appropriate source for probiotic isolation. These bacteria can use in different food products base of their growth conditions.

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent disease which its misdiagnosis maylead to kidney deficiency and even pyelonephritis. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of themost important pathogens in the UTIs. Recently, its multi-drug resistance (MDR) traithas become more important and regarded as a virulent factor. The aim of this study wasto determine antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistance pattern in Klebsiellapneumoniae isolated prevalent in community and hospital acquired UTIs. In the periodof study (1 year) a total of 7655 urine specimens were collected from the UTI patients.After that isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, antibioticsensitivity and resistance analysis of isolates was performed by disc diffusion methodaccording CLSI standards. Finally, results were analyzed by SPSS software. Antibioticresistance pattern of 72 K. pneumoniae strains isolated in this study, were as follows:amoxicillin 98.61%, co-trimoxazole 95.83%, nitrofurantoin 94.44%, ceftazidime80.55%, cephalothin 77.77%, gentamicin 73.6%, tetracycline 72.22%, nalidixic acid58.33%, chloramphenicol 48.61%, norfloxacin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin 43.05%and imipenem 1.4%. Moreover, 71 isolates (98.61%) were determined as multi-drugresistant. The results of this study demonstrate that existed high prevalence of MDRKlebsiella pneumoniae isolates in UTI samples in that we should points to thein usage of antibiotic.

The white button mushroom is the important commercial mushroom in the world. Inthis work, eleven treatments of various casing materials consisting of vermicompostproduced from urban waste of Mashhad have been evaluated as an alternative to peatfor the cultivation of mushroom. Some properties of these treatments (moisture, pH,electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, ash and CaCO3 content) were compared with peat-base casing soil. For this,various production parameters (number of mushrooms, yield, unit weight, sporophorediameter, earliness and dry matter) were evaluated. EC of treatments were significantlyhigher than peat-base casing soil. Our findings show that vermicompost because highadhesion and EC could not use alone as suitable replacing of peat. In some treatments,that vermicompost was used with supplement agents there was no significant differencein the mushroom yield with peat-base casing soil at the end of the culture period. In thewhole treatments which used vermicompost as a basic of casing soil dry weight, unitweight and sporophore diameter were increased significantly though the numbers of themushroom decreased. In the treatments, which were produced via vermicompost theearliness, or days to first harvest was more than peat-base casing soil. According to thispoint that vermicompost is more chipper and available and with the aims of decreasingthe destruction of the peat sources and the environmental pollution, we can use vermicompost recycled from urban waste as an appropriate alternative for peat casing soil in the white button mushroom cultivation.

History and pupose: Benzoic Acid salts such as sodium and potassium Benzoate in lowconcentration are used for elimination of microbial pollutin in different food,cosmetics,hygienic, pharmacological products and some pesticides.The purpose of this research isthe study of histopathological effects of potassium Benzoate on histology of fetus heartof Syrian mice (the striain of balbic mice).In this study, some Syrian mice were given0.1cc Potassium Benzoat with two dosage of 280 and 560 mg/kg, 10 days before gestation and then 5-16 days of gestation. The control group were injected intra peritoneally normal salin.Then at the 18th say of gestion, we remored fetus after autopsy of mothers and removed their hearts and fixed them in fixator for providing tissue sections.In lams that were produced by hematoxilin ausin stain, we measured the longest vertical and horizontal axis that were in the same sectional sites and studied them statistically according to T Test.In this study, we measured the longest vertical and horizontal axis in thee groups – control group, treated group I (Dosage of 280 my/kg) and treated group II (Dosage of 56 mg/kg).there wasn’t any meaningful alternation in the measurments of thess axises in comparison with the Tissue of heart of each dosage in comparison with control group.

Hottentots fig (Carpobrotus edulis) from Aizoaceae family form a dense carpet andmake an effective ground cover and grows in sites directly exposed to salt spray andstorm waves. This plant with succulent leaves and large beauty purple flowers is usedin maritime areas to prevent soil erosion in sandy and salinity soils. The purpose of thisstudy was to assess morphological and physiological responses of Hottentots fig (C.edulis) to water salinity in liquid and soil culture. For first time in the world, we studiedsalt tolerance of Hottentots fig (C. edulis) in liquid and soil culture. In this research,shoots of Hottentots fig are cultured in liquid basal MS medium accompanies 0-28gram/liter salt (NaCl). After 60 days, results of salt effects were studied on morphologyand biochemistry of sea fig were included root formation, shoot growth, water content,dry weight, mineral and organic materials, sodium and chlorophyll content, and totalprotein. Salt tolerance, root formation and shoot growth of sea fig have continued to12g/l of salt. The salt increasing was root formation stimulant (4gr/l). Sodium storagecapacity was increasing with salt creasing but it was balance with another minerals matter.All different materials content of Hottentots fig are changing with salt changes butin higher salt concentrations depended to Hottentots fig salt tolerance mechanisms. Insoil culture, salt tolerance of Hottentots fig plants increased to 50gr/l NaCl.

There are some risk factors in diabetes as a multifactorial disease. Among these factors,the finger print as a family background has a very important role especially in diabetesmellitus type I. In this research, we studied on 124 patients with diabetic mellitus typeI and 120 healthy controls from Arak, Kashan and Qom hospitals. Then we obtainedthe sample of fingers from all of cases addition of the signed consent forms. After doingexamination and finding the related parameters of finger print, statistical tests havedone by SPSS. The results showed that there is a significant difference in right handfingers between patients and normal group (P<0.05). Also t-test exam (α<%5) showedthat there is a significant differences in Total Ridge Count in small finger of left handin men with diabetes I versus healthy men(p=0.012) as well as the Total Ridge count inpatients rather than healthy group (p=0.002). The results shows that Diabetes Mellitustype I is the most effective factor in this difference.

Microbial cellulose (MC), which is produced by some Acetobacter strains, is identicalto plant cellulose with respect to molecular structure, but it has an ultrafine nanofibernetwork structure and good biocompatibility. These properties have made MC a potentiallyimportant industrial and biomedical raw material for applications such as productsfor artificial skin and tissue replacement. Aim of this study was isolation of celluloseproducer Acetobateria. Samples of some vegetables and fruits were prepared andcultured in SH-agar. Then isolated A.xylinus was confirmed by biochemical tests andcellulose producer Acetobacteria was studied in SH broth. SDS 5% and NaOH 8% wereused for treatment of cellulose and then dehydrated and samples of cellulose beforeand after treatment coated with gold particles for scanning electron microscopy (SEM)studies. In this study one strain of A.xylinus was isolated and this strain was able toproduction of cellulose after 6 day of incubation. Also chemical treatment was showedthat cellulose impurities were removed. SEM images of cellulose after treatment wasmore reticulated that before treatment. These results were showed that isolated strain ofA.xylinus could be a potential strain for microbial cellulose production.

Following axon damage, process chromatolysis occurs that often has said axonal reaction.Salvia has various Medical effects, this plant has useful effects on digestivesystem, cardial and vessels system and nervous system.Effects anti-oxidant, anti-inflammination, anti-apoptosis this plant has proven. The aim of this study is to examineneuroprotective effects of aquatic and ethanolic extracts of salvia leaves on motoneuronsdegeneration of spinal cord after the compression of sciatic never in rats.Forty eight male rats were used in 4 groups of control, compression, care A (aquaticextract of leaf in 3 doses of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg,75mg/kg) and careB (ethanolic extractof leaf in the dose of 25,50,75 mg/kg), whose right sciatic nerves were highly compressed for 30 s, assigned to experimental all groups (n=6). After the compressionof Sciatic nerve, Care groups received one injection per week. After 4 weeks rats wereanesthetized and after perfusion, the spinal cord was sampled, then the 7Mm sectionswere coloured with tolidin blue and the numerical density of alpha motoneurons wascalculated by steriology method. Comparison in compression and treatments groups(aquatic extracts of leaves doses50 and75 mg/kg) and (ethanolic extracts of leaves dose50 mg/kg) has significant difference between the density of neurons (P<0/05). Resultshow that aquatic extract of leaves doses50 and75 mg/kg and ethanolic extract of leavesdose 50 mg/kg has neuroprotective effects.

Neuroglial cells act as supportive tissue in neural system. There are extensive evidences that show axonal processes of the nervous system (peripheral and/or central) may be degenerated after nerve injuries. The neuroglial response likely is originated by axotomized neuron and its absence may be an innate defect in the reaction of intrinsic neurons to axonic severance. In this research, the effects of Curcuma longa alcohlic exteract on neuroglia cell degeneration after sciatic nerve compression in diabetic rats was investigated.In this experimental laboratorial research, 30 male Wistar rats dividedin 5 groups (control, compression, diabetes compression, diabetes ompression+injection alcholic extract of curcuma longa with does 25 mg/kg and diabetes compression+injection of alcholic extract of curcuma longa with does 50 mg/kg) extraction perform with Soxhlet apparatus. For inducing diabetes, animal were injected a single dose STZ 55mg/kg intraperitonealy. After one month control of diabetes, some samples with blood sugar over the 200 mg/dl selected as experimental subject and then to make compression, the animal was swooned by 6mg/kg rampon and 60 mg/kg, ketamin and then sciaticnerve compressed by second lock of lock scissors was forced for 30S. In extract care groups, extract of the plant was injected by internal peritoneum method in 3 turns during 28 days, then by performing the perfusion method and after fixation and during processes of passage of tissue, the serial sections 7 micron were colored with toluidin blue and eritrozin and it was calculated by method of dissector of spinal neuroglia and then was analysed by statistical tests ANOVA and also by t-test of different group information.The data analysis shows a meaningful decrease in number of neuroglia cells anterior horn from compression group in compare with control group and also indicates the meaningful decrease of neuroglia cells in diabetes compression group to compression group. The comparison of neuroglia density from two care groups with does 25mg/kg and 50 mg/kg with diabetes compression groups also shows the increase among groups with injection of extract to diabetes compression group.Internal peritoneum injection of curcuma longa extract can be useful to decrease of degeneration rate of neuroglias in anterior horn.possibebly this extract has protective effect on neuroglias that related to antioxidant effect of this extract.

Two indigenous white rot fungi Trametes hirsuta and Trametes gibbosa were screenedfor decolorization of two azo dyes, congo red and orange G. The screening experimentwas run for 11 days with 15, 25, 50, and 75 ppm dye solutions prepared in Malt extractnutrient medium in triplicate (30 ml flasks). Every 72 h samples were read on their respective wavelengths (λmax) to determine the percent decolorization. It was found that both fungi could effectively decolorized both azo dyes at varying incubation times butbest results were shown on congo red (97.7%) at a concentration of 50 ppm and orangeG (97.8%) at a concentration of 75 ppm after 11 days by Trametes gibbosa. Trameteshirsuta also showed good decolorization potential on congo red (94.6%) in concentration75 ppm and orange G (94.8%) in concentration 50 ppm.

Dermatic infections are one of the medical problems and some of bacteria are thepathogenic agent of these infections that have received a considerable attention. Onthe other hand, the treatment of this infections with antibiotic has unwanted reactionssuch as drug resistant. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the antibacterialeffects of Cydonia oblonga fruit and seed on some dermatic bacteria such as Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureuse and Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro.In this experimental study, ethanolic, acetonic and aquatic extracts of Quince fruit andseed was examind for antimicrobial activity on above bacteria. By using the well diffusionagar method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidalconcentration (MBC) of extracts were determined by macrodilution method. Ethanolicextract of Quince seed was the effective extract in this study. Also, this study showthat Quince seeds have more antibacterial effect in comparison with Quince fruit. Theaquatic extracts don’t show antibacterial effect.

In this work, the brown alga (Fucus serratus) used as a low cost sorbent has beenstudied for the biosorption of zinc (II) ions in batch reactors. Firstly, the characterizationof the surface functional groups was studied. The equilibrium time was about 300min and the adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Langmur`s equation.The maximum capacity has been extrapolated to 0.71 mmol.g-1., The efficiency ofthis biosorbent in natural tap water for the removal of zinc Zn (II) was also investigated.These results indicate that the Fucus serratus is an excellent candidate for use in reactorto remove lead Zn (II) ions from polluted aqueous effluents.

This study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid composition of cultured grasscarp Ctenopharyngodon idella fillets treated by dipping in sodium acetate (0,1 and 3%),nisin (0,0.1 and 0.2%) or their combination during refrigerated storage for 16 days.Result indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by increasing the sodiumacetate doses and instead saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased. The ratioof UFA/SFA and also C22:6/C16:0 increased when a higher concentration of sodiumacetate has been used. The best result obtained by using 3% of sodium acetate but nosuch relation with nisin was observed.

Salvia leriifolia (Lamiaceae) is an endemic plant of Khorasan and Semnan provincewith medicinal, antioxidant and nutritional properties. Drought stress affects on plantgrowth and development. To study changes in proline content of S.leriifolia affectedby drought and also identification of suitable environment for drought experimentstwo separate experimental (completely randomized design) was carried out in soil andin vitro medium. MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium was used for in vitro culture.Experiment was carried out in five different levels of water potential including 0, -2,-4, -6 and -8 bar with 4 replicates. Pressure plates were used in the soil experiment andPEG (Polyethylene glycol) was used in the in vitro medium. Proline in the leaves wasmeasured after the plants reached four leaf stage. The results showed that with increasing drought stress, proline accumulation in leaves was increased. This increase in the soil experiment was more than the in vitro one. It can be concluded that proline accumulation is a good measure plant responses to drought stress. Results of experimentsconducted in in vitro are more accurate because it is easier to control the environmentalconditions. It is also of less experimental cost and more space saving criteria.