نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، زمستان 1394)

Inroduction & Thioacetamide cause hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid dysfunction.The plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have a important role in the treatment of many disease. The present study was done to evaluate effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against lipid dysfunction and hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats.
35 male rats were divided into five groups of seven:Control group.Animals of this group underwent no stress such as injection ,oral gavage and etc.Sham group.Animals of this group received150 mg/kg of thioacetamide intrapertionealy in a single dose for 3 months.Experimental group 1,2,3. Animals of this groups received 100,200,300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of glycyrrhiza glabra root orally per day for 3 months and then 150 mg/kg of thioacetamide intrapertionealy in a single dose. All animals bled after 3 months .The provided blood samples were tested for total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol,triglyceride and glucose serum levels by enzymatic methods. The pathological examination of hepatic tissue samples were done after hematoxylin - eosin staining.
Pretreatmen with 100,300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root significan decreased the serum levels of total choesterol comparing with thioacetamide group.Pretreatmen with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses increased the serum levels of glucose comparing with thioacetamide group but there was no significant difference. Pretreatmen with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses showed no significant difference in serum levels of LDL,HDLcholesterol and triglyceride comparing with thioacetamide group. In all experimental groups the hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide improved which were dose dependent.(p≤.05)
Therefore, the result show that the protective effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against Lipid dysfunction and hepatic tissue induced by thioacetamide in male rats.The protective effects of this extract can be due to the presence of flavonoids,chalcones,phytosterols compounds.

Inroduction & Heavy metals accumulate in various tissues and by lack of degradation, could be gradually stored in the fatty tissues of the human body and can cause acute and chronic diseases. In this study, the relationship between body weight of fish and heavy metals such as lead and mercury in muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in the farms of the Dohezar river was measured and compared with international standards WHO.
Twenty cultured rainbow trout reared in a fish farm of Dohezar River (weight range 30 to 410 g) were randomly sampled. Determination of lead and mercury was measured by atomic absorption in a correlation study.
Average lead and mercury concentrations in farmed rainbow trout were equal to 0.107 and 0.022 micrograms per gram of muscle, respectively. The correlation coefficient between fish weight and lead level (r= 0.243, P= 0.301) and mercury level were (r= -0.204, P= 0.388).
The fish body weight had no effect on the lead and mercury level in the muscle (P > 0.05). Also the lead and mercury levels measured in the muscle of rainbow trout in the present study are lower than the acceptable WHO standards which indicate fish are safe for human consumption in this river.

Inroduction & Tetanus toxin is one of the most toxic substrate acting on the central nerve system causing severe muscle contraction. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of tetanus neurotoxins are crucial. Antibodies are important tools in research, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Fully human mAbs because of minimum immunogenic reaction and high performance are important for treatment. Antibodies affinity maturation has facilitated their application in medicine and research projects.
The principle of this study was to screening in immune antibody library for isolation high specificity antibody against tetanus toxin. Library was to construct with pSEX81 expression vector, and then pSEX81 was extracted from library. For screening in this library, biopanning was performed by phage display method.
Helper phage M13K07 was prepared at the titer of 1013pfu/ml. The tetanus toxin was coated in microtiter plate and biopanning process was done using phage particles. The exactness of enrichment process was confirmed by phage ELISA. Single clones were isolated from biopanning cycle with highest optical density. To isolate the tetanus specific antibodies, first vector extraction was done from library. After that, five rounds of biopanning were done. The strongest enrichment occurred at the third cycle of panning and confirmed the existence of high affinity tetanus antibodies. A total 50 single colonies randomly selected from third cycle of biopanning and 20 clones with strong binding were selected and sequenced.
In this study, our aim was the screening of tetanus antibodies by phage display selection method. The antibody fragments isolated from immune libraries applications finds in the diagnostic and treatment tools.

Inroduction & In this study, effects of different riboflavin level were investigated on growth rate and Immune parameters of Acipenser nudiventris were investigated.
Material and A total of 120 juvenile Acipenser nudiventris with initial weight (30.6±1.28 SD) were fed to saturation by 4 diet contained (protein: 49%, lipid: 14% and energy 21.1 Mj/kg) that were supplemented by riboflavin (0, 15, 20 and 25 mg/ kg) so called RB0, RB15, RB20 and RB25 in 8 weeks. Biometey were carried out in of 15 days interval. In the end of experiment, blood samples were collected from fish and transported to laboratory for some immune system parameters analysis.
Riboflavin supplemented in diet caused a significant increase in final weight compared with control (P The result of this study indicated that supplementation of riboflavin in diet have benefit effect on Acipenser nudiventris juvenile growth and immune parameters.

Inroduction & Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex activity which is needed for embryogenesis and other physiological processes. However, in many pathological conditions such as solid tumor progression, the disease appears to be associated with persistent up-regulated angiogenesis. In this research, the effect of Berberis vulgaris leaf aqueous extract on angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane was examined.
Material and 50 Ross fertilized eggs were randomly divided in 5 groups as following: control, sham-exposed and experimental groups; treated with Berberis vulgaris leaf aqueous extract at different concentration. On day 2 a window was opened on eggs and on the day 8 a gelatin sponge was placed on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) which was soaked with 10 microliters of PBS in sham-exposed group and in experimental groups with 10 microliters of the extract at concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml were treated. On day 12 CAM in all cases were photographed. The number and length of vessels were measured by using Image J software, the data were analyzed by t and ANOVA (p The comparison of average number in experimental groups with control group showed a significant decrease in experimental groups 2 and 3. The comparison of average length in experimental groups with control group showed a significant decrease in all cases.
According to the results of this study Berberis vulgaris leaf aqueous extract can have an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in CAM which was seen as a decrease of vessels number and length in treated area.

Inroduction & The extensive use of medicinal herbs such as anchusa italica theory and indiscriminate use of them and chemical compounds Especially to determine the effectiveness of the various aromatics plant reproductive process and the relevant parameters in this study were taken decision. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Anchusa italica on estrogen and progesterone concentrations and placental parameters in female mice
Material and In this study, after mating and observation of vaginal plug, 30 Wistar female mice were randomly divided into five groups including one group receiving physiological saline intraperitoneally, and four treatment groups receiving aqueous extract of Anchusa italica at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg for five days after the 7th day of pregnancy. Cesarean operation was performed on 16th day of pregnancy. The blood was taken from mice’s heart to measure the concentrations of the estrogen and progesterone hormones alsoFetal-placental parameters Was evaluatedand the results were analyzed using SPSS software.
The results show that Anchusa italica extract was effective on progesterone concentration, since the correlation coefficient is less than 0.05. while was not effective on estrogen concentration since the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.05. Also Injecting extract affected on placental weight, Placental size and The number of placental Has been effective because the correlation coefficient less than 0.05.
According to the study of aqueous extract of borage on reproductive parameters such factors and reproductive organs also affect the fetus feeder.

Inroduction & The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) isolated from the gut of rainbow trout Guilan province on some blood safety indicators examined the rainbow trout.
Material and A total of 540 fry with an average weight 3/56±2/24 g (30 per treatment) were prepared. This study in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications for 60 days was investigated invivo.The treatment diets were: 106 (treatment 1), 107 (treatment 2), 108 (treatment 3), 109(treatment4) and 1010 (treatment5) CFU g-1 of lactobacillus plantarum and control treatment (treatment 6) without supplementation with probiotics was.
At the end of the experimental period,hematological and immune parameters were measured. Results showed that the highest levels of hematological indices contains WBC count in treatment 4, RBC count, Hb concentration blood , percent hematocrit , percent monocytes, percent eosinophils , MCHC in treatment 5, the MCV, MCH and percent eosinophils,in treatments 1 and percent neutrophilin controls, respectively. Also significant differences between treatments were examined, MCHC, MCH, percentage of monocytes and eosinophils were not observed(p>0.05). The highest levels of Immune factors , including Total serum immunoglobulins, IgM and Lysozym owned treatment 4 and lowest values are those belonging to the control group (p

Inroduction & Bacillus cereus is an important enterotoxigenic food borne pathogen. It contains NHE and HBL complex enterotoxins. The genes of these complex can be used for characterization of enterotoxin production in B. cereus. The objective of this study is to detect enterotoxigenic B. cereus and assessing the incidence of it in foods.
Material and 220 food samples including; 80 meat products, 20 dairy, 20 rice and 100 salad samples, have been collected in the years 2012-2014. Using biochemical and molecular tests, the B. cereus positive food samples has been detected. B.cereus isolates checked for NHE and HBL complex by specific primers. B. cereus isolates which contain both NHE and HBL have been used for cytotoxic assay on Vero cells.
Among 100 B.cereus isolates, 40 contain NHE, 23 contain HBL and 17 isolates contain both complexes. The recent isolates have been used for cytotoxic assay on Vero cells.
PCR is a prompt, reliable method for detection of enterotoxigenic bacteria. Enhancing awareness about virulence and prevalence of genes involved in food poisoning would be effective in prevention of food poisoning.

Inroduction & Obesity resulting from general or local fat accumulation in body. High fat diet is one of the risk factors of Obesity. Many herbal supplements compared to synthetic chemical agents can be effective in the treatment of obesity or weight reduction with minimum side effects. The anti-obesity effect of cumin that are Iranian native aromatic and medicinal plants, on the weight loss and stabilize blood parameters associated with metabolic syndrome were measured weekly in Male Wistar rats.
32 male Wistar rats, (3 months) who were randomly divided into 4 groups that each group contains of 8 rats, the controls were recipient of a normal diet without treatment, obese subjects receiving the high fat diet without extracts and 2 experimental groups received different dose of Cumin aqueous extract (50,100 mgKg -1 ) with High fat diet. Mice were treated with extracts daily by oral gavages after weighed weekly for 20 weeks. After completion of 20 weeks, Heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, Omental fat and fats around kidneys isolated and weighed after autopsy. Biochemical tests included measurements of serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and leptin were performed.
Cumin aqueous extract resulted in a significant reduction in body mass index, lipid levels, and decreased levels of triglycerides and leptin and Omrntal fat in contrast to obese group (p Cumin in a dosage of 50,100 mgKg-1 can be reduce Omntal fat effectively But according to the reduction of liver weight at doses of 100 mgKg-1 it may had side effects on high dose. The herbals have to use in effective and safe dose.